The document discusses the impact of diverting natural gas supplies from the industrial sector to the power sector in Pakistan. It notes that this diversion has resulted in divisions amongst various stakeholders and presents challenges. It provides background on Pakistan's natural gas reserves and infrastructure as well as consumption trends by province and sector. The diversion of gas to address power shortages has negatively impacted fertilizer production and textile exports while increasing reliance on imported fuels. The document calls for an inclusive energy policy and prioritizing gas allocations according to economic value to maximize benefits.
The Status of Sovereignty, Mining and Extraction Rights of the Rim Nations of...IPPAI
The document discusses sovereignty disputes over islands and waters in the South China Sea between China, Taiwan, and ASEAN countries. It summarizes that:
1) The South China Sea contains potentially significant oil, gas, and mineral resources, as well as important shipping lanes.
2) There are ongoing disputes over ownership claims between China and countries like Vietnam and the Philippines.
3) A peaceful resolution is unlikely in the near future due to incompatible sovereignty claims, leaving development of energy resources ambiguous. Limited confrontations may continue instead of full military conflict.
Pakistan has the second largest gas infrastructure in the world, with over 9,843 km of transmission pipelines and 104,449 km of distribution pipelines serving over 6 million domestic and 78,794 commercial consumers. The country produces around 4,176 million cubic feet of natural gas per day from various fields. State-owned companies produce around 30% and 25% of the country's natural gas, while foreign companies such as OMV produce around 17% of the total. New fields continue to be discovered, but natural gas production is expected to decline over the next 15-25 years while demand increases, making Pakistan reliant on gas imports through pipelines from Iran and Turkmenistan or liquefied natural gas.
The major energy sectors in Pakistan are domestic, commercial, industrial, agricultural, transport, and government consumption. Domestic consumption has risen the most at 9% annually, while commercial, industrial, and transport have risen 2.8-4.6% and agriculture and government have fallen 7.1-1.4%. The main energy sources are oil, gas, LPG, coal, hydroelectricity, and nuclear electricity. In 2000-2001, primary energy supplies totaled 44.4 million TOE, with oil the largest at 19.3 million TOE. Development in Pakistan's energy sector has been progressing, with the commissioning of the Pak-Arab Refinery in 2001 and the Chashma Nuclear Power
The document provides an overview of Pakistan's energy sector, including its total energy consumption which stood at 63.1 MTOE in 2009-10. It notes Pakistan's reliance on non-renewable resources for over 70% of its energy needs. Key issues facing Pakistan's energy sector are growing demand, an imbalanced consumption mix relying too heavily on depleting resources, underdevelopment of domestic energy sources like Thar coal and hydropower, and poor governance. Addressing these challenges will require integrated energy planning, developing indigenous renewables, and improving governance and demand management.
The document provides an overview of key developments in energy, infrastructure, and communications sectors in India during the 11th Five Year Plan period. It discusses performance and initiatives in power generation and distribution, coal production, petroleum exploration and refining, railways, and other areas. Major challenges included delays and cost overruns in infrastructure projects, and lower than targeted growth in some sectors due to environmental and other issues.
Thar Coal, A Black Treasure OF Pakistan ( Series of Presentations, (No. 2/17)Malik Tariq Sarwar Awan
This is Series if Presentations, total 17 Presentations, this is No. 2, Next will be Hydel Power of Pakistan, Finally ending in last 4 presentations at Solutions to energy crises to Pakistan.
The document provides an overview of Pakistan's energy sector. It notes that energy is a key determinant of economic development. Pakistan's total energy consumption in 2009-10 was 63.1 million tons of oil equivalent. The majority of Pakistan's energy comes from natural gas and oil. However, there is a push to increase the use of domestic coal, hydropower, and renewables. Key challenges facing Pakistan's energy sector include a growing demand, reliance on imported fuels, underdevelopment of domestic resources, and poor governance. Addressing these issues through integrated energy planning and developing indigenous energy sources is seen as important for Pakistan's economic growth.
The Status of Sovereignty, Mining and Extraction Rights of the Rim Nations of...IPPAI
The document discusses sovereignty disputes over islands and waters in the South China Sea between China, Taiwan, and ASEAN countries. It summarizes that:
1) The South China Sea contains potentially significant oil, gas, and mineral resources, as well as important shipping lanes.
2) There are ongoing disputes over ownership claims between China and countries like Vietnam and the Philippines.
3) A peaceful resolution is unlikely in the near future due to incompatible sovereignty claims, leaving development of energy resources ambiguous. Limited confrontations may continue instead of full military conflict.
Pakistan has the second largest gas infrastructure in the world, with over 9,843 km of transmission pipelines and 104,449 km of distribution pipelines serving over 6 million domestic and 78,794 commercial consumers. The country produces around 4,176 million cubic feet of natural gas per day from various fields. State-owned companies produce around 30% and 25% of the country's natural gas, while foreign companies such as OMV produce around 17% of the total. New fields continue to be discovered, but natural gas production is expected to decline over the next 15-25 years while demand increases, making Pakistan reliant on gas imports through pipelines from Iran and Turkmenistan or liquefied natural gas.
The major energy sectors in Pakistan are domestic, commercial, industrial, agricultural, transport, and government consumption. Domestic consumption has risen the most at 9% annually, while commercial, industrial, and transport have risen 2.8-4.6% and agriculture and government have fallen 7.1-1.4%. The main energy sources are oil, gas, LPG, coal, hydroelectricity, and nuclear electricity. In 2000-2001, primary energy supplies totaled 44.4 million TOE, with oil the largest at 19.3 million TOE. Development in Pakistan's energy sector has been progressing, with the commissioning of the Pak-Arab Refinery in 2001 and the Chashma Nuclear Power
The document provides an overview of Pakistan's energy sector, including its total energy consumption which stood at 63.1 MTOE in 2009-10. It notes Pakistan's reliance on non-renewable resources for over 70% of its energy needs. Key issues facing Pakistan's energy sector are growing demand, an imbalanced consumption mix relying too heavily on depleting resources, underdevelopment of domestic energy sources like Thar coal and hydropower, and poor governance. Addressing these challenges will require integrated energy planning, developing indigenous renewables, and improving governance and demand management.
The document provides an overview of key developments in energy, infrastructure, and communications sectors in India during the 11th Five Year Plan period. It discusses performance and initiatives in power generation and distribution, coal production, petroleum exploration and refining, railways, and other areas. Major challenges included delays and cost overruns in infrastructure projects, and lower than targeted growth in some sectors due to environmental and other issues.
Thar Coal, A Black Treasure OF Pakistan ( Series of Presentations, (No. 2/17)Malik Tariq Sarwar Awan
This is Series if Presentations, total 17 Presentations, this is No. 2, Next will be Hydel Power of Pakistan, Finally ending in last 4 presentations at Solutions to energy crises to Pakistan.
The document provides an overview of Pakistan's energy sector. It notes that energy is a key determinant of economic development. Pakistan's total energy consumption in 2009-10 was 63.1 million tons of oil equivalent. The majority of Pakistan's energy comes from natural gas and oil. However, there is a push to increase the use of domestic coal, hydropower, and renewables. Key challenges facing Pakistan's energy sector include a growing demand, reliance on imported fuels, underdevelopment of domestic resources, and poor governance. Addressing these issues through integrated energy planning and developing indigenous energy sources is seen as important for Pakistan's economic growth.
The document discusses India's domestic and imported natural gas sources. Domestic gas is priced by the Indian government based on four international indices, while imported liquefied natural gas (RLNG) is priced with a floor linked to crude oil prices. As of 2015, gas-based power plants in India accounted for 14,305 MW of installed capacity but averaged a plant load factor of only 32% due to domestic gas supply constraints. Imported coal-based generation costs were lower than domestic gas-based costs. The document proposes implementing renewable portfolio obligations for gas-based power to help existing plants operate and blend gas generation with coal to balance India's fuel portfolio.
This document summarizes Bangladesh's Power System Master Plan from 2010. It outlines 6 plans to achieve the vision of stable power supply by 2030: 1) Develop domestic energy resources like coal and gas. 2) Establish a diversified fuel portfolio with 50% coal, 25% gas, and 25% other sources. 3) Introduce high efficiency technologies to reduce emissions. 4) Build necessary infrastructure through multi-sector cooperation. 5) Establish efficient regulations and organizations. 6) Reduce poverty through socioeconomic growth enabled by stable power. Key recommendations include prioritizing coal plant development and domestic coal mining as well as strengthening operations and maintenance capabilities.
Industrial Energy Consumption in Pakistan is the presentation based on the consumption of Energy (MTOE) and fuel types by different industrial sectors in Pakistan mainly cement, textile, fertilizer, sugar, brick kilns, steel industry and other small and medium sized industries.
Developing gas infrastructure in Indonesia's archipelagic geography presents unique challenges. As an island nation made up of over 13,000 islands spanning over 5,000 km east to west, connecting gas supplies to markets requires pipelines, ships and terminals. Current challenges include insufficient domestic infrastructure to utilize non-export gas, and balancing widely dispersed reserves with demand concentrated on Java. Lessons from the past show deals exchanging gas for oil and exporting pipeline gas to other countries can help monetize reserves. Future infrastructure plans include more pipelines, receiving terminals and a virtual pipeline clustering system to link reserves to markets within a regional and international context.
NEPRA plays a key role in restructuring Pakistan's power sector. It was established in 1995 through a presidential ordinance to facilitate the transition from a state-run monopoly to a competitive market-driven system. NEPRA grants licenses, determines tariffs and standards, and safeguards stakeholders' interests. It has helped corporatize and privatize generation and distribution companies. The power sector now includes multiple public and private generators, distributors and consumers.
This document provides operational data and statistics for Bangladesh's power sector for fiscal years 2004-2005 and 2005-2006 (up to March 2006). Some key highlights:
- Total installed capacity increased from 5025 MW to 5275 MW. Generation capability grew from 4030 MW to 4385 MW.
- Peak demand served rose from 3751 MW to 3812 MW. Net energy generated declined slightly from 21408 mkWh to 16894 mkWh.
- System transmission and distribution losses decreased from 22.79% to 20.97%. Distribution losses varied among utilities, ranging from 12.53% to 20.19%.
- The number of consumers grew from 8.8 million to 9.53 million
Iran has the world's largest proven natural gas reserves, but development has been slowed by sanctions; the country relies heavily on natural gas domestically but also aims to export gas through pipelines to neighbors and develop liquefied natural gas export projects. However, low global gas prices and surplus supply pose challenges for Iran's goal of increasing its role in international natural gas trade.
The document summarizes Bangladesh's present energy situation. Natural gas meets over 75% of the country's commercial energy needs but supplies are short of demand. Petroleum is entirely imported. Other energy sources include hydroelectricity, coal, and renewable sources like solar, wind and biomass. The government has short, medium, and long term plans to address energy issues through rental power plants, coal and gas-fired power plants, and nuclear power. Recent private sector renewable energy initiatives include solar home systems, solar power plants, and planned wind power. The energy sector has seen increased generation capacity and electrification over time but challenges remain in meeting rapidly growing demand.
Coal pricing(Domestic and International)Rahul Sharma
The document discusses the history and process of coal pricing in India. It begins by explaining that coal pricing was historically controlled by the central government but has gradually been deregulated over time. It then outlines the multi-step process that is currently used to determine coal prices, which involves calculating weighted average costs, adding other cost elements, distributing the average price among coal grades, and applying normative corrections. The summary also notes that coal prices are now set by coal companies like Coal India in consultation with the coal ministry and includes periodic escalations.
Pakistan's energy sector requires reforms including developing an integrated energy plan, deregulating the sector to encourage private investment, consolidating ministries into one authority, building regulator capacity, attracting investment through pricing and distribution reforms while exploring new sources like shale gas, increasing generation efficiency, reducing transmission losses, diversifying the energy mix to favor clean coal and renewables alongside micro hydel, prioritizing energy conservation, and first addressing the circular debt issues plaguing the sector.
Indonesia lng to support development of power and industry domestic sampe ...Sampe Purba
The document discusses Indonesia's efforts to meet growing domestic demand for natural gas through LNG imports and infrastructure development. It summarizes SKK Migas' role in managing upstream oil and gas to support economic growth and ensure fair returns. It also outlines Indonesia's shifting focus to gas to fuel power plants and industry, the rising gas demand projections, and plans to construct new pipelines and floating storage regasification units to deliver gas across the country.
This document provides an overview of Bangladesh's energy sector, including its main sources of energy like natural gas, petroleum, coal, and electricity. Natural gas plays an important role in Bangladesh's economy and is used for domestic, industrial, and agricultural purposes. While gas production and electricity generation have increased over time, demand continues to outpace supply. Bangladesh relies heavily on natural gas but reserves are only sufficient until 2021, so alternatives will need to be developed. The electricity sector has also expanded generation capacity in recent years through both public and private sector investments, but aging infrastructure and gas shortages have prevented peak capacity from being reached. Petroleum production is low so Bangladesh imports most of its oil needs.
This document provides an overview and analysis of coal trends in India in 2015, including domestic coal production and demand as well as imported coal. It examines supply and demand dynamics for both coking and non-coking coal between 2015-2022. The document also discusses the cost dynamics of domestic coal mining, logistics of transporting domestic coal, and the role of coal washing. Additionally, it tracks major imported coal sources for India and analyzes prices and deals in the international coal market. The accompanying database provides details on over 700 operational and upcoming domestic and imported coal mines and assets in India.
This document provides an overview of the extensive coal sector knowledgebase and database provided by Infraline Knowledge Services on Energy. The database covers all aspects of the Indian coal sector including industry overview, regulations, company profiles, coal production and reserves, imports/exports, prices, transport infrastructure, and more. It is updated daily with newsletters, reports, analyses and has over 20GB of information. The database can be searched and filtered in various ways to access relevant coal industry data and insights.
Pakistan relies heavily on imported oil and gas to meet its energy needs. It has some domestic oil and gas reserves but production is low. Major fossil fuel reserves include an estimated 314 million barrels of oil and 28.9 trillion cubic feet of natural gas. Coal reserves are estimated at 186 billion tons but production is only a few million tons annually. Renewable energy sources like solar, wind and hydro have growing potential but remain underdeveloped. The energy sector is dominated by thermal power plants using imported fossil fuels, while domestic oil and gas production and coal mining are more limited. Households and industry are the largest consumers of energy in Pakistan.
The document discusses Pakistan's energy sector, including sources of energy like thermal, hydel, nuclear, and non-conventional sources. It outlines the development of Pakistan's national energy base through organizations like WAPDA and discusses the current energy crisis characterized by electricity and gas shortfalls. Causes of the crisis include circular debt, theft of electricity, high fuel costs, and growing demand. Recommendations include utilizing local gas reserves, pursuing gas import pipelines from countries like Qatar, Turkmenistan and Iran, developing hydropower, and promoting alternative energy sources.
Overview of Power Generation Sector of Bangladesh and Proposed Grid Connected...IJERA Editor
This document provides an overview of the power generation sector in Bangladesh and proposes a grid-connected hybrid renewable energy system. It discusses the country's current dependence on natural gas for power generation. It also outlines various renewable energy resources available in Bangladesh including solar, wind, hydro, and biogas. Finally, it proposes a hybrid system that would connect hydro, biomass, solar, and wind generation sources to both AC and DC buses to power local loads. When generation exceeds load, excess power would be fed to the national grid, and the grid could also supplement the system during high demand periods. This hybrid approach aims to reduce reliance on the national grid in rural areas using sustainable clean energy sources.
The document discusses India's growing energy needs, especially for electricity and natural gas, projecting a 4 to 6-fold increase in demand over the next 25 years. It outlines India's current domestic gas supply and imports, explores various pipeline options to import gas from neighboring countries, and examines the history and structure of gas pricing in India.
The document provides an overview of coal trading and discusses the following key points:
- It covers 4 sessions on coal basics, coal trade, contracts and quality, and trading coal and price risk management.
- Session 1 introduces coal classification, properties, mining methods, uses in electricity generation, steel and cement production.
- Session 2 discusses India's large coal reserves, domestic production and imports, key exporting countries and their infrastructure. India's dependence on coal imports is increasing due to stagnant domestic production.
- Session 3 covers typical coal contracts, quality parameters, sampling issues, and the supply chain. Contracts specify parameters like ash, calorific value and penalties for deviations.
- Session 4
Presentation of Ministry of Energy and Minesswgardlao
The document summarizes the achievement of Laos' 5-year energy and mining development plan from 2006-2010 and outlines the plan for 2011-2015. Key points:
1) From 2006-2010, the energy and mining sector grew at an average of 20% per year. Electricity capacity increased to 1,830 MW through new dams and transmission lines expanded to 70% of households.
2) The 2011-2015 plan aims to increase contribution of the energy and mining sector to 25% of GDP through 12% annual growth. New dams would add 3,436 MW of capacity and 80% of households would gain electricity access.
3) Transmission networks and export of electricity to neighboring countries like
Sui Southern Gas Company Limited has invested $2.5 billion over five years in downstream gas development. This includes expanding its transmission and distribution network through 1888 km of pipelines and increasing processing capacity to 790 MMSCFD. The distribution network now covers 809,105 consumers across 52 towns and cities in Sindh and Baluchistan. SSGC also implemented a SCADA system for centralized monitoring and control to improve efficiency and reliability of operations.
Nighat Seema presented an analysis on energy in Pakistan to Nighat Seema on July 15, 2013. The presentation provided an overview of energy generating firms and sources of energy in Pakistan. It noted that energy plays an important role in economic development but that Pakistan's supply and consumption of energy is below average. It further detailed the major types of energy production in Pakistan, breakdown of energy usage, key energy generating companies and sources, and challenges facing Pakistan's energy sector like increasing demand and supply shortages.
The document discusses India's domestic and imported natural gas sources. Domestic gas is priced by the Indian government based on four international indices, while imported liquefied natural gas (RLNG) is priced with a floor linked to crude oil prices. As of 2015, gas-based power plants in India accounted for 14,305 MW of installed capacity but averaged a plant load factor of only 32% due to domestic gas supply constraints. Imported coal-based generation costs were lower than domestic gas-based costs. The document proposes implementing renewable portfolio obligations for gas-based power to help existing plants operate and blend gas generation with coal to balance India's fuel portfolio.
This document summarizes Bangladesh's Power System Master Plan from 2010. It outlines 6 plans to achieve the vision of stable power supply by 2030: 1) Develop domestic energy resources like coal and gas. 2) Establish a diversified fuel portfolio with 50% coal, 25% gas, and 25% other sources. 3) Introduce high efficiency technologies to reduce emissions. 4) Build necessary infrastructure through multi-sector cooperation. 5) Establish efficient regulations and organizations. 6) Reduce poverty through socioeconomic growth enabled by stable power. Key recommendations include prioritizing coal plant development and domestic coal mining as well as strengthening operations and maintenance capabilities.
Industrial Energy Consumption in Pakistan is the presentation based on the consumption of Energy (MTOE) and fuel types by different industrial sectors in Pakistan mainly cement, textile, fertilizer, sugar, brick kilns, steel industry and other small and medium sized industries.
Developing gas infrastructure in Indonesia's archipelagic geography presents unique challenges. As an island nation made up of over 13,000 islands spanning over 5,000 km east to west, connecting gas supplies to markets requires pipelines, ships and terminals. Current challenges include insufficient domestic infrastructure to utilize non-export gas, and balancing widely dispersed reserves with demand concentrated on Java. Lessons from the past show deals exchanging gas for oil and exporting pipeline gas to other countries can help monetize reserves. Future infrastructure plans include more pipelines, receiving terminals and a virtual pipeline clustering system to link reserves to markets within a regional and international context.
NEPRA plays a key role in restructuring Pakistan's power sector. It was established in 1995 through a presidential ordinance to facilitate the transition from a state-run monopoly to a competitive market-driven system. NEPRA grants licenses, determines tariffs and standards, and safeguards stakeholders' interests. It has helped corporatize and privatize generation and distribution companies. The power sector now includes multiple public and private generators, distributors and consumers.
This document provides operational data and statistics for Bangladesh's power sector for fiscal years 2004-2005 and 2005-2006 (up to March 2006). Some key highlights:
- Total installed capacity increased from 5025 MW to 5275 MW. Generation capability grew from 4030 MW to 4385 MW.
- Peak demand served rose from 3751 MW to 3812 MW. Net energy generated declined slightly from 21408 mkWh to 16894 mkWh.
- System transmission and distribution losses decreased from 22.79% to 20.97%. Distribution losses varied among utilities, ranging from 12.53% to 20.19%.
- The number of consumers grew from 8.8 million to 9.53 million
Iran has the world's largest proven natural gas reserves, but development has been slowed by sanctions; the country relies heavily on natural gas domestically but also aims to export gas through pipelines to neighbors and develop liquefied natural gas export projects. However, low global gas prices and surplus supply pose challenges for Iran's goal of increasing its role in international natural gas trade.
The document summarizes Bangladesh's present energy situation. Natural gas meets over 75% of the country's commercial energy needs but supplies are short of demand. Petroleum is entirely imported. Other energy sources include hydroelectricity, coal, and renewable sources like solar, wind and biomass. The government has short, medium, and long term plans to address energy issues through rental power plants, coal and gas-fired power plants, and nuclear power. Recent private sector renewable energy initiatives include solar home systems, solar power plants, and planned wind power. The energy sector has seen increased generation capacity and electrification over time but challenges remain in meeting rapidly growing demand.
Coal pricing(Domestic and International)Rahul Sharma
The document discusses the history and process of coal pricing in India. It begins by explaining that coal pricing was historically controlled by the central government but has gradually been deregulated over time. It then outlines the multi-step process that is currently used to determine coal prices, which involves calculating weighted average costs, adding other cost elements, distributing the average price among coal grades, and applying normative corrections. The summary also notes that coal prices are now set by coal companies like Coal India in consultation with the coal ministry and includes periodic escalations.
Pakistan's energy sector requires reforms including developing an integrated energy plan, deregulating the sector to encourage private investment, consolidating ministries into one authority, building regulator capacity, attracting investment through pricing and distribution reforms while exploring new sources like shale gas, increasing generation efficiency, reducing transmission losses, diversifying the energy mix to favor clean coal and renewables alongside micro hydel, prioritizing energy conservation, and first addressing the circular debt issues plaguing the sector.
Indonesia lng to support development of power and industry domestic sampe ...Sampe Purba
The document discusses Indonesia's efforts to meet growing domestic demand for natural gas through LNG imports and infrastructure development. It summarizes SKK Migas' role in managing upstream oil and gas to support economic growth and ensure fair returns. It also outlines Indonesia's shifting focus to gas to fuel power plants and industry, the rising gas demand projections, and plans to construct new pipelines and floating storage regasification units to deliver gas across the country.
This document provides an overview of Bangladesh's energy sector, including its main sources of energy like natural gas, petroleum, coal, and electricity. Natural gas plays an important role in Bangladesh's economy and is used for domestic, industrial, and agricultural purposes. While gas production and electricity generation have increased over time, demand continues to outpace supply. Bangladesh relies heavily on natural gas but reserves are only sufficient until 2021, so alternatives will need to be developed. The electricity sector has also expanded generation capacity in recent years through both public and private sector investments, but aging infrastructure and gas shortages have prevented peak capacity from being reached. Petroleum production is low so Bangladesh imports most of its oil needs.
This document provides an overview and analysis of coal trends in India in 2015, including domestic coal production and demand as well as imported coal. It examines supply and demand dynamics for both coking and non-coking coal between 2015-2022. The document also discusses the cost dynamics of domestic coal mining, logistics of transporting domestic coal, and the role of coal washing. Additionally, it tracks major imported coal sources for India and analyzes prices and deals in the international coal market. The accompanying database provides details on over 700 operational and upcoming domestic and imported coal mines and assets in India.
This document provides an overview of the extensive coal sector knowledgebase and database provided by Infraline Knowledge Services on Energy. The database covers all aspects of the Indian coal sector including industry overview, regulations, company profiles, coal production and reserves, imports/exports, prices, transport infrastructure, and more. It is updated daily with newsletters, reports, analyses and has over 20GB of information. The database can be searched and filtered in various ways to access relevant coal industry data and insights.
Pakistan relies heavily on imported oil and gas to meet its energy needs. It has some domestic oil and gas reserves but production is low. Major fossil fuel reserves include an estimated 314 million barrels of oil and 28.9 trillion cubic feet of natural gas. Coal reserves are estimated at 186 billion tons but production is only a few million tons annually. Renewable energy sources like solar, wind and hydro have growing potential but remain underdeveloped. The energy sector is dominated by thermal power plants using imported fossil fuels, while domestic oil and gas production and coal mining are more limited. Households and industry are the largest consumers of energy in Pakistan.
The document discusses Pakistan's energy sector, including sources of energy like thermal, hydel, nuclear, and non-conventional sources. It outlines the development of Pakistan's national energy base through organizations like WAPDA and discusses the current energy crisis characterized by electricity and gas shortfalls. Causes of the crisis include circular debt, theft of electricity, high fuel costs, and growing demand. Recommendations include utilizing local gas reserves, pursuing gas import pipelines from countries like Qatar, Turkmenistan and Iran, developing hydropower, and promoting alternative energy sources.
Overview of Power Generation Sector of Bangladesh and Proposed Grid Connected...IJERA Editor
This document provides an overview of the power generation sector in Bangladesh and proposes a grid-connected hybrid renewable energy system. It discusses the country's current dependence on natural gas for power generation. It also outlines various renewable energy resources available in Bangladesh including solar, wind, hydro, and biogas. Finally, it proposes a hybrid system that would connect hydro, biomass, solar, and wind generation sources to both AC and DC buses to power local loads. When generation exceeds load, excess power would be fed to the national grid, and the grid could also supplement the system during high demand periods. This hybrid approach aims to reduce reliance on the national grid in rural areas using sustainable clean energy sources.
The document discusses India's growing energy needs, especially for electricity and natural gas, projecting a 4 to 6-fold increase in demand over the next 25 years. It outlines India's current domestic gas supply and imports, explores various pipeline options to import gas from neighboring countries, and examines the history and structure of gas pricing in India.
The document provides an overview of coal trading and discusses the following key points:
- It covers 4 sessions on coal basics, coal trade, contracts and quality, and trading coal and price risk management.
- Session 1 introduces coal classification, properties, mining methods, uses in electricity generation, steel and cement production.
- Session 2 discusses India's large coal reserves, domestic production and imports, key exporting countries and their infrastructure. India's dependence on coal imports is increasing due to stagnant domestic production.
- Session 3 covers typical coal contracts, quality parameters, sampling issues, and the supply chain. Contracts specify parameters like ash, calorific value and penalties for deviations.
- Session 4
Presentation of Ministry of Energy and Minesswgardlao
The document summarizes the achievement of Laos' 5-year energy and mining development plan from 2006-2010 and outlines the plan for 2011-2015. Key points:
1) From 2006-2010, the energy and mining sector grew at an average of 20% per year. Electricity capacity increased to 1,830 MW through new dams and transmission lines expanded to 70% of households.
2) The 2011-2015 plan aims to increase contribution of the energy and mining sector to 25% of GDP through 12% annual growth. New dams would add 3,436 MW of capacity and 80% of households would gain electricity access.
3) Transmission networks and export of electricity to neighboring countries like
Sui Southern Gas Company Limited has invested $2.5 billion over five years in downstream gas development. This includes expanding its transmission and distribution network through 1888 km of pipelines and increasing processing capacity to 790 MMSCFD. The distribution network now covers 809,105 consumers across 52 towns and cities in Sindh and Baluchistan. SSGC also implemented a SCADA system for centralized monitoring and control to improve efficiency and reliability of operations.
Nighat Seema presented an analysis on energy in Pakistan to Nighat Seema on July 15, 2013. The presentation provided an overview of energy generating firms and sources of energy in Pakistan. It noted that energy plays an important role in economic development but that Pakistan's supply and consumption of energy is below average. It further detailed the major types of energy production in Pakistan, breakdown of energy usage, key energy generating companies and sources, and challenges facing Pakistan's energy sector like increasing demand and supply shortages.
South Africa’s is facing chronic power supply problems.
At present power supplies are tight causing load shedding at times. Problems being experienced in building new generating and distribution capacity to meet on-going growth in demand.
New build gas- to- power is seen as one of the ways to tackle South Africa’s power shortages. This presentation looks at some of the solutions under consideration.
Sui Southern Gas Company (SSGC) is Pakistan’s leading integrated gas Company. The company is engaged in
the business of transmission and distribution of natural gas besides construction of high pressure transmission
and low pressure distribution systems.
SSGCL transmission system extends from Sui in Baluchistan to Karachi in Sind comprising over 3,220 KM of
high pressure pipeline ranging from 12 – 24″ in diameter. The company also owns and operates the only gas
meter manufacturing plant in the country, having an annual production capacity of over 750,000 meters.
The Company is managed by an autonomous Board of Directors for policy guidelines and overall control.
Presently, SSGC’s Board comprises of 14 members
Natural Resources of Sindh By Aamir Ali Mugheri bba ii presentationAamir Ali Mugheri
This document discusses natural resources in Pakistan, focusing on coal, natural gas, and crude oil. It provides information on the types and usage of each resource. Key points include:
- Sindh province contains over 99% of Pakistan's coal reserves. Coal is used for industrial, utility, and export purposes.
- Natural gas types include LPG, LNG, CNG, and FLNG. It is used for heating, power generation, industry, transportation, and manufacturing. Sindh produces over 70% of Pakistan's total gas.
- Crude oil production is highest in Sindh at 56% of Pakistan's total. It is used in industry, vehicles, power generation,
Sui Southern Gas Company (SSGC) in Pakistan deployed an innovative geographic information system (GIS) running on an IBM POWER7-based system to improve its ability to track supply and demand patterns for natural gas. The solution overlays digital maps with operational and financial data, enabling SSGC to visualize and analyze data geospatially. This provides better insight into issues like gas leakages and unaccounted-for gas. The new system using IBM Cognos software replaced outdated paper maps and manual reporting, allowing SSGC to more efficiently match supply and demand.
Top three export commodities of pakistantayyabaways
The document discusses Pakistan's top three export commodities: rice, cotton textiles, and leather goods. It provides details on rice exports, including that rice is Pakistan's largest agricultural export. It notes that basmati rice exports had declined but were rebounding. It also discusses the textiles industry and exports, which had grown 7% in the first three quarters of the fiscal year. International trade data on rice is also presented, with Thailand, Vietnam, India and Pakistan listed as the main rice exporters globally.
The document discusses Pakistan's power generation sources and electricity crisis. It outlines that Pakistan faces a significant shortage between electricity supply and demand of 6,000-8,000 megawatts. This results in daily power outages of 20-22 hours in cities and rural areas respectively. The gap is caused by low productivity, transmission line losses, and increasing demand. Sustainable energy use and careful planning are needed to balance energy needs with community needs.
The document discusses the potential for shale oil and gas production in Pakistan. It begins by providing background on shale formations and the history of shale gas extraction. It then reviews global shale oil and gas resources and production, particularly in the United States. Technological and economic benefits of shale production are examined for both global and Pakistan-specific contexts. Environmental aspects and concerns related to various stages of shale extraction processes are also outlined. The document concludes by recommending that Pakistan establish policies and conduct thorough feasibility studies to minimize environmental impacts and ensure safe shale production.
The document is an internship report prepared by Samad Saleem Bombaywala for his internship at Sui Southern Gas Company (SSGC) from February 3rd to March 17th, 2014. It provides an overview of SSGC, including its vision, mission and main functions. It describes the author's experience and duties during the internship. It also discusses the different divisions within SSGC's Finance Department, including Treasury Functions, Finance and Accounts. The Treasury Functions division manages funds, payments, revenue control and bank reconciliation.
This document provides an overview of a combined cycle power plant, including its components and operations. It discusses the gas turbine generator, heat recovery steam generator (HRSG), water treatment plant, generator, transformer, switchyard, and specifications of equipment. The plant uses natural gas to power gas turbine generators and an HRSG to produce steam for a steam turbine, maximizing efficiency through heat recovery.
"Abdul Ghaffar and Sons" is expanding constantly as manpower resource of Asia, and invites everyone openly to be the part of this growth, with one of the best manpower recruiting agency. We top the list of manpower recruitment agencies in Pakistan. We have our name associated with the largest companies in Middle East especially in UAE and Saudi Arabia, as one of the best and trusted manpower recruitment agency, which is playing a key role as manpower consultant in Pakistan since more than two decades. We deal with the promise to find the best available option for you without wasting your time and money. As a very professional and consigned human resource consultant, we believe in long term commitments and exquisite services for the clients, either jobseeker or employer. This is the basic reason we top in the list of manpower recruitment agencies in Pakistan.upload your CV to http://jobsleed.com/cv/ for more information visit our website http //www.ghaffarsons.com/
Gas Market Outlook & LNG Business Fundamentalsenalytica
An overview of global natural gas markets and the fundamentals of the LNG business, presented to the Legislative Budget and Audit Committee of the Alaska State Legislature on January 28, 2014
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SAARC Energy Ring - a Vision to Promote Energy Security in South AsiaIPPAI
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Gas for Power Generation or for Industry - A case for Pakistan
1. In the name of Allah, The Most Beneficent, The Most Merciful 1
2. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT, ISLAMABAD
14th Mid Career Management Course
Current Issue Presentation
on
Impact of Diversion of Gas from
Industrial to Power Sector
Presented by: Bilal Khan Pasha, Commerce & Trade Group
Sponsor DS: Mr. Javaid Iqbal
November 28, 2012
2
3. Sequence of Presentation
o Statement of Problem
o Introduction & Genesis of Issue at hand
o Broad Contours of the Issue
o Problems & Challenges
o Analysis
o Results & Future Scenario
o Conclusion
o Recommendations
o Questions & Answers 3
4. Statement of Problem
The diversion of precious and scarce natural Gas resource from
Industrial to Power Sector in Pakistan has resulted in the
emergence of sharp divisions amongst Power Producers,
Industries and Consumers – A case of Catch-22 for the Federal
Government
4
5. Sources for Presentation
o Economic Survey of Pakistan 2011-12
o Pakistan Energy Year Book 2011-12
o Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Resources
o Ministry of Industries
o Ministry of Production
5
6. Sources for Presentation
o Planning Division
o Oil & Gas Regulatory Authority (OGRA)
o All Pakistan Textile Mills Association (APTMA)
o Karachi Electricity Supply Company (KESC)
o International Energy Agency (IEA)
6
7. Natural Gas in Pakistan – Brief Facts
o Natural Gas – Gift of Nature & Precious Resource
o Use of Natural Gas
o According to IEA, global natural gas proven reserves are 300 trillion
cubic meters
o Pakistan has proven reserves of 840 billion cubic meters (28 TCF) with
an Annual Consumption of 40 billion cubic meters (1.3 TCF)
o No uniform international natural gas prices
7
8. Pakistan’s Primary Energy Supplies
2011-12
65 Million TOE
Natural Gas
Value of Natural Gas: $4.3 50.5%
billion
(4 BCFD)
Value of Coal
Local: $ 0.2 billion
Imported: $ 0.5 billon
Coal
6.3%
Value of Local Crude: $2.4 billion
(67,000 Barrel/Day)
Electricity
Oil Import Bill: $14.5 billion Oil 12.5%
(36% of total imports) 30.7%
(380,000 barrels/Day) Source: Economic Survey of Pakistan 2011-12
8
9. Pakistan’s Natural Gas
Infrastructure
Peshawar
Consumers: 6.7 Million (1.6 million)
Transmission Network: 11,045 Km (879Km) Islamabad
Distribution Network: 128,758 Km (38,828 Km)
No. of Cities/Towns on gas: 307
No. of Villages on gas: 4,989
Lahore
Faisalabad
Quetta
Multan
Sui
AC1X-SUI
GAS FIELDS (156)
Sukkur
SSGC LINES
SNGPL LINES
COMPRESSOR
STATIONS (17)
Source: Ministry of MAJOR LOAD
Karachi Petroleum & Natural
9
Resources
CENTRE (5)
10. Province Wise Gas Supply and Consumption
(2011-12)
10
MMCFD
Gas Supply: 3,862 MMCFD Gas Consumption: 3,511 MMCFD
Punjab
182
5% Baloch. [CATEG
Baloch. 242 ORY
KPK
667 360 7% NAME], [
18% 9% VALUE],
43.6%
Sind, [V
ALUE], 4 KPK
4.5% 175
Sind, [VAL
5%
UE], [PERC
ENTAGE]
Source: MPNR
10
11. Province Wise Gas Supply and Consumption
(2011-12)
11
Gas Supply Gas Consumption
Province MMCFD % share MMCFD % share
Punjab 182 4.7 % 1531 43.6 %
KPK 362 9.4 % 175 5.0 %
Sind 2649 68.6 % 1563 44.5 %
Baloch. 669 17.3 % 242 6.9 %
Total 3862 100 % 3511 100 %
Source: MPNR 11
12. Province Wise Gas Consumers
12
as on 30.06.2012
SNGPL SSGCL
Province /
Type Punjab KPK Sindh Balochistan Total
Domestic 3,594,937 516,871 2,239,731 223,853 6,575,392
Commercial 47,149 8,757 22,296 2,200 80,402
Industrial 5,798 830 4,077 56 10,761
Total 3,647,884 526,458 2,266,104 226,109 6,666,555
Source: MPNR
12
15. Measures to Augment Gas Supplies (Imports)
Project Volume (MMCFD) First Flow
Transnational pipelines
Iran-Pakistan 750 2015
TAPI 1,325 2016
2,075
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
Fast Track 200 June-2013
Long Term-1 400 Q1-2015
Long Term-2 400 Q2-2015
1,000
LPG Air-Mix (SNG)
SSGC 100 Q2-2013
SNGPL 150 Q3-2013
250
Total 3,325 Source: MPNR 15
16. Gas Allocation and Management Policy, 2005
S.No Category of Consumers Priority
1. Domestic and Commercial Sectors First
I) Fertilizer Sector; and
2. Second
II) Industrial Sector to the extent of their process gas
Independent Power Plants as well as WAPDA and KESC’s
3. Third
Power Plants having firm gas supply commitment under GSAs
General Industrial, CNG Sector and Captive Power Producers
4. Fourth
of export oriented Textile Industry
I) WAPDA’s and KESC Power Plants other than those listed
5. against S.no. 3 above Fifth
II) Captive Power Sector
6. Cement Sector Sixth
There is no gas load management in Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa and Balochistan 16
17. Current Load Management
Presently, following curtailment policy is being observed:-
• Two gas holidays per week are being observed by Industrial Sector
• Three gas holidays per week are being observed by CNG sector
• No curtailment in any sector in KPK in light of decision of
Peshawar High Court under Article 158 of the Constitution
• No curtailment in the Domestic and Commercial sectors
17
18. Why the Use of Gas So Desirable ?
Industry incl. Fertilizer
Feedstock for
manufacturing
Only raw material for
production
Optimal use of scarce
Power Sector resource Domestic
Consumers
Cheap fuel
Uninterrupted power
Assured Supplies
Cheap fuel for heating
& transportation
Natural
Gas
18
19. Gas Sale Prices Effective from July 1, 2012
Final
A. Domestic Sector Monthly consumption Level Sale Prices Cess Price
Slab Cubic Meter MMBTU Rs/MMBTU Rs/MMBTU
1st 0-100 0 - 3.5494 100 - 100
2nd 101-300 3.5495 - 10.6482 200 - 200
3rd 301-500 10.6483 - 17.747 500 - 500
501-700 17.7471 - 24.8458 500 - 500
Bulk Domestic 500 - 500
B. Commercial Consumer 600 - 600
C. Industry including Captive 460 50 510
D. Power (WAPDA/KESC) 460 100 560
E. Independent Power Plants (IPPs) 460 100 560
F. Cement 700 - 700
G. CNG
Zone-1 (KPK, Baluchistan & Potohar Region 618.5 263.6 882.1
Zone-2 (Sindh & Punjab (Excluding Potohar)) 618.5 200 818.5
H. Fertilizer-Feed Stock
Old Plants 116.3 197 313.3
New Plants/Addl. Volume for BMR 60.7 - 60.7
I. Direct Sales to WAPDA
Kandhkot/Sara/Sui/Mari to Guddu 460 100 560
19
Source: OGRA
20. Diversion of Gas from Industrial to Power Sector
• Gas is being supplied to Power Sector as per
commitments of gas supply agreements.
• During Energy Conference held in April 2012, it was
decided to divert 207 mmcfd gas to Power Sector till
September 2012 to address the severe electricity
shortfall during summer.
• The gas was diverted from Fertilizer Industry from
SNGPL system.
• However, the general Industry has agreement of gas
supplies on nine months basis and will run on alternate
fuels during winters.
20
21. Impact of Diversion of Gas from
Industrial to Power Sector
Power Industrial
Sector Sector
21
22. Impact of Diversion of Gas from Industrial to Power
Sector
• Depleting gas • Lack of committed • 90% industry
Fertilizer Industry
allocation (504 to gas supply causing dependent on CPP
Textile Industry
Power Sector
337 BCF) huge production • $ 14 billion
• Higher losses (2.7 million exports in 2011-12
dependence on tons) • Gas cuts causing
imported furnace • Import of 30% redundant
oil ($ 7 billion) fertilizers (Rs. 140 production
• High cost of billion) capacity
electricity & tariffs • A highly leveraged • 15 million
(Rs. 16/- per unit) industry (Rs. 150 employed workers
• Circular debt (Rs. billion)
300 billion +)
22
23. Issues in Gas Sector
• Natural decline in production of existing fields
• Heavy reliance on gas because of policy distortion
• Delays in import projects – LNG, IP, LPG
• Delays in linking new discovered fields with the supply
network
• Massive and uneconomic expansion of distribution
network in domestic sector
23
24. Issues in Gas Sector
• Unattractive economic and financial returns for the
exploration companies
• Pricing of competing fuels
• Theft, sabotage and UFG
• Circular debt
24
25. Economic Evaluation of Natural Gas Use
• International
Resource
Pakistan Group + Asian
Development
Integrated Energy Bank +
Model Energy Wing
of Planning
Commission
Model to
examine the • Setting up
economic reference
scenario for
impacts of studying the
changing gas energy mix of
Pakistan
priority
Gas has a higher
economic value • Simulation,
for fertilizer assessment
production and
conclusion
compared to
power sector
25
26. Recommendations
Expediting Import
of Gas & Gas
Exploration
No Gas
Allocation to
Inefficient Power
Plants
Performance
Audit of SSGC &
SNGPL viz-a-viz
Gas Allocation
Policy
Strict
Adherence to
Prioritization
of Gas
Allocations
26
27. We need an all-inclusive policy that
revitalizes every sector of the economy,
not just a few individuals or industrial
groups. Fortunately, we have the solution
to the present energy crisis. We only
need our decision makers to take the
right step now, before it is too late !
27
I am indebted to my sponsor DS Javaid Iqbal Sb who not only guided me but also clarified certain concepts.
Sequence of presentation would be that I ll first highlight the issue at hand; its brief details; how and when it began; a holistic picture of the issue; associated problems; analysis of the present situation; results obtained so far and based on those results the future scenarios, followed by Conclusion substantiated by certain Studies carried out. I ll then present few recommendations and then of course Q&As
Now that refers to the Catch 22 situation whereby the Govt either cannot or is not able to avoid the problem because of contradictory constraints. These are such situations in which solving one part of the problem only creates another problem which ultimately leads back to the original problem. In Persian its Na jayeraftan, napaye Mandan !This term was coined by Joseph Heller in his novel catch 22
The short timeframe given for the presentation made me source more from the reading material and less from the interaction with concerned stakeholders. Nonetheless the sources are …..
Gas is not found on large scales as that of Oil… only 90 countries of the world have proven reserves of gas and only 5 countries like Russia, Iran, Qatar, Turkmenistan and USA account for 60% of the world’s proven reserves.Use of Natural Gas are many since its popular use from 1930s onwards…Heating, Electricity, as a chemical feedstock in the manufacturing of plastics and other commercially important organic chemicals (i.e. ammonia, urea, phosphates, Teflon, etc.). Natural gas is also used in the manufacturing processof fabrics, glass, steel, paint etc.No uniform international natural gas prices – The price of natural gas varies greatly depending on location, type of gas and nature of end consumer.
This map shows details of major gas fields (more than 100), pipeline network of SSGC and SNGPL.
Power ; General Industry; Domestic, Fertilizer, Transport followed by Commercial. Ideally this distribution should ve been other way round with more gas allocation to the industry rather than domestic or even transport.The above includes about 800 MMCFD gas supply to Power and Fertilizer sectors directly from Mari, Kandhkot and Uch gas field.
If we continue with existing rate of consumption showing on average 6% increase per annum, our local gas resources will be depleted by 2022-23 if we do not explore more sites and/or import gas. Our Demand Supply gap……. This projection includes IP, TAPI Gas pipelines and import of LNG from Qatar.
These sources will be CRUCIAL to our economic survival. SNG is Synthetic Natural Gas as a substitute for natural gas…
Before 2005 there was no policy for according priority to gas allocation for various sectors.. It was arbitrary in nature and haphazard… Gas Sales AgreementsWhen there is a huge demand of power and people feel that generating electricity is cheaper than purchasing it, captive power plants are made.
Aik ANAR 100 Bemaar !
Industry Bias is evident from the Gas Sale prices structure ! Cess is levied under Gas infrastructure Development Cess Act 2011.
Besides committed gas supply to the power sector, in the aftermath of worst energy crises during early this year led to the holding of Energy Conference…. All stakeholders and Provinces were present….. Despite strong reservations of MPNR, it acted upon the decision….
Although final data and statistics are yet to be released for showing any Improvement in Electricity generation from additional 207mmcfd by diversion from Fertilizer sector, yet we do have some provisional figures which show slight improvement in e generation and lesser imports of furnace oil from May-Sept 2012. However on the other side, our fertilizer industry is facing severe problems and is now on the verge of bankruptcy as informed by the fertilizer sector ppl… APTMA is also raising hue n cry as they r short of gas for their cpps… the industrial production related to gas have also made complaints to MPNR.
A leveraged industry is the one which has the largest debt to equity ratio…
Theses are the issues which we need to keep in mind while discussing the gas allocation strategy !
UFG is Unaccounted For GAS; this is the difference between gas sales billed and gas sendout
The actual results of the instant issue of diversion are yet to be computed and analysed, however, Last year Energy Wing of the PC in collaboration with ….. Carried out a study with the aim to determine the economic evaluation of natural gas use. The purpose was to examine the economic impacts of changing gas priority betwn fertilizer feedstock and power generation…
Even the 207 mmcfd allocated gas could not be used fully by the power plants on account of their inefficiency…Why I put these recommendations in concentric circles is the need to adopt these as a package and not by piecemeal. It wont be of any use if either one or 2 are adopted and rest are overlooked; these all are interlinked and can be effective only if adopted in toto.