The document provides an overview of key developments in energy, infrastructure, and communications sectors in India during the 11th Five Year Plan period. It discusses performance and initiatives in power generation and distribution, coal production, petroleum exploration and refining, railways, and other areas. Major challenges included delays and cost overruns in infrastructure projects, and lower than targeted growth in some sectors due to environmental and other issues.

1. ENERGY,INFRASTRUCTURE
AND COMMUNICATIONS
CASE STUDY PRESENTED BY:
Bharat Sharma (011)
)

2. INTRODUCTION
 Through PPP(public-private partnership) private
sector laid a solid foundation in infrastructure
investment.
 During the twelfth five year plan, the planning
commission projected an investment of 45 lakh crores
where 50% will be derived from private sector and
22.5 lakh crore from public.
 Eleventh plan figures stated as 36% from
private,13.1 lakh crore from public.

3. PERFORMANCE OF SECTORS
 Growth in power, petroleum refinery, cement,
railway freight traffic, passengers handled at
domestic terminals, and up gradation of highways
by the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI).
 Negative growth in Coal, natural gas, fertilizers,
handling of export cargo at airports, and the
number of cell phone connections.
 Steel sector witnessed moderation in growth.

4.  According to the Ministry of Statistics and
Programme Implementation(MOSPI) 583 projects
were sanctioned with an amount of 712,812 crores
but raised to 821,665 crores.
 Projects delayed- road transport and highways
(90), power(45), petroleum(29), railways(26),
coal(17)
 Cost overrun- railways(181%),petroleum sector
(32%),Coal(29%),road transport(61%)

5. POWER
 GENERATION
• TARGET-5.4% INCREASE
• ACHIEVED-9.2%(76% WITHIN 9 MONTHS)
-
NUCLEAR(33.2%),HYDRO(19.2%), THERM
AL(6.7%)
 PLF(PLANT LOAD FACTOR)-72.1% LOWER
THAN PREVIOUS YEAR 72.9%

6.  POWER DEFICIT
 Peak deficit(13.8 TO 10.6%)
 Energy deficit(9.6% TO 7.9%)
 CAPACITY ADDITION
 Initially evaluated as 78700 MW(Hydro-
19.9%,Thermal-75.8%,Nuclear-4.3%)
 During mid term appraisal modified hence
expected to be 50,000 to 52,000 MW
 In thermal sector highest capacity addition
was achieved of 12207.7 MW

7.  ULTRA MEGA POWER PROJECTS INITIATIVE
 One unit of 800 MW of the Mundra
UMPP is expected to be commissioned in the
Eleventh Plan. The remaining units of Mundra, Sasan
in Madhya Pradesh,Krishnapatnam in Andhra
Pradesh, are expected to be commissioned in the
Twelfth PLAN. Tilaiya in Jharkhand-UNKNOWN
 DEVELOPMENT OF HYDRO POWER
 CEA revised capacity from 15627 MW to
8237 due to difficult and inaccessible potential
sites, difficulties in land
acquisition, rehabilitation, environmental and forest
related issues, inter-state issues, geological surprises
and contractual issues.

8.  INITIATIVES-finalization of an investor-friendly
New Hydro Policy 2008, a liberal National
Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy, and a
50,000 MW Hydroelectric Initiative and Mega
Power Project Policy.

9. Transmission, Trading, Access, and
Exchange
 NATIONAL GRID
 Inter-regional energy exchanges of about
39,275 million units (MUs) during April-November
2011, thus contributing to better utilization of
generation capacity and an improved power supply
position.
 OPEN ACCESS
 The facilitative framework created by the
Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) has
provided the desired regulatory certainty for
developers in terms of market access, and also
payment security against default.

10.  Transaction of 52,290 MUs energy has been
approved through 17,340 interstate short-term
bilateral and collective open access transactions.
 The Central Transmission Utility (CTU),which is
responsible for granting connectivity APPROVED 58
applications for the connectivity of 55,940 MW.
 TRADING OF ELECTRICITY
 For short-term contracts, with power price
less than RS.3/ kWh, the trading margin is RS.0.04 per
unit and for power price above RS.3/kWh, the margin
is capped at RS. 0.07 per unit.

11.  AGGREGATE TECHNICAL AND COMMERCIAL(AT&C)
LOSSES AND RESTRUCTURED APDRP
 PART A-projects for establishment of baseline
data and IT applications for energy accounting and IT-
based consumer service centers.
 PART B-Regular distribution strengthening projects.
 NATIONAL ELECTRICITY FUND
 The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs
(CCEA) approved the National Electricity Fund (Interest
Subsidy Scheme) to provide interest subsidy aggregating to
RS 8,466 crore on loan disbursement amounting to
RS25,000 crore to the state power utilities - both in the
public and private sectors--to improve the distribution
network.

12.  RURAL ELECTRIFICATION
 Under the Rajiv Gandhi Gramin
Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY), 1,00,917 villages
have been electrified and free electricity
connections released to 179.41 lakh below poverty
line (BPL) households.
 341 projects out of the 343 sanctioned
under the Eleventh Plan have been awarded and
franchisees are in place in 1, 45,950 villages in 17
states.

13. PETROLEUM
 OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION
 Production of crude oil-38.19 MMT(1.33%
increase)
 Production of domestic crude oil-28.7
MMT(1.9% increase)
 Rajasthan Cairn Energy India pvt ltd-4.8 MMT
 Production of natural gas-36.19 BCM
 The gas production has reportedly decreased due
to drop in pressure in the wells and increased water
ingress leading to lower output of gas per well.

14.  EXPLORATION OF DOMESTIC OIL AND GAS
 Under the New Exploration Licensing Policy
(NELP) 103 oil and gas discoveries have been made by
private/joint venture (JV) companies in 34 blocks and
more than 600 MMT of oil equivalent hydrocarbon
reserves have been added.
 DOMESTIC EXPLORATION OF OTHER GASEOUS FUEL
 CBM-Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Chhattisgarh,
Gujarat, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh,Maharashtra,
Orissa, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal.
 SHALE GAS-sedimentary basins such as
Cambay, Gondwana, Krishna-Godawari, and Cauvery

15.  EQUITY OIL AND GAS FROM ABROAD
 Around 10.5% of domestic production.
 OVL,OIL, GAIL, IOCL, BPCL & HPCL are
involved.
 The total investment by oil PSUs overseas is
more than RS.64,832 crore, which includes two pipeline
projects in Sudan and Myanmar.(production fell from
7.06 to 6.76)
 IMPORT OF LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG)
 Petronet LNG Limited (PLL)-import fell from
8.95 to 8.17 MMT
 Entered into an MoU with Gazprom Marketing
and Trading Singapore Pte. Ltd. For sourcing up to 2.5
MMTPA of LNG
 Developing-greenfield project of 5.0 MMTPA
capacity at Kochi in the State of Kerala, Dahej terminal
capacity

16.  REFINING CAPACITY
 Present 193.39 MMTPA-expected 214.07MMTPA
 Exported 59.13 MMT of petroleum products worth
1,96,112 crore.
 PIPELINE NETWORK AND CITY GAS
DISTRIBUTION(CGD) NETWORK
 Substantial increase in the pipelines network in the
country with 31 product pipelines of a length of 11,274
km and capacity of 69.19 MMT at present.
 588 CNG STATIONS
 Consumption-14 MMSCMD

17.  RAJIV GANDHI GRAMIN LPG VITARAN
YOJANA(RGGLVY)
 Focuses on raising the population coverage of lpg in
rural areas and areas where lpg coverage is low.
 5.5 crore connections by 2015

18. COAL
 Raw Coal-320 MT to 307 MT
 Coking coal-28.7 MT to 28.3 MT
 Environmental restrictions, application of the
comprehensive environmental pollution index (CEPI),
non-availability of forestry clearance against some
of the projects, poor law and order situation in
some states and excessive rainfall in the coal-mining
areas.
 Increase in imports-68.9 MT(ICVL is trying acquire
coal assets in Australia and Indonesia)

19.  CIL set up 20 new coal washeriies with a capacity
of 111.1 MT per annum, investment 2500 crore
 Sold through E-Aution scheme
CIL-avereage price 74% above notified
price
SCCL-avereage price 113% above
notified price
 Allocation of coal blocks
 218 coal blocks allocated under the Coal Mines
ACT 1973, presently 195

20. RAILWAYS
 Share in GDP-1 to 3%,revenue-10% increase
 GOALS:
(a) laying of 25,000 km of new lines;
(b) quadrupling of the 6,000 km network with
segregation of passenger and freight lines;
(c) electrification of 14,000 km;
(d) completion of gauge conversion;
(e) up gradation of speed to 160-200kmph for
passenger trains; and
(f) construction of 2,000 km of high-speed rail lines.

21.  Frieght loading-618 MT
 High level safety review committee formed which
brought down accidents to 141
 845 stations selected for development as Adarsh
stations with basic facilities.
 Facilities-largest computerized passenger reservation
systems of Indian railways, computerized unreserved
ticketing system, automatic ticket vending machines,
freight operations information system, real train
information system.
 Multifunctional complex(MFC) with budget hotels-22

22.  Expert Group-strategies for modernization of Railways
with focus on track, signalling, rolling stock, stations and
terminals up gradation; using ICT for improving
efficiency and safety; augmenting existing capacities of
Railways through indigenous development; reviewing
projects; and addressing PPP issues.
 Dedicated Freight Corridor (DFC) Project-serve coal
and steel traffic are being funded with Japanese
assistance and Eastern Corridor with World Bank
assistance.
 Increase in speed of passenger trains 160-200 kmph

23.  Railway electrification-1110 RKM with an outlay
978 crore
 Establish own captive thermal power plant with
NTPC
 Ministry of Railways formulated PPP investment
models for existing and new projects
 New comprehensive draft policy containing six
models for specific categories of projects

24. ROADS
 National Highways Development Project(NHDP)-total
length-55455,contracts-227
 Funds raised through 54 EC bonds and short-term over
draft facility, World bank(US $1965million),Asian
development bank(US $1605 million), Japan bank for
international cooperation(32,060 million yen), direct
loan(US$ 149.78 million) from the ADB for the Manor
Expressway Project
 The SARDP-NE aims at improving road connectivity to
state capitals, district headquarters and remote places
of the north-east region.

25.  Development of NH network
 Development of roads in Left Wing Extremism
(LWE)-affected areas-Road Requirement Plan (RRP)
for development of 1,126 km NHs and 4,351 km
state roads (total 5,477 km) to two-lane at a cost
of 7,300 crore in 34 LWE-affected districts
 Development 848 km cost 1363 crores
 Prime Minister's Reconstruction Plan (PMRP) for
Jammu and Kashmir-cost incurred 2300 crore
 Construction of rural roads under the Pradhan
Mantri Gram Sadak Yojna(PMGSY)-4.41 lakh km
costing 126,937 crore

26. CIVIL AVIATION
 Growth of 18.5% with majority in domestic airways(19.4%
growth)
 For improving air navigation services, the Airport Authority
of India (AAI) installed the new ATS automation system at
Chennai.
 Government also gave 'in-principle' approval for setting up
of a greenfield airport at Karaikal in Puducherry and Shirdi
in Maharashtra.
 Working group was constituted recommended that state
governments rationalize the value added tax (VAT) on
aviation turbine fuel (ATF), foreign airlines be permitted to
invest in domestic airlines undertakings, and direct import of
ATF by airlines for their own consumption be allowed.

27. TELECOMMUNICATION
 2nd largest in the world due to liberal policy and
involvement of private sector(86% share)
 Share of wireless telephones 96.4% which let to growth of
wire line connections decreasing and reduction in tariffs.
 Teledensity-76.86%(rural-37.5%,urban-167.4%)
 Broad band policy-13.3 million subscribers
 The Universal Service Obligation Fund(USOF) provide
subsidy support for enabling access to all types of
telephony services including mobile services and broadband
connectivity and for creation of infrastructure like optical
fiber cables (OFC) in rural and remote areas.

28.  Government has approved a project for a national
optical fiber network in October 2011 for
providing broadband connectivity to all 2.5 lakh
gram panchayats at a cost of 20,000 crore.
 To promote indigenous R&D and manufacturing to
become self-reliant in the telecom/ICT equipment
manufacturing sector, various strategies have been
proposed in the Draft National Telecom Policy.
 Proposed to set up a fund for promoting indigenous
R&D, intellectual property rights (IPR) creation,
manufacturing and deployment of state of-the-art
telecom products

29. PORT
 Throughput increased by 4.6 % at 12 major
ports(majorly at Ennore port-39.5%,least at Chennai-(-
8.2%))
 Decrease in cargo handled at non-major ports
 Commodity-wise Cargo Traffic at Major Ports-thermal
coal, fertilizer raw material, containers and other cargo
 Leading port-JawaharLal Nehru Port
 Non-major ports helped in controlling the
traffic(Gujarat-major,Andhra Pradeh,Maharashtra,Goa)

30.  The objective of the Maritime Agenda is not only
creating more capacity but setting up ports on a
par with the best international ports in terms of
performance(296,000 crores).
 Investment has to come from the private sector
including FDI. FDI up to 100 per cent under the
automatic route is permitted for construction and
maintenance of ports.

31. URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE
 The Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal
Mission has been launched by the Ministry of Urban
Development for a seven-year period to encourage
cities to initiate steps to bring about improvements
in existing civic service levels(budget-6423 crore)
 Surveillance rating has been initiated to affirm the
rating and assess improvements undertaken
 National Urban Transport Policy ensures safe and
affordable mobility for all.

32.  12,309 modern intelligent transport system (ITS)-
enabled, low-floor and semi-low-floor buses have
been delivered to states/cities.
 New metro projects-Bangalore metro rail project,
East-West metro corridor in Kolkata, Chennai metro
rail project, Phase 3 of Delhi metro

33. FINANCING INFRASTRUCTURE(DEBT)
 Bank credit 146,767 crores
 FDI inflows-growth of 23.6%
 Foreign investment-power(43.6%),non-conventional
energy(33.8%),telecommunications(44.9%)