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01 Basic GAD Concepts.pptx
- 1. Session 1 :Revisiting GAD Concepts and Theories
- 2. Legal Bases onGAD Sex and Gender Gender Equality and Equity Gender Issues Gender and Development C O V E R A G E
- 3. Review concept ofsex, gender, gender characteristics, gender roles, and other key concepts related to gender and development (GAD) mainstreaming. SESSION OBJECTIVE
- 4.
- 5. Strategic actions torealize women’s advancement in 12 areas: - poverty - education and training - health - violence against women - armed conflict - institutional mechanisms - human rights - power and decision making - media - economy - environment - girl child
- 6. • Translation ofCEDAW in national legislation • Revision of discriminatory provisions in national laws • Strengthening of the national machinery on women • Elimination of violence against women • Elimination of gender stereotyping • Implementation of the Anti-trafficking in Persons Act and elimination of exploitation in prostitution • Elimination of exploitation in prostitution
- 7. • Promotion andprotection of women migrants’ rights • Participation of women in public and political life • Lessening the adverse impact of trade liberalization to women • Promotion and protection of women’s reproductive health and rights • Empowerment of rural, indigenous and Muslim women • Acquisition of legal divorce • Engendering the MDGs/SDG • Linking CEDAW, BPFA and MDG/SDG
- 8. SDG 5 :Gender Equality - Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls SDG 10 : Reduced Inequalities - Reduce inequality within and among countries
- 9. The State recognizesthe role of women in nation building and shall promote the fundamental equality before the law of women and men (Art. II, Sec. 14)
- 10. Definition of SEX • biological •represents the genetic and physical identity of the person • one is either male or female
- 11. Sex role definition “Sex role"is that a man or a woman enacts a general set of expectations attached to their sex.
- 12. culturally ascribed, changing, misconceivedas “natural” box and limit women and men’s capabilities to be, to be with and to be for GENDER
- 13. Gender role definition Genderroles are learned behaviors in a given society/community, or other special group, that condition which activities and responsibilities are perceived as male and female.
- 15.
- 16. These are gender-linkedbeliefs (ideas, attitudes and behavior), systems, processes, conditions and situations that BLOCK an individual's (man or woman) attainment of full potentials (or a satisfying life)
- 17. What are the genderissues? 1. Gender-linked “labeling” (Stereotyping) 2. Multiple Burden 3. Economic Marginalization 4. Political Subordination 5. Abuse and gender-based Violence
- 18. Gender-linked “labels” (stereotypes) Automatic labels, characteristic sor roles given to men and women Fixed, unquestioned gender-linked beliefs that are dictated by culture and society Pagkakahon sa mga kagawiang pambabae at panlalaki
- 19.
- 20. Economic Marginalization • Non-valuation/under-valuationof women’s work Preventing or blocking persons from going up the ladder on the basis of their sex Mababang halaga sa gawaing panghanapbuhay
- 21. Limitadong pagpapasya Political Subordination Higherstatus of men…in the family, in organizations, in society Men’s decisions generally prevail
- 22. Violence Against Women Sexual Harassment Domestic Violence Rape Prostitution R.A. 9262 – Anti-Violence Against Women and Children
- 23.
- 24. The roots (mgaugat) of these gender issues: society schools church media family
- 25. • … hasthe most influence because the formative years of every individual is almost always spent with and developed by the family. 27 Social Institutions: FAMILY
- 26. • … theformal school system promotes and encourages the different gender roles between men and women. 28 Social Institutions: EDUCATION/SCHOOL
- 27. • … Mediaportray images of women which are often negative Social Institutions: MASS MEDIA
- 32. …. Religious teachings depicts womenas martyrs, self sacrificing and conservatives Social Institutions: RELIGION
- 33. • … Createslaws and policies that ensure the maintenance of the system. Social Institutions: THE STATE
- 34. Movement from • Marginalizatio n •Subordination • Multiple Burden • Violence Against Women • Stereotyping
- 35. Use of GenderEquality and Women Empowerment Framework in analysing gender issues • Achieving equality between women and men may involve the introduction of specific measures designed to eliminate prevailing gender inequalities and inequities. • Gender equality means promoting the equal participation of women as agents of economic, social, and political change.
- 36. These gender issuesand biases that violate rights and block the development of women are addressed by Gender and Development (GAD).
- 37. a globally- recognized development perspective; acknowledges that development affects people differently women’s roles are important and should be maximized women and men should be assisted in attaining their full potentials advocates that planning deliberately address the unique needs and situations of women
- 38. GAD enables womenand men…. to be, to be with, and to be for…
- 40. Gender Equality … bothwomen and men are free to develop their personal abilities and make choices without the limitations set by stereotypes, rigid gender roles and prejudices Gender Equity … giving to those who have less on the basis of needs, and taking steps to compensate for historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from otherwise operating on a level playing field
- 41. For these universalhuman aspirations to be achieved, the core of GAD is… meeting both the PRACTICAL and STRATEGIC GENDER NEEDS of men and women.
- 42. PRACTICAL GENDER NEEDS STRATEGIC GENDER NEEDS Food, housing, water, health services, education Legal rights, wages, access and control of resources, control over women’s bodies Beneficiaries Agents of change Improvement of conditions Improvement of position and status Enable performance of existing gender roles Challenge gender roles, women empowerment, transform relations
- 43. Peoples’ capacity TODO,TO BE and TO BE FOR may be enhanced through a variety of government efforts, such as: • building of roads and other infrastructures, • providing social services, • creating economic opportunities, etc. BUT THESE ARE NOT ENOUGH . . .
- 44. Infrastructures, social services,and economic opportunities that don’t take into consideration the different needs of women and men and their rights, are bound to -- disadvantage women, fail in attaining their desired results, and cause wastage of resources.
- 45. KEY PRINCIPLES Development planningand practice should: deliberately ADDRESS OBSTACLES to women’s effective participation and enjoyment f benefits EXPAND women’s range of CHOICES and OPPORTUNITIES STRENGTHEN their capabilities to attain a full and satisfying life BRIDGE the gender gap PROMOTE gender equality
- 46. For governments, theresponsibility to promote the attainment of a full and satisfying life for all means -- protecting people’s rights creating opportunities for the development of peoples’ abilities and individual strengths
- 47. We are mandatedby international treaties/commitments, laws and policies We are custodians of peoples’ trust and resources. We have the power, knowledge, skills and resources to make development work for everybody WHY US ?
- 48. 2 GAD is aboutbeing faithful to the principle that Fairness and equity demands that everyone in society, whether male of female, has the right to the same opportunities to achieve a full and satisfying life.
- 49.
Editor's Notes
- #3 Presentation Outline
- #4 Commit to the use of gender as a perspective and analytic lens in professional practice.
- #5 To start with, let’s look at the enabling mechanism on GAD. These legal bases were even before the formulation of RA 9710 or the Magna Carta of Women,
- #6 An unprecedented 17,000 participants and 30,000 activists streamed into Beijing for the opening of the Fourth World Conference on Women in September 1995. They were remarkably diverse, coming from around the globe, but they had a single purpose in mind: gender equality and the empowerment of all women, everywhere. the most progressive blueprint ever for advancing women’s rights. as a defining framework for change, the Platform for Action made comprehensive commitments under 12 critical areas of concern. Even 20 years later, it remains a powerful source of guidance and inspiration.
- #7 The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), adopted in 1979 by the UN General Assembly, is often described as an international bill of rights for women. Consisting of a preamble and 30 articles, it defines what constitutes discrimination against women and sets up an agenda for national action to end such discrimination. Discrimination - the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex.
- #9 What are the Sustainable Development Goals? The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), otherwise known as the Global Goals, are a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity. These 17 Goals build on the successes of the Millennium Development Goals, while including new areas such as climate change, economic inequality, innovation, sustainable consumption, peace and justice, among other priorities. The goals are interconnected – often the key to success on one will involve tackling issues more commonly associated with another. 5: Ending all discrimination against women and girls is not only a basic human right, it’s crucial for sustainable future; it’s proven that empowering women and girls helps economic growth and development. UNDP has made gender equality central to its work and we’ve seen remarkable progress in the past 20 years. There are more girls in school now compared to 15 years ago, and most regions have reached gender parity in primary education. 10: These widening disparities require sound policies to empower lower income earners, and promote economic inclusion of all regardless of sex, race or ethnicity.
- #10 Under the 1987 Philippine Constitution
- #11 “Sex” refers to the biological differences between women and men. Generally permanent and universal. Given by birth (kung ano ka nung ipinanganak ka, yun na yung sex mo) Kung baga, ang lalake lang ang may junjun at babae lang ang may bulaklak.
- #12 There are always two sex roles in any cultural context, one male and the other female. *only women can give birth and breastfeed children *only men can produce sperm PERMANENT
- #13 “Gender” identifies the social relations between women and men. It refers to the relationship between women and men, girls and boys, and how this is socially constructed. Dito na pumapasok yung LGBTQ lesbian gay bisexual transgender and queer ( and the long list goes on. Actually may dictionary na sila for this but these are the common ones
- #14 Gender roles are dynamic and change over time. Gender identity – one’s personal sense of gender Sexual Orientation – heterosexuality (opposite sex), homosexuality (same sex) and bisexuality (both male and female) PERMANENT (Sex Role) Male – Productive Role Female – Reproductive Role But they share role in the community (Gender Role) Ibig sabihin, (CHANGEABLE) *Hindi lang lalake yung makakagawa ng mga gawaing panglalaki, kaya din ng babae. *Hindi lang babae yung pwedeng gumawa ng mga chores at magalaga sa mga bata, kundi pati din mga lalake. (Men can take good care of children)
- #15 Kadalasan nagkakaroon ng confusion between Sex and Gender, but they are different. SEX GENDER CANNOT BE CHANGED CHANGEABLE - only women can give birth - women can do traditionally - only men can produce male jobs sperm - men can take good care of children So kung baga yung mga nilalagay natin sa attendance sheets natin, preferably and ideally, sex ang nakalagay and not gender. SEX refers to natural biological attributes of women and men; unchanging and universal GENDER refers to characteristics, roles, beliefs, perceptions, attitudes and other factors attributed to women and men by society
- #16 Para mas maintindihan natin, let’s watch this video: Able to be …. knowledgeable, skilled, confident with abilities, comfortable with achievements, independence and power, productive at work, to have control of and benefiting from the income Able to be with …. the family and loved ones to enjoy the fruits of one’s efforts Able to be for …. one’s choices, in freedom and accountability
- #17 I will be telling statements and you will answer if it falls under the Gender or the Sex aspect
- #19 Gender roles result in gender biases By the way, gender biases and somewhat the same with discrimination. Parehas silang brought by the hatred towards people based on their gender rather than their individual merits. They only differ on the delivery kasi yung gender bias is more of the thought while discrimination is something that was put into action. Gender Bias is commonly consider to be discrimination and/or hatred towards people based on their gender rather than their individual merits.
- #21 It is the tendency or attitude, to ascribe particular traits, characteristics and roles distinctly to men and particular traits, characteristics, roles distinctly to women.. The assumption behind stereotyping is that the ascribed attributes of men apply to all men and that of women apply to all women in a given society. The confusion between sex and gender gives rise to such stereotypes as: Men: - kapag lalaki ka, dapat matapang ka, boys don’t cry, mas fit to be leaders, breadwinners / head of families, Women – dapat mahinhin, loving, submissive, proper. More fit to take secondary roles (assistant, secretary) Gender Stereotypes are the preconceived ideas whereby females and males are arbitrarily assigned characteristics and roles determined and limited by their gender.
- #22 A term used to describe the situation of women who perform paid work outside the domestic sphere as well as homemaking and child-care work inside the home. DSWD Identified Gender Issue: Male spouses with wives working outside localities failed to perform parental responsibilities due to lack of knowledge on parenting.
- #23 Process of pushing a particular group or groups of people to the edge of society by not allowing them an active voice, identity, or place in it. DSWD Identified Gender Issue: Lack of facility for women and children while accessing the services at the Crisis Intervention Unit [CIU].
- #24 Act of giving someone or something less importance or power. DSWD Identified Gender Issue: Limited capability building for front-line service providers i.e. house parents, security guards and center-based staff Patriarchal society gives absolute priority to men and to some extent limits women’s human rights also. Positions of power and leadership in the home, community, workplace and in society at large are generally occupied by men. Women holding elective position from the national down to the local levels are in the minority.
- #25 refers to any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual, or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion, or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life. VAW Desk – a facility that would address VAW cases in a gender-responsive manner, managed by a person designated by the punong barangay. All barangays shall establish a vawdesk, and DILG and other govt employee shall be the ones responsible for the monitoring of the establishment and evaluate the functionality of the vawdesk
- #26 Before we proceed to various common gender issues, let’s watch this video first. Okay, what have you noticed? Mas maraming ginagawa ang babae. Gising ng maaga, luto, etc. Si babae, multitasking. Yung girl, sya lang yung tumutulong sa nanay nya sa chores unlike the boy. Si babae sinisigawan ng boss nyang lalake dahil mabagal. Common naman na magalit ang boss kapag nakikitang unproductive ang empleyado. Mas maliit ang sahod ng babae kaysa sa lalaki. Si lalaki may time pa for leisure and paguwi, nuod lang ng tv. This is actually a good representation of what the society is expecting for both women and men. This is the perception attributed to women and men by the society. And, what we are trying to achieve here is yung dream ng babae na tulungan sila ng asawa nya sa mga chores, salitan sila sa pagaalaga ng mga anak, same dun sa boy and girl,etc. This is our step to make that Impossible Dream, possible.
- #28 Child-rearing * Color-coding (blue for boys and pink for girls) * Gendering processes: - manipulation (handling infants) - verbal appellation (telling them what they are) “brave boy” or “pretty girl,” or what is expected of them: “boys don’t cry,” “girls don’t hit their playmates.” Boys should be strong/brave. Girls should be graceful.
- #29 Sex disaggregation system promotes role differentiation in high school, boys are taught carpentry and horticulture while girls take up cooking and childcare. Courses that are appropriate to perceived roles and characteristics. Textbooks depicts stereotype roles Boys build houses, girls keep houses
- #30 Ads use stereotype images to attract consumers. Women are depicted as docile homemakers, are shown as sexy come-ons to promote liquor, cigarettes, cars, and other male-specific products.
- #32 This does not objectify women but pinapakita dito na ang mga babae talaga ang madalas gumawa ng mga household chores
- #35 …..further reinforces that “women’s place is in the home,” submission of women to men; ….Gender differentiation and inequality between man and woman is preached and conveyed in religious doctrines and symbols that implies the subordinated position of women particularly in marriage.
- #36 Instrumental in passing laws that are discriminatory to women. Ex: the Revised Penal Code and the New Family Code has several provisions that tilt more in favor of men as in - property relations - decisions
- #37 Gender gaps in education, health, employment and political participation. Gender disparities remain, especially in girls’ secondary education enrollment and completion, maternal and infant mortality, undernutrition, women’s access to reproductive health services, wage parity, women’s participation in decision making – even in some of the best-performing economies. This requires immediate and serious attention and improvement Many women in the region, particularly in rural areas, still lack access to clean water and sanitation, electricity, transportation and other basic infrastructure. Further, food and fuel price hikes and economic and environmental crises have impacted women more acutely given pre-exisiting gender inequalities and women’s vulnerabilities. These crises can potentially reverse gender equality gains achieved so far.
- #38 Participation in development is crucial to the empowerment of women and men; This framework serves as a road map for policy or program/project implementation. It sets out strategic directions and the guiding framework for moving the gender equity agenda forward and for better alignment of gender operations
- #40 GAD is a development perspective that recognizes that there are BLOCKS (gender issues and biases) that prevent people from attaining their full potentials (as human beings with worth and dignity) in attaining a full and satisfying life… GAD works to remove gender issues and biases (since these are deterrents to development) in individuals, families and institutions… …as well as in the Programs, Projects and Activities (PPAs).
- #41 It reflects a change in focus from women and their exclusion from development initiatives to the RELATIONS OF INEQUALITY BETWEEN WOMEN AND MEN AND DELIBERATELY ADDRESSES THEM… In the processes of developing, budgeting, implementing, monitoring and evaluating programs, projects and services, particularly in government agencies. Able to be …. knowledgeable, skilled, confident with abilities, comfortable with achievements, independence and power, productive at work, to have control of and benefiting from the income Able to be with …. the family and loved ones to enjoy the fruits of one’s efforts Able to be for …. one’s choices, in freedom and accountability
- #42 Illustration What is equity? In the simplest terms, it means fairness, which is not necessarily the same thing as equality. It’s not about everybody getting the same thing,” Parker said. “It’s about everybody getting what they need in order to improve the quality of their situation.” So bakit ko pinakita tong equality and equity? Kaya tayo nagreview of GAD Plan and Budget of LGUs, para maensure na hindi lang equality yung maattain natin but also equity.
- #43 42
- #44 As government employees, we need to recognize that because of their different roles, women and men have different needs to develop their potentials:
- #45 Practical Gender Needs : those that do not challenge the unequal structure of gender relations, division of labor, or traditional balance of power, but relate to the sphere in which women have primary responsibilities. Some examples are need for income to send children to school, weeding tools for agricultural work and portable water. Strategic Gender Interest: those that arise from an understanding (consciousness) and analysis of women’s subordinate situation in society. Examples include political and legislative reform to grant constitutional equality to women, state accession to the CEDAW, a political voice, and action on violence against women.
- #50 Policy reform and capacity development Gender issues affect all of us. But instead of solving them, we all contribute to their perpetuation. Everyone who believes in the vision of attaining a full and satisfying life for all has an obligation to help pursue GAD
- #51 GAD IS NOT ANTI – MALE BOTH WOMEN AND MEN ARE VICTIMS OF STEREOTYPING