Game Thinking is an approach that focuses on driving customer engagement through skill-building and mastery. The key techniques include finding super-fans as early customers, designing a learning loop for skill progression, and mapping out a customer's journey from discovery to mastery. When building an MVP, the document recommends focusing on the core learning loop to engage customers in an activity that satisfies needs and provides feedback. Iterative testing with super-fans and tuning the skill-building experience is important for learning and improving the product.