Pipeline Design Report

FIELD ENGINEERING LIMITED
PROSERVE989-
OGABIRI GAS GATHERING PROJECT
DETAILED PIPELINE DESIGN REPORT FOR 38” X NINE KILOMETER
PIPELINE CONNECTING IBUGBEN FLOW STATION TO OGABIRI-1
MANIFOLD.
PROS/OGBR/PPL/RPT/151003
RO2 01/12/2015 I.F.R. A.R.O. A.M. E.C.U.
RO1 12/11/2015 IDC A.R.O. A.M. E.C.U

DETAILED PIPELINE DESIG REPORT FOR 38” X NINE KILOMETER PIPELINE CONNECTING
IBUGBEN FLOW STATION TO OGABIRI-1 MANIFOLD.
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PROS/OGBR/PPL/RPT/151003. Page 2 of 27
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
List of Illustrations----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
List of Tables------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4
List of Abbreviations---------------------------------------------------------------------------4
1.0 INTRODUCTION-------------------------------------------------------------------------6
1.1 BACKGROUND----------------------------------------------------------------------------8
1.2 SCOPE OF WORK--------------------------------------------------------------------------9
1.3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT------------------------------------------------------------------10
1.4 DESINE INTERFACE----------------------------------------------------------------------10
2.0 GAS PIPE DESIGN CRITERIA--------------------------------------------------------10
2.1VELOCITY CONSIDERATION----------------------------------------------------------11
2.2 CORROSION CONSIDERATIONS-----------------------------------------------------11
2.3 APPLICABLE INDUSTRY GUIDELINES: SPECIFICATIONS, CODES AND
STANDARDS-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------11
2.4 MATERIAL SELECTION FOR P1PES-----------------------------------------------12
2.4.1 PIPE MATERIAL----------------------------------------------------------------------12
2.4.2 FLEXIBILITY ANALYSIS-----------------------------------------------------------13
2.4.2.1 RIGIDITY OF PIPE SUPPORTS---------------------------------------------------13
2.4.2.2 DYNAMIC EFFECTS CONSIDERATIONS--------------------------------------13
2.4.3 THE CHOICE FOR 38”PIPE INSTEAD OF ANOTHER FOR IBUGBEN
F/S TO OGABIRI-1 M/F PIPELINE-------------------------------------------------13
2.5 AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS--------------------------14
2.6 AMERICAN SOCIETY OF TESTING AND MATERIAL-----------------------------14
Revision Date Status Issued by Checked by Approved by
COMPANY
Approval

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2.7 FREQUENTLY USED ASTM GRADES--------------------------------------------------15
2.8 REFERENCE SIMULATION DESIGNS---------------------------------------------------16
3.0 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION------------------------------------------------------------------18
3.1 GAS EXPORT PIPELINE--------------------------------------------------------------------19
4.0 GENERAL DESIGN PARAMETERS-----------------------------------------------------19
4.1 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS-----------------------------------------------------------19
4.2 PIPE ROUTE CRITERIA----------------------------------------------------------------------19
4.3 OPERATIONAL AND DESIGN PARAMETERS-------------------------------------------20
5.0 TECHNICAL FIELD DATA REPORT FOR 38”X 9KM IBUGBEN F/S TO
OGABIRI-1M/F GAS PIPELINE-----------------------------------------------------------20
6.0 CONCLUSION--------------------------------------------------------------------------------25
REFERENCE----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25
DOCUMENT HIERARCHY-----------------------------------------------------------------------25

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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Fig.1.0 Map Outlay of Ogabiri Gas Gathering Project-------------------------------------------------------------8
Fig.2.4 Field Layout Simulation for the 38” x 9km Pipeline running from Ibugben Flow Station to
Ogabiri-1 Manifold in the comprehensive Ogabiri Gas Gathering Project Network, using Hysis. ---------16
Fig.2.5 Field Layout Simulation for 38” x 9km Pipeline running from Ibigben Flow Station to Ogabiri1
Manifold in the comprehensive Ogabiri Gas Gathering Project Network using Pipesim. -------------------17
Fig.2.6 Field Layout Simulation of the 38”x 9km Pipeline connecting Ibugben Flow Station and Ogabiri-
1 Manifold using Pipesim----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------18
LIST OF TABLES
Table.2.0. Applicable Industry Guidelines and Standards--------------------------------------------------------11
Table.2.1. Applicable ASME Codes---------------------------------------------------------------------------------14
Table.2.2. Applicable ASTM Codes---------------------------------------------------------------------------------14
Table.2.3. Frequently used ASTM Codes---------------------------------------------------------------------------15
Table.4.0. Operational and Design Parameters---------------------------------------------------------------------20
Table.5.0.Pipelne Dimensions----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------20
Table.5.1. Ibugben Gas and Water Stream Condition-------------------------------------------------------------21
Table.5.2. Ibugben Gas Out Stream----------------------------------------------------------------------------------22
Table.5.3. Ibugben Gas and Water Stream Compositions--------------------------------------------------------22
Table.5.4. Results of the Detailed Design and Engineering------------------------------------------------------23
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS/ACRONYMS
ASME– American Society of Mechanical Engineering.
ASTM– American Society of Testing and Material.
13 Cr - 13-Chrome

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16” - Twenty inches
o
C - Degrees Celsius
C/S – Cladded Steel
CFC – Chlorofluorocarbon
CO - Carbon monoxide
CO2 - Carbon dioxide
DNA – Deoxyribonucleic Acid.
DSAW - Double Submerged Arc Welded
ELPS – Escravos Lagos Pipeline System.
ERW - Electric Resistance Welded
FBE - Fusion Bonded Epoxy.
FEED – Front End Engineering Drawing.
GHG – Greenhouse Gas.
GRE - Glass Reinforced Epoxy
HDPE - High Density Polyethylene
HCFC – Hydrochlorofluocarbon
ISO - International Standard Organization
M/F - Manifold
m/s - meter per second
NGC – Nigerian Gas Company.
NNPC – Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation.
NO2 - Nitrogen dioxide
N2O – Di-nitrogen oxide
NO- Nitrous oxide
NOx – Nitrogen-Oxygen compounds.
OPEC – Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries.
PVC - Polyvinyl casing
ROW - Right of Way

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RTP - Reinforced Thermoplastic
SCF – Standard Cubic Feet.
SPDC - Shell Petroleum Development Company
UNFCCC – United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
NGS– Nigerian Gas Station.
API– American Petroleum Institute.
WAGC– West African Gas Company.
1.0. INTRODUCTION
The world as a global village is confronted presently with the threat of extinction as a result of incessant
emission of dangerous gases such as carbon dioxide(CO2), NOx (N2O,NO,NO2), Hydrogen Sulfide(H2S),
Halocarbons(CFCs and HCFCs), methane, HO radicals, etc. These are responsible for the destruction of
the stratospheric ozone layer, that protects the earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation, also known as
Green House Gases (GHG), and has subjected the global community to a disastrous ecological imbalance
known as Ozone Layer Depletion, which resulted to a catastrophic phenomenon called Global Warming,
a precursor of climate change and other pandemic effects, such as the damaging of the DNA of plants and
animals, skin cancers, cataracts, etc.
These gases are mainly anthropogenic in nature (i.e. caused by human factors) and are mostly due to gas
flaring. No wander, the United Nations in the Frame Work Convention on climate change (UNFCCC)
known as Kyoto Protocol, declared the above gases as Green House Gases, and they are mainly caused by
gas flaring. This resulted in the United Nations resolution to stop gas flaring.
A recent data released from the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC), that oil and gas
companies in Nigeria burn over $3.5 to $5 billion yearly from over 257 flow stations in the Niger Delta.
That specifically, the country flared about 17.15 per cent of the 95,471 metric tons of gas produced in
June 2015 alone. Also, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) stated in 2015
Statistical Report, that Nigeria produced 86,325.2 million standard cubic meters in 2014. Also, NNPC
disclosed that Nigeria lost up to $868.8 million, about =N=173.76 billion to gas flaring in 2014.Using the

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Nigeria Gas Company’s(NGC) price of $3 per 1000 SCF of gas at the current exchange rate realities,, the
flaring of 289.6 billion SCF of gas translated to a loss of $868.8 million, an equivalent of =N=173.76
billion. Specifically, the oil and gas company produced 2.524 trillion SCF of gas, utilized 2.235 trillion
SCF and flared 289.6 billion SCF.
Against these backdrops and the likes of it, Nigeria came up with a legislation to stop gas flaring. This
gave birth to the present gas monetization process in Nigeria, for which Ogabiri Gas Gathering project is
the nucleus.

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1.1 BACKGROUND
Fig.1.0 Map Outlay of Ogabiri Gas Gathering Project.
Ogabiri Gas Gathering Project is made up of five flow stations, thus: Ibugben, Ogabiri-1, Ogabiri-2,
Rumokun-1 and Rumokun-2, with the central gas gathering facility located at Ogabiri-1, gathering gases
from Ibugben, Rumokun-1 and 2 respectively, via gas pipelines, existing along the right of way. Then, en
Route Ogabiri-2, where the new Gas Treatment and Compression Facilities are to be installed. Here, the
gas will be treated according to the West African Gas Pipelines’ specification before exiting to the NGC
Excravos-Lagos Pipeline Systems (ELPS) via a 4.5km new right of way.

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1.2 SCOPE OF WORK.
The Field Engineering Limited’s Ogabiri Gas Gathering Project contract scope of this work covers a
“Detailed Pipeline Design for 38” x 9 km Pipeline Connecting Ibugben Flow Station to Ogabiri-1
Manifold. To achieve this, the Ibugben gas and water stream’s compositions and conditions were
simulated using HYSIS. While, the design simulation of the 38” x 9 km Pipeline connecting Ibugben
Flow Station to Ogabiri-1 Manifold, was done using PIPESIM simulation.
The design conditions, compositions, calculation results, codes, etc, of the high pressure gas line running
from Ibugben to Ogabiri-1 Manifold, will be included in the table below. Pipeline testing is also included
to ensure compliance to ISO, ASME and ASTM specifications.
1.3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.
The contractor (our company), Field Engineering Limited, do hereby express their profound gratitude to
Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC), Nigeria, and their partner Nestoil Nigeria Limited, for
the opportunity to execute on their behalf, the Detailed Pipeline Design Report for 38” x 9km pipeline
connecting Ibugben Flow Station to Ogabiri-1 Manifold Project.
A contract project of this magnitude could not have been satisfactorily executed without the active
support, co-operation and understanding, as well as abiding patience of the SPDC and Nestoil staff that
are intimately connected with the project. In this regard, we sincerely thank Dr. Chris Ucheobi, the Head
of the K2S Engineering Department, Mr. Lovel Omoanreghan and Mrs. Roseline Uzuegbu, of Nestoil
Nigeria Limited, respectively. Also, Adedotun, Taiwo, Oladipo, facilitators to the training consultants to
Nestoil.
Our company’s appreciation and thanks go to the chiefs, community leaders and youths of the respective
communities involved directly or indirectly for the conducive atmosphere enjoyed during the execution of
this project. Our special gratitude also goes to the youth leaders of the respective communities involved,
for their invaluable maturity, assistance and roles towards a hitch-free execution of this project contract.

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1.4 DESIGN INTERFACE.
The 38” x 9 km gas pipeline from Ibugben Flow Station to Ogabiri-1 Manifold will be entrenched (1.5m
x 1m depth x 9 km) via existing Right of Way (ROW), en route the bushy/swampy terrain of Ibugben to
Ogabiri community, connecting the Ogabiri Gas Gathering Facility, from where the gas will be
transported to NGS Excravos via ELPS pipeline route. The pipeline will interface at the other end with a
Pig Launcher/Receivers, as well as other tie-in integration requirements.
Pipeline Design Teams will interface with these other teams: Process Engineering, Mechanical
Engineering, Piping, Civil/Structural Engineering as well as Electrical Engineering & Instrumentations
Engineering, for the success of the project and will during the course of this project, exchange inputs with
the afore-mentioned disciplines. The Pipeline teams will also interface with the project management team
for effective and timely delivery of the entire project.
2.0 GAS PIPE DESIGN CRITERIA.
Natural gas transmission system design philosophy has survived revisions of guidelines that specify the
detailed criteria for all component design. While standards used in different countries defer, still there is a
conspicuous wide overlap of the basic guidelines between them. The major criteria considered below
comprise pressure and temperature ratings, gas constituent specifications, gas velocity, pipeline sizing,
stress analysis and location class.
The size of pipeline and associated equipment should be determined, by applying a suitable flow equation
to a simple pipe system and/or by using a sophisticated computer program for their model.

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2.1 Velocity Consideration
In choosing the line diameter, consideration was given to maximum and minimum velocities of the pipe.
It should not cause excess noise, erosion and water hammer. Also, the line was seized in such a way that
the minimum velocity of the fluid shall prevent surging and keeps the line swept clean of entrained solid
and liquids.
2.2 Corrosion Considerations
The piping lay out designed shall be in such a way to minimize corrosion in the piping systems due to
presence of water pockets and any other situation leading to internal or external corrosion. In general
minimum allowance of 1 mm is considered for carbon steel piping and 0 mm for stainless steel piping.
2.3 Applicable Industry Guidelines: Specifications, Codes and Standards.
The following industry guidelines and Standards shall apply.
Table 2.0 Applicable Industry Guidelines and Standards
S/No.
1 Manual of Steel Construction-Allowable Stress Design. (AISC) Nineth Edition,
January 1991.
2 Liquid Transportation systems for hydrocarbons and other liquids ASME B31.4
3 Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems. ASME B31.8
4 Recommended practice for Cathodic Protection Design DNV RP B401
Materials
1 Specification for Line Pipe API Spec 5L,
2 Specification for Pipeline Valves API Spec 6D
3 Specification for High Test Wrought Butt Welding Fittings MSS- SP-75

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4
Standard Recommended Practice Sulfide Stress
Cracking Resistant Metallic Materials for OIL
Field Equipment
NACE MR-01-75
Construction
1 Standard for Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities API Standard 1104
2 Recommended Practice for Transportation of
Line Pipe on Barges and Marine Vessels
API RP
5LW
2.4 Material Selection for Pipeline.
This pipeline connecting Ibugben Flow Station to Ogabiri-1 Manifold is the only line that discharges
production from Ibugben Flow Station to Ogabiri-1 Manifold. Therefore, no other alternative exists for
discharging production. Nonetheless, with respect to material selection, a detailed study carried out by
Field Engineering Limited came up with the following recommendation:
2.4.1. Pipe Material
The selection of material in general shall be as given below, thus:
(i) Carbon steel, for temperature less than or equal to 425ºC. This was used considering the
climatic condition of Nigeria.
(ii) Alloy steel for temperatures greater than 425 ºC.
(iii) Low temperature carbon steel, for temperatures less than -29 ºC to 45 ºC.
(iv) Stainless steel, for temperatures below -45 ºC.

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2.4.2. Flexibility Analysis.
2.4.2.1. Rigidity of Pipe Supports.
i. There should be a complete utilization of the rigidity of the pipe supports and complete
avoidance of spring supports, as well as rod hangers wherever design permits. This will check caving in
or bending of pipelines, which may compromise the reliability of the pipeline.
ii In cases, where Teflon sheets or similar low friction materials are used to reduce the design loads on
piping and/or the supporting structure, provision shall be made to allow angular adjustment of bearing
surface during installation, so there shall be an assurance of even distribution of the load.
2.4.2.2 Dynamic Effects Considerations.
There should not be any oversight in putting into consideration the effects of dynamic pressures, both
external and internal. The dynamic pressures shall be critically analyzed and the final best result of the
analysis shall be considered a suitable choice for use, so as to contain the opposing dynamic pressures in
the pipeline. Take for instance, pressures from surge, slug, safety valve thrust, water hammer, etc.
2.4.3 The Choice for 38” Pipe Instead of Another for Ibugben F/S to Ogabiri-1
M/F Pipeline.
The hydraulic simulation studies carried out during the design stage included sensitivity analysis using
various pipe diameters. The study was however not limited to determining the size of the Ibugben flow
station to Ogabiri-1 Manifold line as the only standing pipe line, but took into a careful thought, the effect
on the sizing of the entire SPDC Ogabiri Gas Gathering-NGC-ELPS pipeline, of which Ibugben Flow
Station to Ogabiri-1 manifold pipeline is an integral part of it.
The sensitivity analysis indicated a very high pressure of between 66-82 barg for about 10 years of the
line operation as well as velocities higher or lower than that acceptable for same period, if an 18”, 22”,
32”, 40”, etc, diameter was used respectively. The selected 16” diameter line size provides the acceptable

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pressure and velocity regimes needed for the desired service with special consideration to the Ogabiri Gas
Gathering – NGC – ELPS network.
Again, from the map out-lay of the Ogabiri Gas Gathering project, all pipelines are 38” pipes, excepting
from Ogabiri – 2 Manifold to NGC – ELPS line, passing through the CPF compression Gas Treatment;
which is 28”, due to gas compression, which entails more pressure.
2.5 American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Codes.
Table 2.1 Applicable ASME Codes:
ASME CODES INTERPRETATION
B31.3 Process Piping.
B31.4 Liquid Transportation Systems of Hydrocarbons, Liquid Petroleum Gas, Anhydrous
Ammonia and Alcohols.
B31.8 Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems.
2.6 American Society of Testing and Material (ASTM) Grades.
A carbon steel Pipe can be identified with Grade A or B, a stainless steel pipe with Grade TP 304 or
Grade TP 321, a carbon steel fitting with Grade WPB, etc.
Table 2.2 Applicable ASTM Grades:
A 106 This specification covers carbon steel pipes for high temperature service.
A 335 This specification covers seamless ferrous alloy-steel pipe for high-temperature service.
A 333 This specification covers well seamless and welded carbon and alloy steel pipe intended for
use at low temperature.
A 312 Standard specification for seamless, straight-seam welded and cold work welded authentic
stainless steel pipe intended for high temperature and general corrosive service.

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2.7. Frequently Used ASTM Grades.
Table 2.3 Frequently Used ASTM Grades:
Material Pipes Fittings Flanges Valves Bolts & Nuts
Carbon steel
A106GrA A234GrWPA A105 A216GrWCB A193GrB7
A106GrB A234GrWPB A105 A216GrWCB A194Gr2H
A106GrC A234GrWPC A105 A216GrWCB

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2.8. Reference Simulation Designs.
Fig.2.4.Field Layout Simulation for the 38” x 9km Pipeline running from Ibugben Flow Station to
Ogabiri-1 Manifold in the comprehensive Ogabiri Gas Gathering Project Network using Hysis.

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Fig . 2.5 Field Layout Simulation for the 38”x 9km Pipeline running from Ibugben Flow Station
to Ogabiri-1 Manifold in the comprehensive Ogabiri Gas Gathering Project Network using
Pipesim.

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2.6 Field Layout Simulation of the 38” x 9km Pipeline connecting Ibugben Flow Station and the
Ogabiri-1 Manifold using Pipsim.
3.0. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
The proposed system will include tie-back of the following, thus:
The 38” X 9 km Gas Pipeline from Ibugben Flow Station to Ogabiri-1 Manifold, which dispatches its
production at Ogabiri-1 Manifold, alongside other pipelines. From here the gathered productions are
evacuated to Ogabiri-2 CPF Compression and Gas Treatment via 38” x 3km pipeline. Then, the
compressed and treated production is routed to ELPS, via a distance of 4.5km using same pipe-type.

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3.1 Gas Export Pipeline.
The Ogabiri Gas Pipeline Project will be as per current WAGC codes and standards.
4.0 General Design Parameters.
Here, in this section, is presented a general design parameters for the Gas Export Pipelines, upon which
the FEED engineering is performed.
4.1 Functional Requirements.
The general functional requirements of the pipeline systems applicable in this project are summarized,
thus:
i. To enable a safe transportation and distribution of processed gas from the Ibugben Flow
Station to Ogabiri-1 Manifold, en route the ELPS.
ii. To provide preventive or interventional remediation methods to check blockage of flows,
such as chemical injection, intelligent pigging, insulation, testing, swabbing, gauging,
compact filling, etc.
iii. To counteract environmental effects and operational loads.
iv. To check temperature and pressure loss, respectively.
v. To ensure compliance to pipeline design integrity, by compliance to standard pipeline design
specifications, the effective use of supports, etc, where necessary. Etc.
4.2. Pipe Route Criteria.
The pipeline routes are entirely based on the existing Ogabiri Gas Project ROW. This is selected based on
the criteria that all routings shall be done in such a way to check or minimize the geo-technological
hazards, such as areas with severe depressions, faults, volcanic eruptions, urbanization and civil
construction, as well as other identified and unidentified challenges as indicated on the route survey data.

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4.3 Operational and Design Parameters.
These are as applicable to the NGC – ELPS Gas Export Pipelines, as listed in Table 4.0, below.
TABLE 4.0: -Operational and Design Parameters.
Description Parameters SI Units Parameters
Imperial Units
Field life 25 years
Poisson’s ratio 0.3 0.3
Young Modulus 200 GPa 29,000 psi
Steel density 7850 kg/m3 490 lb/ft3
Steel thermal coefficient 1.17 x 10-5C-1 6.5 x 10-5F-1
Pipe validity 0.5 %
Design Factors
Design factor, f 0.80(Class 1 Division 1)
Weld joint factor, fe 1.0(for ASTM A 106 Seamless)
Temp. de-rating factor,
(temperature is less than 250 F)
1.0

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5.0. TECHNICAL FIELD DATA REPORT FOR 38” X 9KM IBUGBEN F/S
TO OGABIRI-1 M/F GAS PIELINE.
Table 5.0 Pipeline Dimensions.
Wall thickness[mm] 0.508
Design Temperature [0
C] 29.4
Joint Factor
Maximum Allowable Pressure
Distance[mm]
Elevation[mm]
Rough
Ambient Temperature[C]
Outside Diameter(do )
0.8
60 bar for API 5L X60
9,000,000
0.0
0.0254
29.4
1050.8 {by using B31.8 code equation}
Dimension Standard API 5L
Material description API 5L GRX60
Table 5.1 Ibugben Gas and Water Stream Conditions.
Stream Name: Ibugben Gas and Water Conditions.
Vapour/Phase Fraction 0.9921
Temperature (c) 28.39
Pressure (KPa) 4000
Molar Flow (mmscf/d) 5.026
Std idea Liq Vol Flow (m3
/h) 14.27
Molar Enthalpy (kJ/kgmole) -8.195e+004

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Molar Entropy (KJ/kgmole-C) 154.3
Heat Flow (KJ/h) -2.051e+007
Liq Vol Flow @ Std Cond (m3
/h) (empty)
Fluid package Basis – 2
Table 5.2 Ibugben Gas Out Stream Conditions.
Stream Name: Ibugben Gas Out. Conditions.
Vapour/Phase Fraction 0.9920
Temperature (c) 27.18
Pressure (KPa) 3993
Molar Flow (mmscf/d) 5.026
Std idea Liq Vol Flow (m3
/h) 14.27
Molar Enthalpy (kJ/kgmole) -8.195e+004
Molar Entropy (KJ/kgmole-C) 154.1
Heat Flow (KJ/h) -2.053e+007
Liq Vol Flow @ Std Cond (m3
/h) (empty)
Fluid package Basis – 2
Table 5.3 Ibugben Gas and Water Compositions.
Stream Name: Ibugben Gas and Water. Compositions.
CO2 0.007333

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Oxygen 0.000000
Nitrogen 0.004261
Methane 0.869351
i-Pentane 0.002775
n-Pentane 0.001090
Ethane 0.072537
Propane 0.017441
n –Hexane 0.003072
n –Butane 0.004162
i-Butane 0.007234
C7+
0.001685
H2O 0.009061
TEGlycol 0.000000
Table 5.4 Results of the Detailed Design and Engineering
S/N PARAMETER DESCRIPTION DATA UNIT
1 PROCESS IBUGBEN(Ibugben to Ogabiri-1
M/F)
1.1 Gas Inlet Temperature. 29.44 O
C
1.2 Gas Inlet Pressure. 4000 KPa
1.3 Gas Inlet Molar Flow. 4.98 MMSCFD
1.4 Pipeline Temperature Change. 1.994 O
C
1.5 Pipeline Pressure Drop. 4.785 KPa
1.6 Pipeline Heat-loss. 2.172e+004 KJ/h
1.7 Gas Outlet Temperature. 27.45 O
C
1.8 Gas Outlet Pressure. 3995 KPa

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1.9 Gas Outlet Molar Flow. 4.980 MMSCFD
1.10 Design life 25 Yrs
1.11 Minimum Bend Radius:
1.11.
1
Cold Bending Radius 10508 MM
1.11.
2
Hot Bending Radius 4203.2 MM
1.11.
3
With Other Bending Machines and
Devices
2101.6 MM
1.12 Pipe outside diameter 1050.8 MM
1.13 Pipe inside diameter 1025.4 MM
1.14 Pipe wall thickness (Mainline seasonal
swamp/land) section
12.7 MM
1.15 Pipe wall thickness (mainline
river/road crossing) section
NONE MM
1.16 Pipe wall thickness (Major barrels) 12.7 MM
1.17 Pipe Grade API 5L X60 NA
1.18 Flow Velocity Range 15.24 – 4.27 m/s
2 TOPOGRAPHICAL
2.1 Pipeline length 9.00 km
2.2 River Crossings None None
2.3 Rivers Crossing Block Valves
(Upstream/Down stream of Rivers
Crossings)
None None
2.4 Creek crossing ≥ 20m None None
2.5 Creek crossing < 20m None None
2.6 Road crossing ≥ 15m None None
2.7 Road crossing < 15m None None
2.8 Burial depth (underwater cover @
creeks) - below mudline.
None m
2.9 Burial Depth (underwater cover @
river crossing) – below mud cut.
None m
2.10 Burial Depth (minimum cover) – Rural
Road Crossing by
1.5 m
2.11 Burial Depth (Minimum cover below
undisturbed ground surface) – Major
Road Crossing by Thrust Bore
1.0 m
3. CORROSION CONTROL
3.1 Corrosion Allowance 0.1 mm/yr

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3.2 External Concrete Coating
(Swamp/River Sections)
80 mm
3.3 External Anti-Corrosion Coating (3-
Layer Polyethylene)
3.2 mm
3.4 Internal Coating None -NA-
3.5 Cathodic Protection (By Impressed
Current)
Yes -NA-
3.6 Corrosion Monitoring (By Intelligent
Pig)
Yes -NA-
3.7 Electrical Insulation (By Insulating
Joints @ above/below ground
transitions)
Yes -NA-
3.8 Corrosion Inhibition Yes Yes
4 ANCILLIARY EQUIPMENT
4.1 Pig Launcher / Receiver Yes No
4.2 Mixer Yes No
4.3 Slug Catcher Yes No
4.4 Water Splitter Yes No
4.5 Booster Compressor Yes No
5 ENVIRONMENTAL
5.1 Maximum Wind Speed. 20.5 m/s
5.2 Average Daily Relative
Humidity(Maximum)
97 %
Humidity(Minimum)
83 %
Humidity(Mean)
72 %
5.5 Ambient temperature (Maximum) 29.4 0
C
5.6 Ambient Temperature (Minimum) 18 0
C
5.7 Mean Maximum Hourly Rainfall 100 MM
5.8 Mean Maximum Monthly
Rainfall(occurs in September)
355 MM
5.9 Average Annual Rainfall 2800 MM

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Revision
: Y01 Status : IDC
:DESIGN
Rev. Date :20/11/2015
6.0 CONCLUSION.
This project was carefully executed with enough up-to-date science and technology, which guaranteed
strict compliance and attainment to internationally accepted standards of pipeline for transportation of
hydrocarbon natural gas, without compromising the ecological sanctity of the concerned area, being
guided with the Environmental Impact Assessment (E.I.A), conducted before the take off of this project
execution.
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS.
The choice of material and equipment, design, construction, maintenance as well as repair of equipment
and facilities covered by the industry guidelines shall comply with the latest edition of the references
listed below, unless specifically noted.
Document Hierarchy.
Should there be any conflicts with respect to any/some of the documents used in this project, reference
should be made to the following listed documents arranged in an order of descending priority, thus:
1. Nigerian Law.
2. The contract.
3. Ogabiri FEED approved documents.
4. WAGC Guidelines and Standards.
5. WAGC Design and Engineering Practices.
6. Industry Guidelines and Standards.
7. SPDC’s Kolo Creek – Rumuekpe T/L Replacement EIA Report.
8. The Guardian: www.ngrguardiannews.com>Features>Weekend.
9. Requirements Concerning Pipes and Pressure Vessels.
- International Association of Classification Societies.

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: Y01 Status : IDC
:DESIGN
Rev. Date :20/11/2015
10. Welded Steel Pipe Design Manual 2007.
(Merits, Design Standards, Technical and References)
American Iron and Steel Institute.
Publication Number D631-0807-e
11. Gas Transmission System Design and Selection-
Session 3 Gas Transmission System Design Material Selection EP.
12. Guidelines for the Design of Buried Pipe.
American Life Alliance.
July 2001(with added agenda through February 2005)
13. ASME B31.8: Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems.
49 CFR 192.619 (a) (1) (i)
14. Restoration of Right of Way
8, August 2008.< http://www.ngaa.org/cms/33/1339/65/84.aspx>
15. Trenching for New Pipelines.
8, August, 2008. <http:www.ngaa.org/cms/33/1339/65/73.aspx>
16. Stringing, Welding and Coating Pipe Segments.
8,August, 2008. <http://www.ngaa.org/cms/33/1339/65/70.aspx>
17.Assuring the Integrity of Natural Gas Pipeline.
Posakony,G.J. et al.
Topical Report. GRI-91/0366, Chicago, 1993.
18. The Design and Location of Gas Transmission Pipeline Using Risk analysis Techniques, Risk and
Reliability and Limit State Conference, Aberdeen, May 1996.
Hopkins P., Hopkins, H.F., I Corder.
19. Pipelines On land: Design, Construction and Installation, Steel for Oil and Gas, British Standard
Institute, 1992.
Anon. Code of Practice for Pipelines, BS 8010 Part 2.8.

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