1.Introduction to Gas chromatography. 2.History of Gas chromatography. 3. Principal of working. 4. Factors affecting gas chromatography. 5. Components of Gas chromatography.

2. OUTLINES
 CHROMATOGRAPHY
 HISTORY
 GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
 GAS CHROMATOGRAPH MAIN
COMPONENTS
 WORKING PRINCIPLE OF GC
 PROCEDURE OF GC
 FACTORS AFFECTING GC

3. •Greek word “CHROMA” and “Graphein”.
•Process of separation and analyzation of
complex mixture

4. It works on the basis of rate at which
the types of components flow. As the
mixture of various components enter
the chromatograph we will observe that
the different components of a mixture
move/flow at different rate. This
different rate of flowing is responsible
for the separation of their components.

6. Mikhail Tswett
Russian Botanist
(1872-1919)
John Martin
British chemist
1910-2002

7.  Gas chromatography is separation method.
Gas chromatography is
a chromatographic technique that can be
used to separate volatile organic compounds.
Gas Chromatography consists of two
phases.
 Mobile Phase
 Stationary phase

9. GAS CHROMATOGRAPH MAIN
COMPONENETS:
Carrier Gas
Injection Port
Column
Oven
Detector
Sample

11.  This is the mobile phase and
should be inert gas(he, ar etc)
INJECTION PORT
 The injection port consist of rubber
septum through which a syringe
needle is inserted to inject the sample.

12. COLUMN
Column is the most important
component where separation takes place.
OVEN
Oven is also an important
component in which column is fitted.

13. DETECTOR
Detector is to indicate the presence and
measure the amount of component eluted
out from the column.
SAMPLE
The mixture of components which is to
be analyzed.

14. WORKING PRINCIPLE OF
GC
 It works on the principle that the organic
compounds are separated due to differences in
their partitioning behavior between Mobile
phase and Stationary phase.
 The mobile phase is comprised of inert gas.
The stationary phase consists of packed
column.

15. PROCEDURE OF
 SGamCple is injected in column.
 Oven heats the system to vaporize
the sample and speed its passage
through the column.
 The different components of the
sample will be separated by the column
because each of the components “sticks”
to the liquid coating that on the
column packing differently.

16.  When a substance leaves the column, it
is sensed by a detector.
 The detector generates the voltage that
is proportional to the amount of the
substance.
 Chromatogram

18. Temperature: T he higher the
temperature, the more of the compound is in
the gas phase.
Carrier gas flow: If the carrier gas
flow is high, the molecules do not have a
chance to interact with the stationary phase.
 Column length: The longer the
column is the better the separation usually is.

19. Amount of material injected: The
injection of too much sample causes poor
separation.
Conclusion: High temperatures and high
flow rates decrease the retention time, but also
deteriorate the quality of the separation.

20. PRESENTED BY:
ALLAH WARAYO
(12PG41)
NOOR MUHAMMAD
(12PG37)
ABDUL KARIM
(12PG34)

21. Question or any Queries