Game Thinking
drive product/market fit & lasting engagement
with
What is Game Thinking?
Upgrade your user,
not your product… 

make people better at
something they want
to get better at.
Kathy Sierra
Co-creator,, Head First Series
Make your customers more awesome
Game Thinking Quotes
To increase your chances
of success, minimize
time through the 

Build/Measure/
Learn cycle
Eric Ries
Author, The Lean Startup
Accelerate your Innovation Cycle
Game Thinking Quotes
Fun is just
another word
for learning
Raph Koster
Author, A Theory of Fun
Treat your customers as Learners
Game Thinking Quotes
what is
Game
Thinking?
what is
Game
Thinking?
what is
Game
Thinking?
what is
Game
Thinking?
what is
Game
Thinking?
smarter, faster

innovation
Game
Thinking
the art and science of
engaging customers
on a mastery path
Amy Jo Kim, Ph.D.
Game Designer &
Startup Coach
I help startups, game studios & global brands build
social products that drive long-term engagement
It all started when
I got laid off
I launched
my own
digital
design
company
wrote a book
about
Community
Design
then one day, I got the call
we created a breakthrough hit
Rock Band Players Apparently Have Better Music Perception
which led to more breakthrough hits
design work for major brands
a VC-funded braingames startup
hard lessons about early-stage innovation
& insights into what makes a hit
evergreen hit game
leading digital health app
online toy rental service
3 Game
Thinking

Techniques
to accelerate
innovation & build
lasting engagement
Super-fans
Learning Loop
Mastery Path
Have you ever
listened to the
wrong
customers?
Finding the right customers

can determine whether you
thrive - or fail
innovative gaming platform didn’t find an audience
digital health app found exactly the right audience
3
Test your ideas on
a handful of
passionate,
high-need early
customers
21
Super-fans
Create something
that a few people
love - even if most
people don’t get

it right away.
Paul Buchheit
Partner, Y-Combinator
Geoffrey Moore
Author, Crossing the Chasm
The technology adoption lifecycle (1991)
[Innovation Diffusion Theory]

Now, I’m not the first one to discover this. Way back in
1961, Everett Rogers of Bell Labs published his
landmark study of how innovation spreads in social
systems.
Everett Rogers
Scientist, Bell Labs
Innovation Diffusion Theory (1961)

Who to listen to - & who to ignore?
don’t rely on
friends & family
or people in
your ultimate
target market
increasing value over time
How do successful innovators 

find & leverage SuperFans?
your super-fans are
SPECIFIC to your project
rhythm action nerds
who know the basics
simulation enthusiasts
who love to make things
Lego-loving families who
enjoy sharing photos
customers of SAAS
consulting firms
if you want to cross the chasm…
find & leverage your Superfans* FIRST
* high-need high-value early customers
then expand from that base
Mastery Path
Empower your
customer over
time with learning
& skill-building
31 2
Discovery
Onboarding
Habit-Building
Mastery
what is my customer’s end-to-end experience?
how does it evolve over time?
is for Enthusiasts
Discovery
Stage 1: Discovery is for Visitors
What is this? Is it right for me?

What’s the value proposition?
is for EnthusiastsStage 2: Onboarding is for Newbies
Discovery
Onboarding
How do I learn the ropes? 

How do I start giving & getting value?
is for EnthusiastsStage 3: Habit-building is for Regulars
Discovery
Onboarding
Habit-Building
What urge pulls me back?
What am I getting better at?
is for EnthusiastsStage 4: Mastery is for Enthusiasts
Discovery
Onboarding
Habit-Building
Mastery
What skills & knowledge have I mastered?
How can I leverage that?
is for Enthusiasts
Discovery
Onboarding
Habit-Building
Mastery
Mastery Path
is for EnthusiastsStage 1: Discovery is for Visitors
Social Discovery
via Friends &
Colleagues
is for EnthusiastsStage 1: Onboarding is for Newbies
Learn the ropes
with a friendly bot
is for EnthusiastsStage 1: Habit-building is for Regulars
Customized group
chat with emojis,
bots & integrations
is for EnthusiastsStage 1: Mastery is for Enthusiasts
Launch a channel,
program a bot,
integrate your app
Have you ever
built the wrong
MVP?
we’ve seen the cartoons
(gotta love those cartoons)
but… what should you build first?
Robin Allenson

CEO, Similar.ai
from a polished game with no engagement…
…to a rough prototype 

that fashion designers
are begging to get their
hands on & use
Prototype & tune a
simple, engaging

skill-building
feedback loop
Learning Loop
321
Fun is just
another word
for learning
Raph Koster
Author, A Theory of Fun
“finding the fun” =
building engagement from the inside out
What’s the right MVP?
Fake 

landing page?
Fake 

landing page?
X
Operant
Conditioning
AKA 

Skinner Box?
X
Operant
Conditioning
AKA 

Skinner Box?
Skill-building =
making customers
more awesome
In a loop, you’re
learning a skill &
updating your mental
model. That’s what
leads to player
delight.
Dan Cook
Author, Lost Garden blog
Game Thinking Quotes
Check Updates
urge to connect with
your team
Read & Respond
to Updates
No More Updates
Need Attention
Customize your
channel &
expressions
Activity Chain
Feedback &
Progress
Investment Path
Internal Trigger
Core Loop
Check Updates
urge to connect with
your team
Read & Respond
to Updates
No More Updates
Need Attention
Customize your
experience
Trigger
Activity
Engaging
activity 

satisfies an
urge or need
Internal Trigger
Core Loop
Feedback &
progress
promote 

learning &
mastery
EscapeTime!

urge to dive into an
escapist world
Read & Respond
to Updates
No More Updates
Need Attention
Customize your
experience
Feedback &
Progress
Core Loop
EscapeTime!

urge to dive into an
escapist world
Read & Respond
to Updates
No More Updates
Need Attention
Customize your
experience
Investment Path
Investment 

& triggers 

pull people back
Engaged
Trigger
Check Notifications
Core Loop
Skill-building =
making customers
more awesome
Learning Loop =
making customers
more skillful
is for Enthusiasts
Discovery
Onboarding
Habit-Building
Mastery
Where should I focus
when I’m building my MVP?
the smartest MVP is a Core Learning Loop
Putting it all Together
What to build? Who to listen to? At what dev stage?
Build your roadmap with Game Thinking
You can use an eraser

on the drafting table 

or a sledge hammer

on the construction site
Frank Lloyd Wright
Architect
X-axis:
customer’s
journey
Game
Thinking
Roadmap
Y-axis:
developer’s
journey
X-axis:
customer’s
journey
Game
Thinking
Roadmap
Y-axis:
developer’s
journey
X-axis:
customer’s
journey
Game
Thinking
Roadmap
start with a
Learning
Loop
How do (the best) game designers
build and tune their MVP?
we imagined living out a rock star fantasy…
and started by tuning & iterating a single song
we imagined a doll house come to life…
and started with tiny world-building experiments
we imagined a cooperative dress-up game…
and piggy-backed our ideas onto existing habits
Everett Rogers
Scientist, Bell Labs
Playtesting
Progression
who do you listen to?
at what dev stage?
Early Majority
Closed Beta
Friends & Family
Team & 

Department
typical
play-testing
progression 

Early Majority
Closed Beta
Friends & Family
Team & 

Department
Super-fan
Community
super-fan
play-testing
progression 

What can Game Thinking do for you?
• Dramatically accelerate product discovery
• Create a high-learning MVP* for exactly the right customers
• Build an experience people come back to, again and again
• Improve your innovation outcomes
*Minimum Viable Product
The best way to
have a good
idea is to have
lots of ideas
Linus Pauling
Nobel-winning scientist
don’t fall in love with an
idea; fall in love with
solving a problem &
learning from your
customers
Prototype to Learn
a proven
system to 

run smarter
experiments
and
design for
learning &
mastery
Game Thinking Toolkit Clarify
Identify
Listen
Distill
Design
Prototype
Test
Validate
THANK YOU
@amyjokim
amyjokim.com
gamethinkinglive.com

Game Thinking Asia Keynote