The document promotes natural gas as a clean, affordable, and abundant domestic energy source. It notes the US's dependence on foreign oil imports and outlines the growth of domestic natural gas production from shale gas resources. The document argues that natural gas vehicles can help reduce emissions and fuel costs compared to gasoline or diesel. It provides examples of natural gas vehicle adoption and refueling infrastructure development in the US and abroad.
This document discusses the benefits of natural gas. It notes that natural gas supports millions of American jobs and national security by providing a domestic energy source. The shale gas revolution has unlocked vast domestic natural gas supplies in the United States through innovations like horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing. As natural gas production has increased, prices have remained stable and even dropped for industrial users and consumers in states like Florida, saving billions per year. The document also discusses how new pipeline infrastructure is expanding access to natural gas across the United States.
Dynegy's Midwest portfolio is well-positioned with over 5,500 MW of baseload coal and efficient natural gas-fired plants. Coal plants generally set the marginal price of power over 80% of the time in the Midwest ISO market due to low natural gas prices and reduced demand. Dynegy's Midwest facilities benefit from low-cost Powder River Basin coal and rail contracts.
The document discusses the Indian government's decision to deregulate petrol prices and increase prices for other petroleum products like diesel, kerosene, and LPG. Specifically:
- The government freed petrol prices from controls and immediately increased petrol prices by Rs3.7/liter. Diesel prices rose by Rs2/liter and will be deregulated gradually.
- Domestic LPG prices increased by Rs35/cylinder and kerosene by Rs3/liter, but these fuels will remain subsidized.
- The deregulation of petrol was expected, but the increases to diesel, LPG, and kerosene prices surprised analysts positively. However, the lack of a timeline for diesel deregulation
The document discusses various environmental issues facing the electric utility industry in Texas. It provides an overview of the Association of Electric Companies of Texas (AECT), which advocates for reliable electricity infrastructure, efficient competitive markets, and consistent regulation. The document then summarizes: 1) the generation mix and use of coal in Texas compared to national averages; 2) various federal environmental regulations impacting the electric industry, including regulations on air pollutants like mercury, haze and greenhouse gases; and 3) issues around coal combustion residuals and water quality regulations.
Dipresentasikan oleh Bapak Dwi Kusumantoro dari Sekretariat Jendral Dewan Energi Nasional pada IEA-APEC/ASEAN Emergency Response Exercise (ERE) yang berlangsung pada tanggal 2-3 Mai 2011 di Bangkok, Thailand.
The document provides an update on environmental issues from December 2010. It discusses legislative principles for ensuring a reliable electricity supply while supporting environmental health. It then summarizes generation sources in Texas compared to national averages and the economic importance of coal. Updates are given on federal regulations including mercury limits, regional haze rules, and water intake structure requirements. In general, it outlines existing clean air progress in Texas while anticipating more stringent future federal standards.
This document provides a prospectus for a multi-client study that will benchmark options for utilizing and converting natural gas given increased shale gas production in North America. The study will examine opportunities for liquefied natural gas, gas-to-liquids fuels, chemicals and NGLs production. It will address key questions around relevant markets, costs, technologies and competitive activities to provide actionable insights for stakeholders. The prospectus outlines the comprehensive scope of the planned study, including analyses of economics at different scales and locations across North America and profiling of recent industry proposals and technology developments.
Atmos Energy Corporation provides forward-looking statements about its business in this presentation. It operates natural gas utilities in 12 states and nonutility businesses in 22 states. The company has grown through acquisitions, becoming the largest pure-play natural gas distribution company based on customers. It aims to maximize core utility earnings through regulatory strategies including weather normalization adjustment mechanisms, gas cost recovery, and capital investment recovery riders. Nonutility operations in gas marketing and pipeline/storage complement the utility business.
This document discusses the benefits of natural gas. It notes that natural gas supports millions of American jobs and national security by providing a domestic energy source. The shale gas revolution has unlocked vast domestic natural gas supplies in the United States through innovations like horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing. As natural gas production has increased, prices have remained stable and even dropped for industrial users and consumers in states like Florida, saving billions per year. The document also discusses how new pipeline infrastructure is expanding access to natural gas across the United States.
Dynegy's Midwest portfolio is well-positioned with over 5,500 MW of baseload coal and efficient natural gas-fired plants. Coal plants generally set the marginal price of power over 80% of the time in the Midwest ISO market due to low natural gas prices and reduced demand. Dynegy's Midwest facilities benefit from low-cost Powder River Basin coal and rail contracts.
The document discusses the Indian government's decision to deregulate petrol prices and increase prices for other petroleum products like diesel, kerosene, and LPG. Specifically:
- The government freed petrol prices from controls and immediately increased petrol prices by Rs3.7/liter. Diesel prices rose by Rs2/liter and will be deregulated gradually.
- Domestic LPG prices increased by Rs35/cylinder and kerosene by Rs3/liter, but these fuels will remain subsidized.
- The deregulation of petrol was expected, but the increases to diesel, LPG, and kerosene prices surprised analysts positively. However, the lack of a timeline for diesel deregulation
The document discusses various environmental issues facing the electric utility industry in Texas. It provides an overview of the Association of Electric Companies of Texas (AECT), which advocates for reliable electricity infrastructure, efficient competitive markets, and consistent regulation. The document then summarizes: 1) the generation mix and use of coal in Texas compared to national averages; 2) various federal environmental regulations impacting the electric industry, including regulations on air pollutants like mercury, haze and greenhouse gases; and 3) issues around coal combustion residuals and water quality regulations.
Dipresentasikan oleh Bapak Dwi Kusumantoro dari Sekretariat Jendral Dewan Energi Nasional pada IEA-APEC/ASEAN Emergency Response Exercise (ERE) yang berlangsung pada tanggal 2-3 Mai 2011 di Bangkok, Thailand.
The document provides an update on environmental issues from December 2010. It discusses legislative principles for ensuring a reliable electricity supply while supporting environmental health. It then summarizes generation sources in Texas compared to national averages and the economic importance of coal. Updates are given on federal regulations including mercury limits, regional haze rules, and water intake structure requirements. In general, it outlines existing clean air progress in Texas while anticipating more stringent future federal standards.
This document provides a prospectus for a multi-client study that will benchmark options for utilizing and converting natural gas given increased shale gas production in North America. The study will examine opportunities for liquefied natural gas, gas-to-liquids fuels, chemicals and NGLs production. It will address key questions around relevant markets, costs, technologies and competitive activities to provide actionable insights for stakeholders. The prospectus outlines the comprehensive scope of the planned study, including analyses of economics at different scales and locations across North America and profiling of recent industry proposals and technology developments.
Atmos Energy Corporation provides forward-looking statements about its business in this presentation. It operates natural gas utilities in 12 states and nonutility businesses in 22 states. The company has grown through acquisitions, becoming the largest pure-play natural gas distribution company based on customers. It aims to maximize core utility earnings through regulatory strategies including weather normalization adjustment mechanisms, gas cost recovery, and capital investment recovery riders. Nonutility operations in gas marketing and pipeline/storage complement the utility business.
The document summarizes Progress Energy's Q3 2008 earnings call. It discusses ongoing earnings of $306M for Q3 2008, regulatory updates in the Carolinas and Florida, energy efficiency and alternative energy programs, and $7-8B in capital expenditures through 2013 for major generation projects. Cost controls have kept year-to-date O&M expenses flat compared to 2007 despite 2.5% reported growth. Customer growth has been positive but milder weather reduced retail usage. Guidance of $2.95-3.05 for 2008 ongoing earnings is maintained based on a trailing 12-month EPS of $2.91. Liquidity remains strong with $1.9B in available credit facilities and cash.
El Paso Corporation is a major natural gas company that owns pipelines and conducts exploration and production. The presentation discusses the implications of carbon regulation for natural gas companies and El Paso's strategies. Regulations could significantly increase costs for natural gas. El Paso aims to make its new Ruby Pipeline project carbon neutral through offsets, efficiency measures, and allowing trading. The company also commits to assessing and reducing its emissions footprint to prepare for a carbon constrained future. Natural gas may play a bridging role but its role depends on regulation stringency and other energy sources.
xcel energy 8_16_2007KohlerPresentation8172007SECfinance26
Xcel Energy delivered positive results in 2007 and positioned itself for continued growth. Key accomplishments included resolving legal issues, completing generation projects on time and budget, and receiving constructive regulatory resolutions. The company expects to meet or exceed 2007 earnings guidance. Xcel outlined capital investment opportunities through 2011 focused on generation, transmission and distribution. Recovery mechanisms provide stability, and opportunities exist to improve returns in some jurisdictions.
Colorado has successfully transitioned its electricity portfolio away from coal and towards renewable energy sources like wind and solar through bold state policies. The renewable energy standard has had a low impact on electricity rates while providing economic and environmental benefits. Continued federal policy support is needed to complement state policies and provide stable investment in renewable energy technologies, though political divisions have made establishing national energy policy challenging. Looking ahead, Colorado aims to understand its post-2020 energy portfolio potential and identify new opportunities like diversifying transportation fuels.
This document provides information about the 13th Annual Arctic Oil & Gas Symposium taking place March 12-13, 2013 in Calgary, Alberta. The symposium will gather industry professionals, community leaders, and government officials to discuss emerging opportunities in Arctic oil and gas development in North America. The agenda includes keynote speakers from government and industry discussing topics like shale oil development in the Central Mackenzie Valley and progress on international offshore drilling standards. Pre-conference workshops will focus on hydraulic fracturing and water/waste management challenges in Arctic regions.
Green energy could provide a solution to critical energy needs and problems in Arctic regions in the future if certain challenges are addressed. Presently, diesel remains the most effective option for remote areas. However, increasing oil prices, better green technology adapted for the Arctic climate, development of green energy markets and infrastructure, and strong green policies could make green energy viable. Governments could support green energy development through public and private investments, research centers, and promoting the Arctic as a focal point for renewable technology. Overall green energy presents opportunities but overcoming challenges like high costs, harsh conditions and developing suitable technologies will be key.
public serviceenterprise group MerrillLynchfinance20
1) PSEG is an energy company with over $29 billion in assets as of 2005. It has regional electric and gas utilities and wholesale energy operations.
2) PSEG provided 2006 earnings guidance of $875 million to $950 million and EPS guidance of $3.45 to $3.75. It expects over 10% earnings growth by 2007.
3) Key drivers for earnings growth include rate cases, weather, energy market improvements, and new accounting standards. Strong performance from power plants and utilities will also contribute to earnings growth.
Integrated Refining & Gasification Rbc 9 2009rcarpe
This document discusses the challenges facing refineries and how gasification can help address them. Refineries face issues like heavier crude oils producing more petcoke waste, and stricter emissions regulations. Gasification can help by using petcoke as a feedstock to produce hydrogen, synthesis gas, and power to export, reducing costs and emissions. Gasification also increases flexibility to process different crude types. Case studies show gasification integrated with existing refinery infrastructure and waste streams. GE has technology experience to provide gasification solutions.
Calpine Corporation reported its second quarter 2008 earnings results. The document provides an overview of Calpine, including that it is the largest baseload renewable and natural gas power provider in the US. It notes that Calpine has made progress in the first full quarter since emerging from bankruptcy, with improved financial results. The operations review highlights Calpine's diverse and flexible fleet of power plants, noting many are well-positioned for tighter supply conditions and environmental regulations. Key financial metrics like output, costs and hedging positions are also summarized.
This corporate presentation by Denbury Resources provides an overview of the company and its operations. It summarizes that Denbury is a leading CO2 enhanced oil recovery company in the US with over $10 billion in enterprise value and 67,234 barrels of oil equivalent per day in production. It also outlines Denbury's secured CO2 supply, pipeline infrastructure, oil reserves of over 1 billion barrels, and projected sustainable growth rate of 13-15% through 2020.
This document summarizes the development of the 600 MW Chandgana power plant and coal mine in Mongolia. Red Hill Energy acquired and explored coal deposits from 2005-2010, spending $30 million total. In 2010, Prophecy Coal acquired Red Hill and further explored the deposits, spending $60 million total. Prophecy Coal now controls an indicated resource of 1.2 billion tonnes of coal at Chandgana. Prophecy plans to develop a 600 MW mine-mouth power plant fueled by the Chandgana coal mine. The power plant will be developed in phases from 2013-2017 with Chinese EPC contractors and financing from debt and equity investors.
Jim Yardley, president of a pipeline group, presented at a conference on the natural gas pipeline outlook. He discussed several challenges facing the industry, including ensuring adequate gas supply for the US, building needed infrastructure given rising costs and workforce issues, determining gas's role in greenhouse gas policy, and maintaining safety in pipeline operations and damage prevention. While there are significant opportunities, meeting these challenges will be important for the continued delivery of gas safely and reliably.
SECTION II: CLIMATE CHANGE AND WASTE MANAGEMENT
“The new Industrial Emissions Directive and waste-to-energy” by Ms. Heidelore Fiedler, Scientific Officer of the Chemicals Branch at DTIE (Division of Technology, Industry and Economics), United Nations Environment Programme, Switzerland
State RPS targets and the CEC role in achieving success [CSTP 2010]Smithers Apex
The document discusses California's Renewables Portfolio Standard (RPS) and the role of the California Energy Commission in helping the state achieve its RPS goals. Key points include:
- The RPS was established in 2002 with a goal of 20% renewable energy by 2010. This was later increased to 33% by 2020 under executive orders.
- The Energy Commission certifies renewable facilities, tracks RPS compliance, and distributes incentive payments. It also conducts research and analysis to support renewable energy development.
- California has made progress towards its RPS targets but faces challenges in integrating high levels of renewables and addressing environmental and financing issues for new projects. The report recommends continued efforts to meet the 33% by 2020
ENSERVCO provides forward-looking statements about its future performance that are dependent on certain factors outside of its control. The accuracy of these statements cannot be guaranteed as the company faces various risks that could significantly impact its projections. ENSERVCO disclaims any obligation to update its forward-looking statements. [END SUMMARY]
- Air Products is a $10 billion company that produces industrial gases like hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. It has a diverse customer base across various markets and geographies.
- The company aims to achieve profitable growth through long-term contracts, a solid project backlog, and opportunities in energy markets. It also seeks to improve returns through margin growth, productivity increases, and share repurchases.
- Air Products has leading positions in hydrogen and oxygen supply for refineries and gasification. It is well-positioned to benefit from increasing demand for cleaner fuels and greenhouse gas reduction technologies. The company expects to deliver sustainable double-digit earnings growth and superior returns going forward.
Richard Benedict, Indianapolis Power & Light Company (IPL) - Speaker at the marcus evans Generation Summit 2012, held in San Antonio, TX, delevered his presentation entitled “Hello My Old Friend” – The Resurgence of Natural Gas as the Power Generation Fuel of Choice
This document discusses compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles. It defines CNG and explains that it is made by compressing natural gas to less than 1% of its volume at standard pressure. CNG vehicles have several advantages over gasoline or diesel vehicles, such as producing less pollution and being cheaper to fuel. However, one disadvantage is that CNG requires more space for fuel storage onboard vehicles. To address this, vehicle manufacturers install CNG tanks either under vehicles or on their roofs. The document concludes that CNG is a useful fuel for vehicles to reduce pollution at a lower cost compared to other fuels like gasoline and diesel.
Petrol Vehicle CNG Conversion System and it's modern and Oldest Technology ( Conventional & Sequential Injection). This is a money saving, environ friendly (Low emission) and easy conversion technology.Landi Renzo is a world leader of Vehicle CNG & LPG Conversion system technology provider.
This document provides information about compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles. It discusses the benefits of CNG which include lower costs, better engine life, and reduced emissions compared to gasoline. Proper training is required for maintenance on CNG vehicles since the oil does not need to be changed as frequently. The top countries using CNG vehicles are Iran, Pakistan, and Argentina. In conclusion, while CNG vehicles have advantages, their tanks require more storage space and initial costs are higher than gasoline vehicles.
CNG, or compressed natural gas, is made by compressing methane gas and storing it in hard cylinders at high pressure. It is a cheaper substitute for diesel, petrol, and propane. CNG produces less carbon emissions than these fossil fuels and has several advantages, such as lower maintenance costs and reduced pollution. However, it requires more storage space in vehicles. Despite this disadvantage, CNG has grown popular due to its environmental and economic benefits and over 14 million natural gas vehicles worldwide use CNG as of 2011.
The document summarizes Progress Energy's Q3 2008 earnings call. It discusses ongoing earnings of $306M for Q3 2008, regulatory updates in the Carolinas and Florida, energy efficiency and alternative energy programs, and $7-8B in capital expenditures through 2013 for major generation projects. Cost controls have kept year-to-date O&M expenses flat compared to 2007 despite 2.5% reported growth. Customer growth has been positive but milder weather reduced retail usage. Guidance of $2.95-3.05 for 2008 ongoing earnings is maintained based on a trailing 12-month EPS of $2.91. Liquidity remains strong with $1.9B in available credit facilities and cash.
El Paso Corporation is a major natural gas company that owns pipelines and conducts exploration and production. The presentation discusses the implications of carbon regulation for natural gas companies and El Paso's strategies. Regulations could significantly increase costs for natural gas. El Paso aims to make its new Ruby Pipeline project carbon neutral through offsets, efficiency measures, and allowing trading. The company also commits to assessing and reducing its emissions footprint to prepare for a carbon constrained future. Natural gas may play a bridging role but its role depends on regulation stringency and other energy sources.
xcel energy 8_16_2007KohlerPresentation8172007SECfinance26
Xcel Energy delivered positive results in 2007 and positioned itself for continued growth. Key accomplishments included resolving legal issues, completing generation projects on time and budget, and receiving constructive regulatory resolutions. The company expects to meet or exceed 2007 earnings guidance. Xcel outlined capital investment opportunities through 2011 focused on generation, transmission and distribution. Recovery mechanisms provide stability, and opportunities exist to improve returns in some jurisdictions.
Colorado has successfully transitioned its electricity portfolio away from coal and towards renewable energy sources like wind and solar through bold state policies. The renewable energy standard has had a low impact on electricity rates while providing economic and environmental benefits. Continued federal policy support is needed to complement state policies and provide stable investment in renewable energy technologies, though political divisions have made establishing national energy policy challenging. Looking ahead, Colorado aims to understand its post-2020 energy portfolio potential and identify new opportunities like diversifying transportation fuels.
This document provides information about the 13th Annual Arctic Oil & Gas Symposium taking place March 12-13, 2013 in Calgary, Alberta. The symposium will gather industry professionals, community leaders, and government officials to discuss emerging opportunities in Arctic oil and gas development in North America. The agenda includes keynote speakers from government and industry discussing topics like shale oil development in the Central Mackenzie Valley and progress on international offshore drilling standards. Pre-conference workshops will focus on hydraulic fracturing and water/waste management challenges in Arctic regions.
Green energy could provide a solution to critical energy needs and problems in Arctic regions in the future if certain challenges are addressed. Presently, diesel remains the most effective option for remote areas. However, increasing oil prices, better green technology adapted for the Arctic climate, development of green energy markets and infrastructure, and strong green policies could make green energy viable. Governments could support green energy development through public and private investments, research centers, and promoting the Arctic as a focal point for renewable technology. Overall green energy presents opportunities but overcoming challenges like high costs, harsh conditions and developing suitable technologies will be key.
public serviceenterprise group MerrillLynchfinance20
1) PSEG is an energy company with over $29 billion in assets as of 2005. It has regional electric and gas utilities and wholesale energy operations.
2) PSEG provided 2006 earnings guidance of $875 million to $950 million and EPS guidance of $3.45 to $3.75. It expects over 10% earnings growth by 2007.
3) Key drivers for earnings growth include rate cases, weather, energy market improvements, and new accounting standards. Strong performance from power plants and utilities will also contribute to earnings growth.
Integrated Refining & Gasification Rbc 9 2009rcarpe
This document discusses the challenges facing refineries and how gasification can help address them. Refineries face issues like heavier crude oils producing more petcoke waste, and stricter emissions regulations. Gasification can help by using petcoke as a feedstock to produce hydrogen, synthesis gas, and power to export, reducing costs and emissions. Gasification also increases flexibility to process different crude types. Case studies show gasification integrated with existing refinery infrastructure and waste streams. GE has technology experience to provide gasification solutions.
Calpine Corporation reported its second quarter 2008 earnings results. The document provides an overview of Calpine, including that it is the largest baseload renewable and natural gas power provider in the US. It notes that Calpine has made progress in the first full quarter since emerging from bankruptcy, with improved financial results. The operations review highlights Calpine's diverse and flexible fleet of power plants, noting many are well-positioned for tighter supply conditions and environmental regulations. Key financial metrics like output, costs and hedging positions are also summarized.
This corporate presentation by Denbury Resources provides an overview of the company and its operations. It summarizes that Denbury is a leading CO2 enhanced oil recovery company in the US with over $10 billion in enterprise value and 67,234 barrels of oil equivalent per day in production. It also outlines Denbury's secured CO2 supply, pipeline infrastructure, oil reserves of over 1 billion barrels, and projected sustainable growth rate of 13-15% through 2020.
This document summarizes the development of the 600 MW Chandgana power plant and coal mine in Mongolia. Red Hill Energy acquired and explored coal deposits from 2005-2010, spending $30 million total. In 2010, Prophecy Coal acquired Red Hill and further explored the deposits, spending $60 million total. Prophecy Coal now controls an indicated resource of 1.2 billion tonnes of coal at Chandgana. Prophecy plans to develop a 600 MW mine-mouth power plant fueled by the Chandgana coal mine. The power plant will be developed in phases from 2013-2017 with Chinese EPC contractors and financing from debt and equity investors.
Jim Yardley, president of a pipeline group, presented at a conference on the natural gas pipeline outlook. He discussed several challenges facing the industry, including ensuring adequate gas supply for the US, building needed infrastructure given rising costs and workforce issues, determining gas's role in greenhouse gas policy, and maintaining safety in pipeline operations and damage prevention. While there are significant opportunities, meeting these challenges will be important for the continued delivery of gas safely and reliably.
SECTION II: CLIMATE CHANGE AND WASTE MANAGEMENT
“The new Industrial Emissions Directive and waste-to-energy” by Ms. Heidelore Fiedler, Scientific Officer of the Chemicals Branch at DTIE (Division of Technology, Industry and Economics), United Nations Environment Programme, Switzerland
State RPS targets and the CEC role in achieving success [CSTP 2010]Smithers Apex
The document discusses California's Renewables Portfolio Standard (RPS) and the role of the California Energy Commission in helping the state achieve its RPS goals. Key points include:
- The RPS was established in 2002 with a goal of 20% renewable energy by 2010. This was later increased to 33% by 2020 under executive orders.
- The Energy Commission certifies renewable facilities, tracks RPS compliance, and distributes incentive payments. It also conducts research and analysis to support renewable energy development.
- California has made progress towards its RPS targets but faces challenges in integrating high levels of renewables and addressing environmental and financing issues for new projects. The report recommends continued efforts to meet the 33% by 2020
ENSERVCO provides forward-looking statements about its future performance that are dependent on certain factors outside of its control. The accuracy of these statements cannot be guaranteed as the company faces various risks that could significantly impact its projections. ENSERVCO disclaims any obligation to update its forward-looking statements. [END SUMMARY]
- Air Products is a $10 billion company that produces industrial gases like hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. It has a diverse customer base across various markets and geographies.
- The company aims to achieve profitable growth through long-term contracts, a solid project backlog, and opportunities in energy markets. It also seeks to improve returns through margin growth, productivity increases, and share repurchases.
- Air Products has leading positions in hydrogen and oxygen supply for refineries and gasification. It is well-positioned to benefit from increasing demand for cleaner fuels and greenhouse gas reduction technologies. The company expects to deliver sustainable double-digit earnings growth and superior returns going forward.
Richard Benedict, Indianapolis Power & Light Company (IPL) - Speaker at the marcus evans Generation Summit 2012, held in San Antonio, TX, delevered his presentation entitled “Hello My Old Friend” – The Resurgence of Natural Gas as the Power Generation Fuel of Choice
This document discusses compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles. It defines CNG and explains that it is made by compressing natural gas to less than 1% of its volume at standard pressure. CNG vehicles have several advantages over gasoline or diesel vehicles, such as producing less pollution and being cheaper to fuel. However, one disadvantage is that CNG requires more space for fuel storage onboard vehicles. To address this, vehicle manufacturers install CNG tanks either under vehicles or on their roofs. The document concludes that CNG is a useful fuel for vehicles to reduce pollution at a lower cost compared to other fuels like gasoline and diesel.
Petrol Vehicle CNG Conversion System and it's modern and Oldest Technology ( Conventional & Sequential Injection). This is a money saving, environ friendly (Low emission) and easy conversion technology.Landi Renzo is a world leader of Vehicle CNG & LPG Conversion system technology provider.
This document provides information about compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles. It discusses the benefits of CNG which include lower costs, better engine life, and reduced emissions compared to gasoline. Proper training is required for maintenance on CNG vehicles since the oil does not need to be changed as frequently. The top countries using CNG vehicles are Iran, Pakistan, and Argentina. In conclusion, while CNG vehicles have advantages, their tanks require more storage space and initial costs are higher than gasoline vehicles.
CNG, or compressed natural gas, is made by compressing methane gas and storing it in hard cylinders at high pressure. It is a cheaper substitute for diesel, petrol, and propane. CNG produces less carbon emissions than these fossil fuels and has several advantages, such as lower maintenance costs and reduced pollution. However, it requires more storage space in vehicles. Despite this disadvantage, CNG has grown popular due to its environmental and economic benefits and over 14 million natural gas vehicles worldwide use CNG as of 2011.
This document provides an overview of natural gas as a vehicle fuel, fueling options for natural gas vehicles, and factors to consider when purchasing or converting a vehicle to run on natural gas. It discusses the benefits of natural gas including cost savings, domestic supply, reduced emissions, and lower carbon footprint compared to gasoline or diesel. The document outlines the different types of natural gas fueling options including time-fill, fast-fill, and combo-fill. It also provides questions fleet managers should consider when evaluating their fueling needs and options. Finally, the document discusses the process of switching a fleet to natural gas and getting started with planning and evaluation.
This document discusses compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles. It begins by explaining that CNG vehicles have been around for some time but are emerging as a leading alternative fuel option. There are three main types of CNG vehicles: dedicated, which run on CNG only; bifueled, which can run on CNG or gasoline; and dual fueled, which use a combination of CNG and diesel. The document then covers the basics of CNG fuel storage and delivery systems on vehicles, safety aspects, advantages over gasoline like lower cost and domestic production, and workforce training opportunities for CNG vehicle repair.
Making the CNG Virtual Pipeline a Reality for Transportation Natural Gas (TNG)Jolynn Kennedy, CIMS-GB
No natural gas pipeline? No problem. You can facilitate off-pipeline vehicle fueling for CNG transportation fleet. Learn how by checking out this informative presentation by Broadwind | SAFE, XNG and Hexagon Composites.
The document summarizes an event about alternative fuels and technologies held in Jackson, WY. It includes presentations on propane, biodiesel, electric vehicles, compressed natural gas. The event is from 10:00am-2:00pm at the Teton County Public Library on April 17th. It discusses the coalition's mission to displace petroleum use and improve air quality through alternative fuels like biodiesel, electricity, ethanol, hydrogen, natural gas and propane. One session will focus on compressed natural gas vehicles.
This document provides a summary of the natural gas sector in India. It discusses technologies for transporting natural gas over long distances, trends in natural gas consumption, and India's current energy mix and goals to increase the role of natural gas. The document also examines the demand and supply gap for natural gas in India, outlines the current pricing mechanism, and identifies issues on both the demand and supply sides of the natural gas market. Finally, it provides an overview of the major players in India's natural gas market and their respective market shares.
The document discusses compressed natural gas (CNG), including what it is, where it comes from, how it differs from liquefied natural gas, its safety and uses. It provides details on the CNG market in the US, including major consumers of natural gas, vehicle usage, growth rates and number of fueling stations. It also outlines federal incentives for CNG adoption and typical components of CNG fueling stations. Major producers, vehicle manufacturers, and valve companies involved in CNG are listed.
Compressed natural gas (CNG) is made by compressing natural gas (mostly methane) to less than 1% of its volume at standard atmospheric pressure. It is an environmentally friendly alternative to gasoline and diesel fuel that is used in vehicles. CNG produces fewer emissions and is cheaper than gasoline or diesel. While CNG vehicles require a high-pressure storage tank that takes up space, manufacturers are developing solutions like roof and underbody storage to address this disadvantage. CNG is also safer and more readily available than liquefied natural gas (LNG), making it more suitable for powering vehicles.
The document discusses the components and installation process for natural gas services from the main distribution line to a customer's building. A typical service includes a service tee connecting to the main, a plastic or steel service line, a riser valve, regulator, meter, and connection to the customer's piping. The installation process involves planning based on the customer's gas needs, excavating a trench, installing the service components, pressure testing, and backfilling. Safety devices like excess flow valves may also be included to automatically shut off gas flow if the service line is damaged.
Piped LPG gas supply is provided through an underground main pipe with lateral pipes installed to homes as an alternative to LPG gas cylinders. It has advantages over cylinders like not needing refilling so no handling or damage, providing continuous supply, being easy to access, paying based on consumption, increasing safety, saving space, and providing energy 24 hours. Safety measures for piped LPG pipelines include proper design and installation of the system, proper training to handle it, and regular inspection and maintenance.
This document provides instructions for inspecting and testing a service regulator. Key steps include checking the regulator for leaks and proper lock-up pressure. The regulator must be set to deliver the correct pressure, typically 7 inches of water column or 2 pounds per square inch. Tests are done to ensure the regulator maintains pressure without flow and that connections are gas tight to prevent leaks. Inspection records must be completed after testing is finished.
Study of cng and lpg based vehicle system in pune and ahmedabadSupa Buoy
This document is a project report on studying CNG and LPG-based vehicle systems in Pune and Ahmedabad, India. It includes an executive summary, objectives, theoretical background on alternative fuels, research methodology, data analysis, findings, limitations, conclusions, and recommendations. The project involved surveying officials, organizations, auto drivers, and the public in both cities to understand the infrastructure, costs, technical aspects, and public acceptance of converting to CNG and LPG vehicles. The data analysis section provides details on the CNG supply and distribution system in Ahmedabad as an example. The report provides an in-depth examination of introducing natural gas as a transportation fuel alternative.
Green engines development using compressed natural gas as an alternative fuelMarcus 2012
This document reviews the use of compressed natural gas (CNG) as an alternative fuel for engines. CNG has advantages over gasoline and diesel such as lower emissions and cost. It can be used in modified gasoline or diesel engines. There are two main options for gasoline engines - bi-fuel conversion, which allows both fuels, or dedicated CNG engines. For diesel engines, options are dual-fuel engines which use both fuels, or normal ignition engines which run solely on CNG. CNG engines can operate at lean or stoichiometric conditions with different emissions characteristics. Overall CNG engines have potential for lower emissions than gasoline or diesel engines if properly designed. Further research is needed to improve CNG engine performance and meet future
This paper presents an algorithm for shape optimization of composite pressure
vessels head. The shape factor which is defined as the ratio of internal volume to weight of
the vessel is used as an objective function. Design constrains consist of the geometrical
limitations, winding conditions, and Tsai-Wu failure criterion. The geometry of dome shape
is defined by a B-spline rational curve. By altering the weights of control points, depth of
dome, and winding angle, the dome shape is changed. The proposed algorithm uses genetic
algorithm and finite element analysis to optimize the design parameters. The algorithm is
applied on a CNG pressure vessel and the results show that the proposed algorithm can
efficiently define the optimal dome shape. This algorithm is general and can be used for
general shape optimization
This document discusses the costs and options for setting up compressed natural gas (CNG) fueling stations for fleets of garbage trucks. It provides estimated costs for stations that can fuel 15, 30, or 50 trucks, which range from $500,000-$1.2 million. It also outlines the types of CNG fueling stations, including fast fill public access stations and time fill private stations. The document discusses the benefits of powering trucks with natural gas, including cost savings, reduced emissions, and energy security.
Presented by David Rigney, AmeriGas/MetroLawn, on February 6, 2013, for the Clean Cities Winter Webinar about Propane Vehicles, Mowers, and Dispensers.
Ridgeline presentation nov 3 2011 releaseRyan Johnson
Ridgeline Energy Services is an energy services technology company focused on providing water treatment solutions to the oil and gas industry using its proprietary technology. There is increasing demand for water treatment in the industry due to the rise of water-intensive production methods. Ridgeline's technology can efficiently treat contaminated water from fracking and produced water, enabling reuse and reducing costs. The economic opportunity for Ridgeline lies in capturing a share of the large market for water treatment in fracking, chemical flooding, and oil sands operations through volume-based treatment fees.
Laurus Energy aims to build one of the largest energy companies in North America by unlocking a vast indigenous coal resource using new underground coal gasification technology. This technology can produce synthetic natural gas and other products at a fraction of current oil and gas prices from coal that cannot otherwise be accessed. Laurus has leased over 2 billion metric tons of coal in Alberta and plans to commence a calibration burn within 6 months to demonstrate the technology and establish off-take agreements. The goal is to solve energy problems, build a large reserves base, and create the next great North American energy company.
BP's strategy presentation outlines plans to grow production and profits while transitioning to a lower-carbon energy future. Key points include restoring revenues through operational improvements, controlling costs, accessing new resources, and investing in gas, renewables, and efficiency. BP aims to outperform peers through efficient exploration, high-quality refining assets, and growth in international businesses. The presentation identifies opportunities to improve earnings, returns, and project execution to realize BP's potential.
Anadarko CEO Jim Hackett spoke to students at Southern Methodist University about how our nation’s low-carbon future and economy rests on abundant, clean, American natural gas. His speech is part of the prestigious Frank Pitts Lecture Series at the Maguire Energy Institute.
The document discusses trends in hydropower deployment globally and regionally. It notes that Brazil generates 87.2% of its electricity from renewables, mostly hydro at 81.2%. While Brazil has already developed 34% of its hydro potential, it has an estimated remaining potential of 260 GW, mostly in the Amazon basin. Major new hydro projects like Belo Monte aim to develop this clean energy resource while promoting regional development.
The best suited powertrain technology for cars should be chosen depending on miles driven per year and type of usage (more or less highway and urban). The ideal powertrain solution is only for a certain set of driving style and usage a gasoline/electric hybrid powertrain. For others a straight diesel powertrain, a gasoline powertrain or a diesle/electric powertrain are the best solutions.
Gas for Power Generation or for Industry - A case for PakistanBilal Pasha
The document discusses the impact of diverting natural gas supplies from the industrial sector to the power sector in Pakistan. It notes that this diversion has resulted in divisions amongst various stakeholders and presents challenges. It provides background on Pakistan's natural gas reserves and infrastructure as well as consumption trends by province and sector. The diversion of gas to address power shortages has negatively impacted fertilizer production and textile exports while increasing reliance on imported fuels. The document calls for an inclusive energy policy and prioritizing gas allocations according to economic value to maximize benefits.
Jim Yardley, president of a pipeline group, presented at a conference on the natural gas pipeline outlook. He discussed several challenges facing the industry, including ensuring adequate gas supply for the US, building needed infrastructure given rising costs and workforce issues, determining gas's role in greenhouse gas policy, and maintaining safety in pipeline operations and damage prevention. While there are significant opportunities, meeting these challenges will be important for the continued delivery of gas safely and reliably.
Policy Forum Series: Reha - The Role of Natural Gas in Minnesota's Energy FutureEnvironmental Initiative
The document discusses the role of natural gas in Minnesota's energy future. It notes the uncertainties around natural gas supply and prices given increased domestic shale gas production. It also discusses challenges around valuing energy efficiency, renewable energy, and properly accounting for environmental costs. The document outlines Minnesota's energy policies around reducing fossil fuel use and increasing renewable energy use by certain targets. It describes the integrated resource planning process that utilities in Minnesota use to ensure reliable and least cost energy resources over 15 years.
This document summarizes Xcel Energy's energy supply plan and performance. It outlines Xcel's diverse fuel mix including coal, natural gas, nuclear, renewables and purchases. It shows that Xcel has lower non-fuel and fuel costs than peers. The document also discusses Xcel's strong operational performance across its plants, environmental stewardship initiatives to reduce emissions, and cost management through sourcing and construction projects completed on time and on budget.
This document summarizes Xcel Energy's energy supply plan and performance. It outlines Xcel's diverse fuel mix including coal, natural gas, nuclear, renewables and purchases. It shows that Xcel has lower non-fuel and fuel costs than peers. The document also discusses Xcel's environmental initiatives to reduce emissions and meet regulations. It highlights Xcel's strong operational performance across its plants, cost management initiatives that have saved millions, and recently completed construction projects on time and on budget.
This document summarizes Xcel Energy's energy supply plan and performance. It outlines Xcel's diverse fuel mix including coal, natural gas, nuclear, renewables and purchases. It shows that Xcel has lower non-fuel O&M and fuel costs per MWh than peers. The document also discusses Xcel's initiatives to improve plant availability and reduce emissions to comply with environmental regulations at lower costs. It provides examples of Xcel's successful completed construction projects on time and on budget.
This document summarizes a presentation on modern shale gas development. It discusses how advances in horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing have made shale gas production economically viable in recent years. It provides an overview of major shale gas plays in the US and details of the geology, drilling, fracturing process and environmental considerations of shale gas development. The presentation emphasizes how horizontal drilling reduces surface impacts compared to vertical wells and discusses water sourcing, reuse and disposal in different shale basins.
The forest products industry faces cumulative burdens from new air regulations that will cost billions. Key rules like Boiler MACT imposed high costs, though revisions have helped. Upcoming rules on pulp and paper operations, particulate matter standards, and greenhouse gas regulation could mean further high costs. Biomass emissions from forest growth offset fossil fuel releases, but accounting is still uncertain. Sustainable regulations are needed that consider costs, science, and economic impacts.
July 2010 - Michigan Energy Forum - Robert H. GermanAnnArborSPARK
Bob German from DTE Energy presents: An overview of carbon markets including policy and the value chain - Types of carbon projects being developed - Typical carbon transaction structures - How can I get involved in the carbon space?
This document discusses hydraulic fracturing in Canada. It provides an overview of Encana Corporation, one of Canada's largest natural gas producers. It addresses public concerns regarding the safety and environmental impacts of hydraulic fracturing. The industry has responded to these concerns by developing guiding principles through the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers around issues like water usage, chemical disclosure, and seismic activity. The document also outlines Encana's experience implementing practices like fracturing fluid additive disclosure and risk assessment to address stakeholder concerns over hydraulic fracturing.
120214 2148 natural gas presentation (first draft version)hzb3
The panel discussion will focus on the latest green technologies related to hydraulic fracturing. Joseph Degenfelder, CEO of Atlantic Green Fuels, will discuss cutting edge technology in hydraulic fracturing and biofuels. He will be joined by Keith Hall, Director of the Louisiana Mineral Law Institute and Arthur McGarr from the U.S. Geological Service. The panelists will discuss these topics and take questions from the audience.
This document provides an overview of Xcel Energy Inc. for investors attending the EEI International Financial Conference. It summarizes Xcel's business segments, strengths, investment merits, capital investment plans, power supply, environmental commitments, and financial performance. Projections for 2004 earnings per share and cash flow are also presented. Key points include Xcel being the 4th largest US electric and gas utility, a growing service area, low rates, and a goal of providing competitive total returns of 7-9% to shareholders.
This document provides an overview of Xcel Energy Inc. for investors attending the EEI International Financial Conference. It summarizes Xcel's financial performance, business segments, generation assets, environmental commitments, regulatory strategy, and earnings guidance. The presentation outlines Xcel's strengths as a utility, investment merits, and objectives to invest additional capital in its utility business and improve credit ratings while providing competitive returns.
This document provides an overview of Xcel Energy Inc. for investors attending the EEI International Financial Conference. It summarizes Xcel's financial performance, business segments, generation assets, environmental commitments, regulatory strategy, and earnings guidance. The presentation outlines Xcel's strengths as a growing utility, its investment merits, and capital expenditure plans to improve its credit ratings and provide competitive returns.
Presentation by Louisiana Oil & Gas Association Marketing Director Ben Broussard to the AESC in Lafayette, LA on March 24th, 2015. Contact Ben for more info:
ben@loga.la
www.loga.la
Twitter @LaOilGasAssoc
Facebook.com/LouisianaOilGasAssociation
This document summarizes the state of Louisiana's oil and gas industry, highlighting its importance to the state's economy and new opportunities. It notes that Louisiana has become a leader in liquefied natural gas export terminals and manufacturing due to low natural gas prices. However, it also discusses roadblocks such as an unfavorable legal climate that has reduced drilling activity and caused funding losses for education and healthcare.
The document discusses Louisiana's oil and gas industry, focusing on its shale plays like the Haynesville Shale. It provides statistics on the Haynesville Shale like it being the largest natural gas field in the US, its $14 billion estimated economic impact in 2012, and over 2,000 producing wells. Maps show the location of wells in the Haynesville Shale and other plays that have helped make Louisiana a leading energy producer.
June 27, 2012
A special session will be held in the morning on Legacy Lawsuits “The Limited Admission Legislation” – assuming the legacy legislation makes it through the legislative process. This 3-hour session will give those involved in Legacy Lawsuits a detailed analysis of the legislation that was passed and instructions on how defendants should move forward and navigate the waters. We will have speakers available for a Q & A panel following the presentation. You do not want to miss this event.
Natural gas resources in Louisiana are abundant. The state has an estimated 2,600 trillion cubic feet of natural gas resources, which could supply the current US demand of 65 billion cubic feet per day for over 100 years. The Haynesville Shale in northwest Louisiana is currently the most productive natural gas field in the US, contributing an estimated $14 billion to Louisiana's economy and supporting over 60,000 jobs in 2012 through its 1,900 producing wells. The document provides additional details on Haynesville Shale production activity and other active natural gas plays in Louisiana.
- 56% of the top 50 oil producers in Louisiana have been defendants in legacy lawsuits regarding environmental damages from oil production. These companies represent 79% of Louisiana's total crude oil production.
- Legacy lawsuits seek to recover clean-up costs and damages from environmental issues dating back to the 1930s when open pits were used. Plaintiffs locate old fields from early periods of production to target in lawsuits.
- Over 271 legacy suits have been filed in Louisiana with over 1,500 defendants. The lawsuits have significantly impacted the oil and gas insurance market in Louisiana.
The document discusses the future potential for natural gas, specifically liquefied natural gas (LNG) and compressed natural gas (CNG). It notes that North America has over 100 years of natural gas supply based on current usage. Natural gas provides environmental and economic benefits compared to gasoline and diesel. The transportation sector, especially heavy-duty vehicles, is seen as a major opportunity for expanded natural gas use. On average, CNG costs 44% less than gasoline in the United States.
The document summarizes Louisiana's Legacy Lawsuit and ACT 312 process for addressing oil and gas contamination on private property. It outlines that the last operator of record is responsible for remediating contamination to state standards. It also discusses standards like 29-B and RECAP for remediation, the role of the Department of Natural Resources, and landowner rights and options under the process. Key points of contention like timelines, admission of liability, and use of RECAP standards are also covered.
The document summarizes LOGA's legislative agenda and other energy-related bills for the 2012 legislative session. Key points include amendments to the ACT 312 statute to clarify liability issues without requiring admission of fault; legislation around non-consent operations and risk charges; proposals to incentivize ultra-deep drilling; and renewal of ACT 955 regarding water use agreements. Other bills aimed to strengthen landowner rights and groundwater management.
The document discusses Louisiana's oil and gas industry, with three key points:
1) Louisiana has large oil and gas resources, especially from unconventional sources like the Haynesville Shale, which is one of the largest natural gas fields in the US.
2) Advanced technologies like hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling have revolutionized the domestic oil and gas industry and greatly increased production from shale and other tight rock formations.
3) Louisiana's oil and gas industry has had a significant economic impact, supporting thousands of jobs and billions in annual economic activity through development of resources like the Haynesville Shale.
The document discusses the state of the oil and gas industry. It provides statistics showing that the US imports about half of its liquid fuel supply and is the largest consumer of oil, using over 19 million barrels per day. It also outlines that Russia and Saudi Arabia are the two largest oil producers globally. Hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling have revolutionized the domestic oil and gas industry in the US.
The document provides an overview of oil and natural gas in Louisiana presented at a New Member Orientation by the Louisiana Oil & Gas Association (LOGA). It discusses LOGA's role representing the independent oil and gas sector. It reviews Louisiana's long history with oil and gas development dating back to the early 1900s. It also outlines the economic importance of oil and gas to the state, generating 15% of the general fund and supporting many jobs. Key active areas of development discussed include the Haynesville Shale, central Louisiana oil plays, ultra-deep drilling, and the Gulf of Mexico.
The document summarizes the state of the US oil and gas industry from 2000-2011, including key events, price fluctuations, production levels, and policy issues. It highlights the economic importance of the industry in Louisiana and challenges it faces, such as increased regulation, lawsuits, and a difficult legislative environment. Alternative fuels like CNG are also discussed as an opportunity for the industry.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Speck&Tech
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
4. Our Dependence on Foreign Oil
• How much do we use?
– 4.25 billion barrels imported in 2010
• How much does it cost?
– $337 billion spent on imported oil in 2010
– $1,091 for each person in America
– In 2009, energy imports made up nearly 60% of our trade deficit
• Where does the money go?
– Among the top countries we import from: Venezuela, Saudi
Arabia, Nigeria, Russia, Algeria, Angola and Iraq.
5. Petroleum Tops Transportation Portfolio
Alternative Fuel 0.06%
Gasoline
Diesel
Alternative Fuel
24%
34%
66%
76%
U.S. Louisiana
Gasoline – 140.6 Billion GGE Gasoline – 2.1 Billion GGE (65.6%)
Diesel – 44.5 Billion GGE Diesel – 1.1 Billion GGE (27.9%)
Alt. Fuels – .4 Billion GGE Alt. Fuels – .002 Billion GGE (0.1%)
Equivalent to 21.5 Tcf or 58.9 Bcfd Equivalent to 376.7 Bcf or 1.03 Bcfd
Source: Energy Information Administration (EIA), 2008, Excludes Oxygenates
7. The Shale Gas Revolution
Cody Bakken
Gammon
Mowry Antrim
EIA: 2011
Baxter-Mancos
Marcellus/
Mancos
Niobrara
Devonian/Utica 862TCF shale
Pierre
Lewis
Mulky New Albany
Fayetteville
2,543TCF total
Woodford
Barnett-
Woodford Barnett
Floyd-Neal
Haynesville
67% INCREASE
in just three years
Eagle Ford
Source: EIA Annual Energy Outlook, 2008 to 2011
8. THE ADVANCED
TECHNOLOGY OF
HYDRAULIC
FRACTURING AND
LATERAL DRILLING
HAS CHANGED THE
THE DOMESTIC OIL
AND GAS INDUSTRY
9. Abundant by Any Estimate
Estimates of U.S. Recoverable Natural Gas
(TCF – trillion cubic feet))
2,836
Potential Shale Gas Resources 2,543
Potential Traditional Resources*
Proved Reserves 2,170
2,081 2,102 2,100
1,532
1,314 1,312
1,268
Potential Gas Committee Other Estimates
Sources:
ICF: As reported in BPC: http://www.bipartisanpolicy.org/projects/energy/naturalgas (Task Force on Ensuring Stable Natural Gas Markets)
EIA: See http://www.eia.gov/analysis/studies/worldshalegas/
PGC: Potential Gas Committee’s Advance Summary and press release of its biennial assessment; see www.potentialgas.org
CERA: IHS CERA, 2010, Fueling North America’s Energy Future: The Unconventional Natural Gas Revolution and the Carbon Agenda
MIT: MIT Energy Initiative, 2010, The Future of Natural Gas, interim report
10. US Consumes 23 Tcf per day
Abundant by Any Estimate Electric Power - 7.4 Tcf
Industrial - 6.6 Tcf
Residential - 5.0 Tcf
Commercial - 3.2 Tcf
Plant Fuel - 1.3 Tcf
Estimates of632 Bcf
Pipeline - U.S. Recoverable Natural Gas
(TCF – trillion cubic feet))
Vehicle - 32.8 Bcf
2,836
Potential Shale Gas Resources 2,543
Potential Traditional Resources*
Proved Reserves 2,170
2,081 2,102 2,100
1,532
1,314 1,312
1,268
Potential Gas Committee Other Estimates
Sources:
ICF: As reported in BPC: http://www.bipartisanpolicy.org/projects/energy/naturalgas (Task Force on Ensuring Stable Natural Gas Markets)
EIA: See http://www.eia.gov/analysis/studies/worldshalegas/
PGC: Potential Gas Committee’s Advance Summary and press release of its biennial assessment; see www.potentialgas.org
CERA: IHS CERA, 2010, Fueling North America’s Energy Future: The Unconventional Natural Gas Revolution and the Carbon Agenda
MIT: MIT Energy Initiative, 2010, The Future of Natural Gas, interim report
12. Natural Gas Dominates Alt Fuel Portfolio
Electricity
2008 Consumption
Electricity CNG
E85
E85 CNG
LPG
U.S. – 430,329,000 Louisiana – 2,051,000
gasoline gallon equivalents (gge) gasoline gallon equivalents (gge)
Source: EIA Excludes Biodiesel, estimate for 2008 not available
13. Cleaner for Vehicles
Compared to gasoline or diesel, NGVs:
Source: NGVAmerica, U.S. EPA
Note: Comparison for replacement of diesel vehicle with a NGV
14. Cleaner for Vehicles
Compared to gasoline or diesel, NGVs:
Reduce CO2 emissions 20-30%
Reduce CO emissions 70-90%
Reduce NOx emissions 75-95%
Reduce Particulate Matter emissions 90%
Reduce VOC emissions 89%
Source: NGVAmerica, U.S. EPA
Note: Comparison for replacement of diesel vehicle with a NGV
15. Benefits: Heavy-Duty Vehicles
Miles Traveled Fuel Economy Fuel Consumed
(average per year) (average mpg) (average gallons per year)
Heavy-Duty Vehicles Vans, Pickups & SUVs Passenger Cars
Source: EIA Annual Energy Review 2009
16. Benefits: What We Can Do
Converting just one … offers the emissions
heavy-duty waste truck reduction equivalent of
from diesel to natural taking 325 cars off the
gas… road.
17. Natural Gas Opportunity
Natural Gas Vehicles by Continent Italy as an Example
Natural Gas Vehicles (Millions)
• ~600,000 NGVs
6.0
• 37% growth since 2007
• NGVs have 7% market share of
4.5 all new vehicles purchased
• Cost of CNG is 50% to 60%
3.0 less expensive than gasoline
• Government incentives
1.5 • Imports 89% of natural gas
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Asia Europe N. America S. America Fiat Qubo Natural Power
Africa
Source: IANGV, NGVA Europe, Fiat
18. Savings On the Road and at the Pump
Average U.S. Retail Fuel Prices
Per Gasoline Gallon Equivalent (GGE)
U.S. Average Retail Fuel Prices
$5.00
$3.75
Propane
Cost per GGE
E85
$2.50 B99/B100
B20
Gasoline
Diesel
$1.25 CNG
$0
4/10/00
10/9/00
6/4/01
10/22/01
2/11/02
4/15/02
7/22/02
10/28/02
2/10/03
12/8/03
3/8/04
6/14/04
11/15/04
3/21/05
9/1/05
1/1/06
5/24/06
9/4/06
2/21/07
7/3/07
10/2/07
1/1/08
4/1/08
7/1/08
10/1/08
1/30/09
4/15/09
7/31/09
10/26/09
1/29/10
4/12/10
7/23/10
10/24/10
1/25/11
Source: DOE, Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicles Data Center
21. Nat Gas vs. Conventional Gasoline
On average, CNG costs
44% less than gasoline
Seattle
CNG - $1.72
Gas - $3.93 Bismarck
CNG - $1.95
Gas - $3.84 Detroit
CNG - $1.94
San Francisco Gas - $4.04
CNG - $2.45
Gas - $4.19 New York
Salt Lake CNG - $2.60
City Gas - $3.99
CNG - $1.27
Gas - $3.63
Los Angeles Wash., DC
CNG - $2.70 Denver CNG - $2.40
CNG - $2.50 Nashville
Gas - $4.31 CNG - $1.63 Gas - $3.88
Gas - $3.67 Little Rock Gas - $3.74
CNG - $1.60
Gas - $3.59
San Diego
CNG - $2.90
Gas - $3.97
Atlanta
CNG - $2.60
Gas - $3.89
Dallas
CNG - $2.40
Gas - $3.59 Baton Rouge,
Ft. Lauderdale
LA CNG - $2.19
CNG - $1.69 Gas - $3.83
Gas - $3.53
Source: CNG prices captured in June 2011 by CNGPrices.com
Gas prices reflect city average on June 2, 2011 from GasBuddy.com
22. Infrastructure: Refueling Stations
Natural Gas Refueling Stations
(current or planned as of July 2010)
15
3 2 1
12 2
9 2 3
17 100 21
8 13
27 23 RI – 5
1
12 CT – 13
11 84 5
243 25 9 1 DE – 1
29 DC - 2
2 13
10
4 17 0-10 stations
46 50
11 4 4 10‐19
27 20-49
2 5
33 50 or more
9
1 17
Source: NGV America
23. U.S. Natural Gas
Refueling Infrastructure
• CNG Stations - 899 Total
Public Access Private Access
– 382 Public access stations (~42%) 900
– 517 Private access stations (~58%)
675
• LNG stations - 44 Total 450
– 15 Public access stations (~34%) 225
– 29 Private access stations (~66%)
0
CNG LNG
Source: DOE, EIA, AFDC; figures as May 12, 2011
24. Texas Clean
Transportation Triangle
• Establish fueling infrastructure
at regular intervals on interstate
exists along I-35, I-10, and I-45
to service long-haul
transportation vehicles
• Anchor stations proximal to
urban settings to act as hubs for
more localized traffic
• 15 stations offering public LNG
and CNG located at current
retail facilities along the
interstates
• Cooperative effort between
natural gas producers, fleet
customers and retail partners
25. Louisiana Plan for Future Fueling
Infrastructure – the “Blue Boot”
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Louisiana CNG Stations
Target LCNG Stations
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) Lake Providence Priority: 3
Target CNG Stations
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Projection: WGS84
Date: June 1, 2011
Compiled by: Elizabeth Ellis
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Denver, Colorado Metairie
Data Sources: ESRI Interstates
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This Product was prepared by:
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370 17th Street
Denver, CO 80202
This map is for illustrative purposes only and is not a legally Population: 32,393
recorded plan or survey and is not intended to be used for such
purposes. Do not rely on this map as being a precise indicator
of routes, land boundaries, locations of features nor as a guide
for navigation.
Encana Natural Gas Inc. makes no warranty, cannot guarantee, Basemap
and does not assume any liability or responsibility whatsoever
for the quality and accuracy of the data and information contained Interstates
herein. Users of the data and information contained herein
do so at their own risk. In no event shall Encana Natural Gas Inc. Primary Highway
be liable for injury, expenses, profits, loss or damage, direct,
incidental or consequential or any other pecuniary loss
arising out of the use or inability to use the data and information
Secondary Highway
contained herein.
Usage, manipulation, or reproduction, in any form, of the data City Streets
and information contained herein is prohibited without permission
of Encana Natural Gas Inc.
www.encana.com
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32. A U S T R A L I A A R G E N T I N A C A N A D A E G Y P T N O R T H S E A U . S . C E N T R A L U . S . G U L F
CNG Fleet Seminar & Workshop
LafayeTe, Louisiana
October 5, 2011
34. Apache NGV Mission
u Apache’s mission is to promote natural gas as the alterna6ve transporta6on fuel
of choice . This ini6a6ve includes increasing the number of natural gas vehicles
in our fleet as well as expanding the natural gas fueling sta6on infrastructure.
Good Morning. My name is X . Today, I am representing America’s Natural Gas Alliance as well as the Louisiana Oil and Gas Association (LOGA).\n\nWe’re pleased to be with you today, and to have the chance to talk to you a little bit about the revolutionary changes that natural gas is bringing to our clean energy landscape, and what that means for the transportation sector specifically here in Louisiana. \n\nSome topics that we’ll cover today: \n\n There’s a lot going on with natural gas these days. What’s really behind the talk about a “shale gale” and a revolution in natural gas? \n\n Natural gas is poised to change the energy landscape in communities across the United States. And not just off in the distant future – were talking real impacts, right now in respect to economic growth, environmental benefits, and how the abundance of clean, natural gas can offer affordable and stable pricing and promote our country’s energy security. \n\n What opportunities exist for you, as leaders in this state, to harness Louisiana’s natural gas and help re-power the transportation sector. \n
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In 2010, we imported 4.25 BILLION barrels of oil. That means we sent nearly $337 billion dollars overseas – the equivalent of $1,091 for every man, woman and child in America that left our communities and went to other countries.\n\nIt’s time for a change. Approximately 98 percent of the natural gas we use in America comes from our own continent. Making better use of our vast abundance of domestic natural gas is will benefit local economies, reduce our dependence on foreign oil and increase our national security.\n
The transportation sector is still overwhelmingly reliant on liquid petroleum products for power, both nationally and locally in Louisiana. \n\nThis data is from the federal Energy Information Agency, in their report “Alternatives to Traditional Transportation Fuels” from 2007. \n\nAs you can see, oil will continue to be the dominant fuel for years to come. \n\nBut as we’ve heard from national advocates like T. Boone Pickens and others, the move toward natural gas isn’t to displace domestic fuels, but can help us wean our dependence on foreign sources of oil. \n\nFrom Energy Information Agency, Alternatives to Traditional Transportation Fuels, 2008\n\nNatural gas volumes calculated using 1,000 Btu/cf.\n
Natural gas is something that we have in abundance. It is widely accepted now that we have enough accessible natural gas in throughout our country to literally power America for generations. \n\nHow did this come about? Just a few years ago, it seemed that any expansion of natural gas for power generation would be tied to increased imports of liquefied natural gas. It was stacking up to be yet another case of U.S. dependence on foreign sources of energy.\n\nThat has changed dramatically with the rise of the U.S. shale plays – vast deposits of natural gas located a mile or more below the earth’s surface. Technological developments have allowed us to tap into these previously unreachable resources. And in the past few years, we’ve seen the beginning of what experts call “the shale gas revolution. “ \n
You see the major shale plays depicted on the slide here.\n\nNatural gas is now produced in 32 out of 50 states in the U.S., and it creates jobs in every state in our union—more than 2.8 million jobs total.\n\nThe Energy Information Administration, the Potential Gas Committee, MIT and Cambridge Energy Research Associates all have arrived at the same conclusion: Our nation now has enough natural gas right here in America to power our economy for generations. \n\nAnd, these new discoveries have fundamentally transformed the long-term outlook for natural gas supplies and the potential U.S. role as a clean energy leader.\n
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EIA estimates of natural gas resources:\n \nReserves:  272.5 TCF (of which 60.6 is shale gas)\nTechnically recoverable shale gas:  862 TCF\nOther technically recoverable natural gas (traditional, tight, coalbed methane): 1408.5\n \nTOTAL natural gas resource base: 2,543 TCF\n
Where we see significant opportunity for natural gas is in cleaner, greener transportation. Natural gas vehicles outperform conventional fuels with a significantly higher octane rating, better fuel efficiency and lower operating costs - all while offering dramatic reductions in emissions.\n\nNatural gas vehicles emit 25 percent less CO2 than vehicles that run on traditional gasoline or diesel. And, in many respects it is a complement to electric vehicles, since it is able to power heavier vehicles—city buses, tractor-trailers. So it’s ideal for large transportation fleets. \n\nThat’s where we are focusing our ANGA transportation efforts and where we can have the biggest impact—transitioning some of the busiest and heaviest vehicles on the road.\n
\nThis slide is from the same report but shows the breakdown of alternative fuel consumption in the transportation sector. As you can see, both nationally and here in Louisiana, the sector dominated by natural gas products, including CNG, LNG and LPG. \n\nFrom Energy Information Agency, Alternatives to Traditional Transportation Fuels, 2008\n\n\nFrom Energy Information Agency, Alternatives to Traditional Transportation Fuels, 2007\n
Natural gas is cleaner on the road than other transportation fuels, emitting 25% less CO2 than vehicles that run on traditional gasoline or diesel, and significantly fewer harmful pollutants such as NOx, SOx and particulates.\n
Natural gas is cleaner on the road than other transportation fuels, emitting 25% less CO2 than vehicles that run on traditional gasoline or diesel, and significantly fewer harmful pollutants such as NOx, SOx and particulates.\n
Natural gas is cleaner on the road than other transportation fuels, emitting 25% less CO2 than vehicles that run on traditional gasoline or diesel, and significantly fewer harmful pollutants such as NOx, SOx and particulates.\n
Natural gas is cleaner on the road than other transportation fuels, emitting 25% less CO2 than vehicles that run on traditional gasoline or diesel, and significantly fewer harmful pollutants such as NOx, SOx and particulates.\n
Natural gas is cleaner on the road than other transportation fuels, emitting 25% less CO2 than vehicles that run on traditional gasoline or diesel, and significantly fewer harmful pollutants such as NOx, SOx and particulates.\n
Natural gas is cleaner on the road than other transportation fuels, emitting 25% less CO2 than vehicles that run on traditional gasoline or diesel, and significantly fewer harmful pollutants such as NOx, SOx and particulates.\n
Natural gas is cleaner on the road than other transportation fuels, emitting 25% less CO2 than vehicles that run on traditional gasoline or diesel, and significantly fewer harmful pollutants such as NOx, SOx and particulates.\n
Natural gas is cleaner on the road than other transportation fuels, emitting 25% less CO2 than vehicles that run on traditional gasoline or diesel, and significantly fewer harmful pollutants such as NOx, SOx and particulates.\n
Natural gas is cleaner on the road than other transportation fuels, emitting 25% less CO2 than vehicles that run on traditional gasoline or diesel, and significantly fewer harmful pollutants such as NOx, SOx and particulates.\n
Natural gas is cleaner on the road than other transportation fuels, emitting 25% less CO2 than vehicles that run on traditional gasoline or diesel, and significantly fewer harmful pollutants such as NOx, SOx and particulates.\n
One area where we can make a big difference in cutting emissions right now is with the largest, heaviest and busiest vehicles on the road today. \n\nThey travel the most miles, have significantly lower fuel economy, and use more than 3 and-a half times times as much gasoline as all other vehicles combined. They are also responsible for a disproportionate amount of CO2 and other pollutant emissions.\n\nHeavy and medium duty vehicles and vehicle fleets also tend to have centralized fueling infrastructure, which makes the adoption of natural gas an easier, more economic choice. \n\nNGVs are uniquely well suited here, as current electric and hybrid technologies don’t yet support these larger, heavier vehicles.\n
Here’s one example of the impact that this type of switch could have. \n
\nA further comparison of North America versus the rest of the world. \n\nWhile development has been slow, it can ramp up extremely quickly, as shown in this example from Italy, where they’ve experienced 37% growth in NGV’s since 2007. \n
This chart from the Department of Energy charts fuel prices over the last 10 years. \n\nWhen compared by the standard measure of Gasoline Gallon Equivalent or GGE, CNG has been the lowest cost fuel at the pump during this timeframe, staying below $2.00 per GGE. \n
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Now to the economics. \n\nNatural gas costs, on average, one-third less than conventional gasoline at the pump. \n\nNGVs are proving to have lower operating and maintenance costs, generating significant vehicle life-cycle savings. Because natural gas burns so cleanly, it results in less wear and tear on the engine and extends the time between tune-ups and oil changes. Many fleets report 15-28% savings compared to diesel fleets.\n\nAnd right now with gasoline prices climbing again, the lower price of CNG becomes even more appealing. \n\nThese prices are from late-March at stations around the country.\n
But as we look to grow the use of natural gas vehicles, we don’t just need pipelines, we also need refueling stations where you can fill up a truck with natural gas as easily as you can with diesel fuel. \n\nNatural gas vehicle fueling infrastructure is on the rise in the United States, thanks to a convergence of:\n company efforts to run cleaner, more affordable fleets, and\n local governments growing concerned about air quality, and\n a growing commitment to vehicles that reduce our reliance on foreign oil.\n\nThere are about 110,000 natural gas vehicles on U.S. roads today and around 1,600 natural gas fueling stations So we need to continue to make this infrastructure a priority.\n\nUnder the recent federal stimulus act, the Department of Energy funded 25 different projects for alternative fuel, infrastructure and advanced technology vehicles. 19 of these 25 projects included natural gas, and these commitments include support for 140 new fueling stations.\n\nWe’re also seeing support at the state and local level, where we are particularly encouraged by cooperative efforts between local governments, our own industry, and potential customers. \n
Here’s a current snapshot of the current infrastructure in the U.S., as of May 2011. \n
The Texas Clean Transportation Triangle is a great example of a project designed to spur CNG development regionally. \n\nIt’s an effort currently underway to create a natural gas transportation corridor connecting four of the five largest metropolitan areas in the State of Texas including Dallas/Fort Worth, Austin, San Antonio, and Houston\n\nIt would be comprised of strategically located natural gas fueling stations along the key routes in order to provide fueling coverage for natural gas vehicles operating along the TCTT. \n \nThis proposed network of natural gas refueling stations will provide an important opportunity for Texas companies and Texas fleet operators to transition to lower cost and domestically produced natural gas.\n
Here are some good things to think about if you’re seriously considering natural gas use, particularly in a fleet setting. \n\nAnalyze your fleet\nExisting vehicle types (make, model, year) \nFuel use - gallons per month, miles per gallon \nRefueling behavior - when and where do you fill up currently? \n\nAnalyze your refueling needs\nNeed for time-fill or fast-fill\nNeed for single or multiple CNG refueling sites\nEvaluate existing public infrastructure\n\nIdentify partners\n\nSeek educational and training opportunities\n\nThese questions will give you a good starting point. On the following slides, we’ll also provide some partnership and grant opportunities that can help you find answers. \n
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CNG refueling corridor opportunities in Louisiana juxtaposed with the TCTT proposal. \n
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As you think about the decision to switch to natural gas, this slide shows an assortment of vehicles that can either be purchased with natural gas fueling systems or converted. From Chevy pickups, to the Honda CGX sedan….18-wheelers, public buses and waste haulers. \n\nWe’re seeing more and more NGV options from industry leaders like Chevy, Ford, and Peterbilt trucks, to engine makers like Cummins Westport. \n
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As mentioned before, there are moves being made at the national level to pass legislation which would support an increase in NGV infrastructure. \n\nHowever, there are ways that you can help on the state and local level to utilize natural gas immediately, as well as funding programs in place to help you do that. \n\nI wanted to close today by sharing with you some of the policies we are supporting at ANGA to help make it easier for folks like you to choose natural gas for your fleet vehicles\n\nTax Incentives\nCurrently, 35 states and many regional and local governments offer tax incentives that support the adoption of natural gas vehicles. Some states also permit certain alternative fuel vehicles to operate in HOV carpool lanes during rush hour.\n\nAnd, federal legislation is under consideration in Washington that would further encourage this progress. The NAT GAS Act would significantly expand incentives for natural gas vehicles and has strong bipartisan support in both the House and Senate. This legislation would:\n Promote the domestic production of natural gas vehicles by allowing manufacturers to expense the cost of building new manufacturing capacity.\n Provide tax credits for the installation of natural gas pumps at service stations and for at-home fueling systems.\n Provide tax credits for the purchase of natural gas vehicles.\n
A comparison of Louisiana’s incentive program compared to both the federal government and other leading states. \n
A comparison of Louisiana’s incentive program compared to both the federal government and other leading states. \n
Some additional programs available to you in Louisiana. \n
Regarding the Recovery Act dollars mentioned before, there’s still ARRA funding available in Louisiana that could potentially be used for CNG. \n\nRoughly $3 million dollars is available for municipalities in the state and DNR has confirmed that 100% of those funds will go to CNG projects, but only toward vehicles and not infrastructure.\n
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Here are some good things to think about if you’re seriously considering natural gas use, particularly in a fleet setting. \n\nAnalyze your fleet\nExisting vehicle types (make, model, year) \nFuel use - gallons per month, miles per gallon \nRefueling behavior - when and where do you fill up currently? \n\nAnalyze your refueling needs\nNeed for time-fill or fast-fill\nNeed for single or multiple CNG refueling sites\nEvaluate existing public infrastructure\n\nIdentify partners\n\nSeek educational and training opportunities\n\nThese questions will give you a good starting point. On the following slides, we’ll also provide some partnership and grant opportunities that can help you find answers. \n
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And here’s a full list of resources on NGV’s online. \n