a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications.
Structural and Dielectric Properties of Lanthanum Substituted Lead ZirconateT...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of physics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in applied physics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Structural and Dielectric Studies of Cerium Substituted Nickel Ferrite Nano P...theijes
Cerium substituted Nickel ferrite nanoparticles with general formula NiCeXFe2-XO4 (x=0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15) have been synthesized by using sol-gel method. The crystalline structure and grain size of these particles were analyzed by using XRD; the particle size ranged from 12.22nm to 17.60nm.The decrease in value of the lattice parameter with doping suggests that there is shrinkage in unit cell. The single-phase cubic spinal structure was clearly indicated by the XRD patterns of pure NiFe2O4.The XRD pattern also show that all the samples had formed the cubic single phase spinal structure. Dielectric properties have been studied in the frequency range of 1 kHz to 5 MHz. Permittivity and tangent loss (tanδ) decreases with the substitution of Ce3+ in parent crystal structure.
- Nanoparticles NiFe2-xTbxO4 (x=0.00, 0.04, 0.08,
0.12) ferrite was prepared by solgel combution method. The
samples were characterized with X-ray diffraction and TEM
measurements. The effect of Tb3+ cations substitution on
structure of prepared nanoparticles was investigated. From the
analysis, the system was found to be inverse spinel cubic
structure. The lattice parameter (a) changes increases with Tb
doping content. Room temperature DC electrical resistivity
decreases. Dielectric properties have been studied in the
frequency range of 1 kHz to 5 MHz. Permittivity and tangent
loss (tanδ) decreases with the substitution of Tb3+ in parent
crystal structure.
Nanomodeling of Nonlinear Thermoelastic Behavior of AA5454/ Silicon Nitride N...IJERA Editor
The aim of the present work was to estimate non-linear thermoelastic behavior of three-phase AA5454/silicon nitride nanoparticle metal matrix composites. The thermal loading was varied from subzero temperature to under recrystallization temperature. The RVE models were used to analyze thermo-elastic behavior. The AA5454/silicon nitride nanoparticle metal matrix composites have gained the elastic modulus below 0oC and lost at high temperatures.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications.
Structural and Dielectric Properties of Lanthanum Substituted Lead ZirconateT...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of physics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in applied physics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Structural and Dielectric Studies of Cerium Substituted Nickel Ferrite Nano P...theijes
Cerium substituted Nickel ferrite nanoparticles with general formula NiCeXFe2-XO4 (x=0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15) have been synthesized by using sol-gel method. The crystalline structure and grain size of these particles were analyzed by using XRD; the particle size ranged from 12.22nm to 17.60nm.The decrease in value of the lattice parameter with doping suggests that there is shrinkage in unit cell. The single-phase cubic spinal structure was clearly indicated by the XRD patterns of pure NiFe2O4.The XRD pattern also show that all the samples had formed the cubic single phase spinal structure. Dielectric properties have been studied in the frequency range of 1 kHz to 5 MHz. Permittivity and tangent loss (tanδ) decreases with the substitution of Ce3+ in parent crystal structure.
- Nanoparticles NiFe2-xTbxO4 (x=0.00, 0.04, 0.08,
0.12) ferrite was prepared by solgel combution method. The
samples were characterized with X-ray diffraction and TEM
measurements. The effect of Tb3+ cations substitution on
structure of prepared nanoparticles was investigated. From the
analysis, the system was found to be inverse spinel cubic
structure. The lattice parameter (a) changes increases with Tb
doping content. Room temperature DC electrical resistivity
decreases. Dielectric properties have been studied in the
frequency range of 1 kHz to 5 MHz. Permittivity and tangent
loss (tanδ) decreases with the substitution of Tb3+ in parent
crystal structure.
Nanomodeling of Nonlinear Thermoelastic Behavior of AA5454/ Silicon Nitride N...IJERA Editor
The aim of the present work was to estimate non-linear thermoelastic behavior of three-phase AA5454/silicon nitride nanoparticle metal matrix composites. The thermal loading was varied from subzero temperature to under recrystallization temperature. The RVE models were used to analyze thermo-elastic behavior. The AA5454/silicon nitride nanoparticle metal matrix composites have gained the elastic modulus below 0oC and lost at high temperatures.
Vanadium doped zinc telluride (ZnTe:V) thin films (containing 2.5 to 10wt% V) were deposited onto glass
substrates by e-beam evaporation technique in vacuum at a pressure of 8×10-4
Pa. Thermoelectric power of these
films have been measured from room temperature up to 413 K with reference to pure copper material. The
deposition rate of the films was maintained at 2.05 nms-1
. The composition and temperature dependence
thermopower and its related parameters have been studied in detail for a particular thickness of 150 nm. The
Fermi levels were determined using a non-degenerate semiconducting model. The carrier scattering index,
activation energy and temperature coefficient of activation energy have all been obtained at different ranges of
compositions and temperatures. The results of thermopower of ZnTe:V thin films obey an activated conduction
mechanism and also suggest that the simultaneous bipolar conduction of both (n- and p-types) carriers (mixed
carriers) take place. All these samples are optically transparent and mixed crystalline in structure
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Electrical properties of Ni0.4Mg0.6Fe2O4 ferritesIJERA Editor
Ni0.4Mg0.6Fe2O4 Ceramic samples were prepared by conventional double sintering approach and sintered at 1300oC/4 h. These ferrites are further characterized using X-ray diffractometer. The diffraction study reveals that the present compound shows perfect single phase cubic spinel structure. In addition, the behavior of distinct electrical properties such as dielectric constant (ε'), dielectric loss (ε") and ac-conductivity (ζac) as a function frequency as well as temperature is analyzed using the LCR controller.
Effect of Ytterbium Substitution on the Structural and Magnetic Properties of...ijtsrd
A series of ytterbium substituted Zinc ferrites Zn YbxFe1 x 2O4 with x=0.0000, 0.0125, 0.0250, 0.0375, 0.0500 was synthesized by the solid state method. The structural characterizations of all the prepared samples were done by using X ray diffraction XRD . These studies confirmed the formation of single phase structure in all compositions. The increase in the value of lattice parameter with increase in ytterbium concentration suggests the expansion of unit cell. Crystallinity and the crystallite size are observed to increase with the concentration of Ytterbium. The substitution of ytterbium strongly influences the magnetic characteristics and this is confirmed from the magnetization measurements at room temperature. Zar Zar Myint Aung "Effect of Ytterbium Substitution on the Structural and Magnetic Properties of Nanocrystalline Zinc Ferrite" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27826.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/physics/other/27826/effect-of-ytterbium-substitution-on-the-structural-and-magnetic-properties-of-nanocrystalline-zinc-ferrite/zar-zar-myint-aung
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Cu Substituted Ni-Zn Nano-Ferrit...IJERA Editor
The ferrite nano particles having chemical formula Ni0.2CuxZn0.8-xFe2O4 (where x=0.0 to 0.8 with step of 0.2) were synthesized by Citrate-Gel Auto Combustion method at low temperature. The synthesized powders were sintered at 500oC for 4 hours in air and characterised by XRD, SEM with EDS. XRD analysis of prepared samples were confirmed the single phase cubic spinel Structure. The crystallite size (D) of prepared ferrites were in the range of 24-73nm. The values of lattice parameter (a) decreased and X-ray density (dx) were increased with the increasing of Cu substitution. The surface morphology of the prepared samples was investigated by Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM). An elemental composition of the samples was studied by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy(EDS). The observed results can be explained on the basis of composition and crystal size.
Barium magnesium tantalate (BMT) was prepared by two step solid state route at different temperatures in the range 950 to 13000C by soaking the sample for various time intervals ranging from 2 hrs to 39 hrs. In another set of experiment BMT was added with 1, 2, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 wt% B2O3 (frit glass) and heated at 13000C for 30 minutes. The samples obtained at the end of thermal history were pelletized and subjected to crystal structural, density, surface morphology and dielectric measurements. XRD studies indicate that single phase BMT pseudo cubic perovskite was formed by heating sample at 12000C for 2 hrs. This clearly indicates that reduction in phase formation temperature was observed for pure BMT formed by two step solid state route.
Dielectric Behaviour of Pzt Ceramics at Microwave Frequenciestheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science would take much care in making your article published without much delay with your kind cooperation.
Effect of annealing temperature on dc electrical conductivity properties of S...Premier Publishers
Thermal and DC electrical properties investigations of xSnO2 (50-x) PbO: 50V2O5(X=5, 10, 15 in molar ratio) glasses were carried out using X-ray diffractrometer (XRD), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and two probe techniques. XRD results shown that the Perfect vitrification has been achieved and DSC results have indicated that the substituent SnO2 is replacing PbO in the glass network in such a way that the eutectic composition is maintained. The DC electrical conductivity studies on SnO2 substituted glass systems annealed at 1500C as well as 2250C and 3800C indicated that the conductivities increased as the annealing temperature is increased. activation energies also changed as the annealing temperature is changed.
Dielectric behaviour of Ni+2 substituted Cu Co Nanocrystalline Spinel Ferrite...inventionjournals
Herein, the dielectric properties such as permittivity (real part ε’ and imaginary part ε”) and dielectric loss tangent (tan δ) are reported for the series [Nix Cu(constant) Co0.8-x Fe2O4] where constant=0.2 with x=0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 of ferrites, prepared by Sol-Gel auto-combustion technique by using high purity metal nitrate and citric acid as a catalyst. The variation in the real part (ε’) of dielectric constant , imaginary part ( ε”) of dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent (tan δ) are studied at room temperature in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 5 MHz. Structural characterization of the annealed samples was done with the help of X-ray diffraction method. The particle size and single phase formation of NiCuCoFe2O4 ferrite was confirmed by Xray diffraction analysis and TEM. The particle size of prepared sample was confirmed by Scherer’s formula. The effect on Particle size (t) and lattice constant (Å) is observed due to substitution of Ni2+ in Cu Co. The digital LCR meter is used to obtain the magnetic properties of prepared pallets. The variations in the structural and dielectric properties of the prepared ferrite material are discussed
Chitosan capped Silver nanoparticles used as Pressure sensorsIOSR Journals
In the present work, we report the synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles, capped with chitosan (biopolymer ). The majority of the particles produced in this way had sizes around 18 nm. Composite films of capped silver nanoparticles and chitosan polymer were studied to understand the charge transport under different pressure. Films of different compositions were prepared to measure current voltage curves across the film thickness. The results reveal that these materials exhibit electrical conductivity as predicted by the “classical theory of percolation”. Pressure dependent electrical conductivity and these composites can be explored to develop low cost pressure sensors.
Dielectric Properties in Co-Ti Doped CaSrM Hexaferrites iosrjce
The dependence of dielectric constant ' and dielectric loss tangent tanon frequency and
composition have been investigated at fixed temperatures for polycrystalline Ca0.5Sr0.5CoxTixFe12-2xO19 (where
0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8) hexaferrites samples prepared by ceramic method. The measurements reveal that the samples
under investigation have high values of ' reached to 106
at 1 KHz and 600K. The experimental results indicated
that ' and tandecrease as the frequency increases and temperature decreases. The studied samples showed
an abnormal dielectric loss (or relaxation peaks) which were shifted towards higher frequency as the
temperature increases. ' and tan increase as Co and Ti ions substitution increases up to x≤0.4, after that both
parameters decreases. The activation energy for dielectric relaxation, ED, was estimated for the samples. It is
shown that, ED, have low values (~0.08- 0.18 eV) and have inverse proportional with the dielectric constant '.
Physical and Magnetic Properties of Manganese Ferrite NanoparticlesIJERA Editor
In this paper, manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) nanoparticles were synthesized using chemical bath deposition (CBD) method and characterized by XRD and TEM to determine different properties of nanoparticles. The results obtained showed the formation of manganese ferrite nanoparticles with an average particle size are in good agreement with previous reported experimental results and displayed good magnetic properties. Magnetic properties was determined using Vibrating Sample Magnetometer(VSM). Due to simplicity and low cost of this process, it could be used for synthesis of ferrites nanoparticles. These materials may be used in drug delivery systems, electronic devices and water remediation.
Growth and Characterisation of a New Semi–Organic Nonlinear Optical TTMZS Sin...Editor IJCATR
A new semi-organic nonlinear optical crystal called Tris Thiourea Magnesium Zinc sulphate (TTMZS) was synthesized.
TTMZS single crystals were grown from an aqueous solution using the Slow Evaporation method. The solubility of TTMZS was
determined for various temperatures. Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction (XRD) study was carried-out to identify the lattice parameters.
Various diffracting planes of the grown crystal were identified from the powder XRD study. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR)
studies confirm the various functional groups present in the grown crystal. The transmission spectrum of this crystal shows that the
lower cut off wavelength lies at 280 nm. The thermal analysis confirmed that the crystal is stable up to 248.46°C. The Nonlinear
Optical (NLO) property of the grown crystal has been confirmed by Kurtz powder Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) test.
Studying the Structure and the Optical Properties of Pd Nanoparticles Affecte...IJERA Editor
In this paper, Palladium (Pd) nanoparticales (NPs) at different concentrations (150 and 500) capped with poly
(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) were Synthesized by a polyol reduction method in an ethylene glycol solution at
temperature of 45C˚. The structural and optical properties of Pd NPs has been investigated, all thin films were
tested using X-ray diffraction (XRD), all XRD peaks can be indexed as face centered cubic (FCC)
Structure, with strong crystalline orientation at (111) plane. The morphology properties of the prepared films
were study by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) the results indicated that all films have nanoscale grain size
around 80 nm and Scan Electron Microscopy (SEM) images show spherical nanoscale particles with clusters
shape. The size of the particles decreased with increasing of concentrations.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications.
Extreme Sicherheit, höchste Festigkeit und außergewöhnliche Langlebigkeit durch die Nokian Aramid Seitenwand-Technologie. Nokian Line SUV: dynamisches Handling, angenehmer Komfort und starker Nassgriff für kleine und mittlere SUVs. Nokian zLine SUV: sportliches Handling, große Fahrfreude, schnelle Reaktionen und bestmöglicher Nassgrip für die größten SUVs. Kleintransporter-Reifen Nokian cLine: mehr Kilometer, hohe Sicherheit und Stabilität.
Nokian Tyres präsentiert zwei neue SUV-Sommerreifen und einen neuen Kleintransporter-Reifen. Der Nokian Line SUV für den vielseitigen SUV-Einsatz bietet angenehmen Komfort, hohe Leistung und starken Nassgriff. Er läuft und läuft, denn er hat eine extreme Langlebigkeit durch seine hochfeste Nokian Aramid Seitenwand-Technologie. Außerdem verbraucht dieser Sommerreifen für die populären kleinen und mittleren SUVs wenig Kraftstoff.
Der sportliche Nokian zLine SUV Sommerreifen bringt präzises Handling, höchste Festigkeit, Sicherheit unter extremen Bedingungen und große Fahrfreude. Auch seine Seitenwände sind verstärkt durch widerstandsfähiges Aramid. Aramid-Fasern bewähren sich ebenfalls in der Luftfahrt und geben die notwendige Langlebigkeit den größten SUVs. Bestmöglicher Nassgrip dieses Reifens machen sie auch bei Regen sicherer.
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Nokian-Reifen aus Finnland sind vielfache Testsieger.
Vanadium doped zinc telluride (ZnTe:V) thin films (containing 2.5 to 10wt% V) were deposited onto glass
substrates by e-beam evaporation technique in vacuum at a pressure of 8×10-4
Pa. Thermoelectric power of these
films have been measured from room temperature up to 413 K with reference to pure copper material. The
deposition rate of the films was maintained at 2.05 nms-1
. The composition and temperature dependence
thermopower and its related parameters have been studied in detail for a particular thickness of 150 nm. The
Fermi levels were determined using a non-degenerate semiconducting model. The carrier scattering index,
activation energy and temperature coefficient of activation energy have all been obtained at different ranges of
compositions and temperatures. The results of thermopower of ZnTe:V thin films obey an activated conduction
mechanism and also suggest that the simultaneous bipolar conduction of both (n- and p-types) carriers (mixed
carriers) take place. All these samples are optically transparent and mixed crystalline in structure
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Electrical properties of Ni0.4Mg0.6Fe2O4 ferritesIJERA Editor
Ni0.4Mg0.6Fe2O4 Ceramic samples were prepared by conventional double sintering approach and sintered at 1300oC/4 h. These ferrites are further characterized using X-ray diffractometer. The diffraction study reveals that the present compound shows perfect single phase cubic spinel structure. In addition, the behavior of distinct electrical properties such as dielectric constant (ε'), dielectric loss (ε") and ac-conductivity (ζac) as a function frequency as well as temperature is analyzed using the LCR controller.
Effect of Ytterbium Substitution on the Structural and Magnetic Properties of...ijtsrd
A series of ytterbium substituted Zinc ferrites Zn YbxFe1 x 2O4 with x=0.0000, 0.0125, 0.0250, 0.0375, 0.0500 was synthesized by the solid state method. The structural characterizations of all the prepared samples were done by using X ray diffraction XRD . These studies confirmed the formation of single phase structure in all compositions. The increase in the value of lattice parameter with increase in ytterbium concentration suggests the expansion of unit cell. Crystallinity and the crystallite size are observed to increase with the concentration of Ytterbium. The substitution of ytterbium strongly influences the magnetic characteristics and this is confirmed from the magnetization measurements at room temperature. Zar Zar Myint Aung "Effect of Ytterbium Substitution on the Structural and Magnetic Properties of Nanocrystalline Zinc Ferrite" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27826.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/physics/other/27826/effect-of-ytterbium-substitution-on-the-structural-and-magnetic-properties-of-nanocrystalline-zinc-ferrite/zar-zar-myint-aung
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Cu Substituted Ni-Zn Nano-Ferrit...IJERA Editor
The ferrite nano particles having chemical formula Ni0.2CuxZn0.8-xFe2O4 (where x=0.0 to 0.8 with step of 0.2) were synthesized by Citrate-Gel Auto Combustion method at low temperature. The synthesized powders were sintered at 500oC for 4 hours in air and characterised by XRD, SEM with EDS. XRD analysis of prepared samples were confirmed the single phase cubic spinel Structure. The crystallite size (D) of prepared ferrites were in the range of 24-73nm. The values of lattice parameter (a) decreased and X-ray density (dx) were increased with the increasing of Cu substitution. The surface morphology of the prepared samples was investigated by Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM). An elemental composition of the samples was studied by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy(EDS). The observed results can be explained on the basis of composition and crystal size.
Barium magnesium tantalate (BMT) was prepared by two step solid state route at different temperatures in the range 950 to 13000C by soaking the sample for various time intervals ranging from 2 hrs to 39 hrs. In another set of experiment BMT was added with 1, 2, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 wt% B2O3 (frit glass) and heated at 13000C for 30 minutes. The samples obtained at the end of thermal history were pelletized and subjected to crystal structural, density, surface morphology and dielectric measurements. XRD studies indicate that single phase BMT pseudo cubic perovskite was formed by heating sample at 12000C for 2 hrs. This clearly indicates that reduction in phase formation temperature was observed for pure BMT formed by two step solid state route.
Dielectric Behaviour of Pzt Ceramics at Microwave Frequenciestheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science would take much care in making your article published without much delay with your kind cooperation.
Effect of annealing temperature on dc electrical conductivity properties of S...Premier Publishers
Thermal and DC electrical properties investigations of xSnO2 (50-x) PbO: 50V2O5(X=5, 10, 15 in molar ratio) glasses were carried out using X-ray diffractrometer (XRD), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and two probe techniques. XRD results shown that the Perfect vitrification has been achieved and DSC results have indicated that the substituent SnO2 is replacing PbO in the glass network in such a way that the eutectic composition is maintained. The DC electrical conductivity studies on SnO2 substituted glass systems annealed at 1500C as well as 2250C and 3800C indicated that the conductivities increased as the annealing temperature is increased. activation energies also changed as the annealing temperature is changed.
Dielectric behaviour of Ni+2 substituted Cu Co Nanocrystalline Spinel Ferrite...inventionjournals
Herein, the dielectric properties such as permittivity (real part ε’ and imaginary part ε”) and dielectric loss tangent (tan δ) are reported for the series [Nix Cu(constant) Co0.8-x Fe2O4] where constant=0.2 with x=0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 of ferrites, prepared by Sol-Gel auto-combustion technique by using high purity metal nitrate and citric acid as a catalyst. The variation in the real part (ε’) of dielectric constant , imaginary part ( ε”) of dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent (tan δ) are studied at room temperature in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 5 MHz. Structural characterization of the annealed samples was done with the help of X-ray diffraction method. The particle size and single phase formation of NiCuCoFe2O4 ferrite was confirmed by Xray diffraction analysis and TEM. The particle size of prepared sample was confirmed by Scherer’s formula. The effect on Particle size (t) and lattice constant (Å) is observed due to substitution of Ni2+ in Cu Co. The digital LCR meter is used to obtain the magnetic properties of prepared pallets. The variations in the structural and dielectric properties of the prepared ferrite material are discussed
Chitosan capped Silver nanoparticles used as Pressure sensorsIOSR Journals
In the present work, we report the synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles, capped with chitosan (biopolymer ). The majority of the particles produced in this way had sizes around 18 nm. Composite films of capped silver nanoparticles and chitosan polymer were studied to understand the charge transport under different pressure. Films of different compositions were prepared to measure current voltage curves across the film thickness. The results reveal that these materials exhibit electrical conductivity as predicted by the “classical theory of percolation”. Pressure dependent electrical conductivity and these composites can be explored to develop low cost pressure sensors.
Dielectric Properties in Co-Ti Doped CaSrM Hexaferrites iosrjce
The dependence of dielectric constant ' and dielectric loss tangent tanon frequency and
composition have been investigated at fixed temperatures for polycrystalline Ca0.5Sr0.5CoxTixFe12-2xO19 (where
0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8) hexaferrites samples prepared by ceramic method. The measurements reveal that the samples
under investigation have high values of ' reached to 106
at 1 KHz and 600K. The experimental results indicated
that ' and tandecrease as the frequency increases and temperature decreases. The studied samples showed
an abnormal dielectric loss (or relaxation peaks) which were shifted towards higher frequency as the
temperature increases. ' and tan increase as Co and Ti ions substitution increases up to x≤0.4, after that both
parameters decreases. The activation energy for dielectric relaxation, ED, was estimated for the samples. It is
shown that, ED, have low values (~0.08- 0.18 eV) and have inverse proportional with the dielectric constant '.
Physical and Magnetic Properties of Manganese Ferrite NanoparticlesIJERA Editor
In this paper, manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) nanoparticles were synthesized using chemical bath deposition (CBD) method and characterized by XRD and TEM to determine different properties of nanoparticles. The results obtained showed the formation of manganese ferrite nanoparticles with an average particle size are in good agreement with previous reported experimental results and displayed good magnetic properties. Magnetic properties was determined using Vibrating Sample Magnetometer(VSM). Due to simplicity and low cost of this process, it could be used for synthesis of ferrites nanoparticles. These materials may be used in drug delivery systems, electronic devices and water remediation.
Growth and Characterisation of a New Semi–Organic Nonlinear Optical TTMZS Sin...Editor IJCATR
A new semi-organic nonlinear optical crystal called Tris Thiourea Magnesium Zinc sulphate (TTMZS) was synthesized.
TTMZS single crystals were grown from an aqueous solution using the Slow Evaporation method. The solubility of TTMZS was
determined for various temperatures. Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction (XRD) study was carried-out to identify the lattice parameters.
Various diffracting planes of the grown crystal were identified from the powder XRD study. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR)
studies confirm the various functional groups present in the grown crystal. The transmission spectrum of this crystal shows that the
lower cut off wavelength lies at 280 nm. The thermal analysis confirmed that the crystal is stable up to 248.46°C. The Nonlinear
Optical (NLO) property of the grown crystal has been confirmed by Kurtz powder Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) test.
Studying the Structure and the Optical Properties of Pd Nanoparticles Affecte...IJERA Editor
In this paper, Palladium (Pd) nanoparticales (NPs) at different concentrations (150 and 500) capped with poly
(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) were Synthesized by a polyol reduction method in an ethylene glycol solution at
temperature of 45C˚. The structural and optical properties of Pd NPs has been investigated, all thin films were
tested using X-ray diffraction (XRD), all XRD peaks can be indexed as face centered cubic (FCC)
Structure, with strong crystalline orientation at (111) plane. The morphology properties of the prepared films
were study by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) the results indicated that all films have nanoscale grain size
around 80 nm and Scan Electron Microscopy (SEM) images show spherical nanoscale particles with clusters
shape. The size of the particles decreased with increasing of concentrations.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications.
Extreme Sicherheit, höchste Festigkeit und außergewöhnliche Langlebigkeit durch die Nokian Aramid Seitenwand-Technologie. Nokian Line SUV: dynamisches Handling, angenehmer Komfort und starker Nassgriff für kleine und mittlere SUVs. Nokian zLine SUV: sportliches Handling, große Fahrfreude, schnelle Reaktionen und bestmöglicher Nassgrip für die größten SUVs. Kleintransporter-Reifen Nokian cLine: mehr Kilometer, hohe Sicherheit und Stabilität.
Nokian Tyres präsentiert zwei neue SUV-Sommerreifen und einen neuen Kleintransporter-Reifen. Der Nokian Line SUV für den vielseitigen SUV-Einsatz bietet angenehmen Komfort, hohe Leistung und starken Nassgriff. Er läuft und läuft, denn er hat eine extreme Langlebigkeit durch seine hochfeste Nokian Aramid Seitenwand-Technologie. Außerdem verbraucht dieser Sommerreifen für die populären kleinen und mittleren SUVs wenig Kraftstoff.
Der sportliche Nokian zLine SUV Sommerreifen bringt präzises Handling, höchste Festigkeit, Sicherheit unter extremen Bedingungen und große Fahrfreude. Auch seine Seitenwände sind verstärkt durch widerstandsfähiges Aramid. Aramid-Fasern bewähren sich ebenfalls in der Luftfahrt und geben die notwendige Langlebigkeit den größten SUVs. Bestmöglicher Nassgrip dieses Reifens machen sie auch bei Regen sicherer.
Als Kleintransporter-Sommerreifen garantiert der Nokian cLine feste Stabilität, lange Haltbarkeit und hohe Sicherheit für Berufskraftfahrer beim herausfordernden Einsatz.
Nokian-Reifen aus Finnland sind vielfache Testsieger.
A study of lattice parameters and dielectric properties against temperature a...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of physics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in applied physics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Structure, microstructure and dielectric study of (ba0.6 sr0.4)(zr0.6ti0.4)o3...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Dielectric behaviour of Ni+2 substituted Cu Co Nanocrystalline Spinel Ferrite...inventionjournals
Herein, the dielectric properties such as permittivity (real part ε’ and imaginary part ε”) and dielectric loss tangent (tan δ) are reported for the series [Nix Cu(constant) Co0.8-x Fe2O4] where constant=0.2 with x=0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 of ferrites, prepared by Sol-Gel auto-combustion technique by using high purity metal nitrate and citric acid as a catalyst. The variation in the real part (ε’) of dielectric constant , imaginary part ( ε”) of dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent (tan δ) are studied at room temperature in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 5 MHz. Structural characterization of the annealed samples was done with the help of X-ray diffraction method. The particle size and single phase formation of NiCuCoFe2O4 ferrite was confirmed by Xray diffraction analysis and TEM. The particle size of prepared sample was confirmed by Scherer’s formula. The effect on Particle size (t) and lattice constant (Å) is observed due to substitution of Ni2+ in Cu Co. The digital LCR meter is used to obtain the magnetic properties of prepared pallets. The variations in the structural and dielectric properties of the prepared ferrite material are discussed.
Study of Microstructural, Electrical and Dielectric Properties of La0.9Pb0.1M...Scientific Review SR
The present work studies the microstructural and electrical properties of La0.9Pb0.1MnO3 and La0.8Y0.1Pb0.1MnO3 ceramics synthesized by solid-state route method. Microstructure and elemental analysis of both samples were carried out by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) method, respectively. Phase analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated formation of single phase distorted structure. The XRD data were further analyzed by Rietveld refinement technique. Raman analysis reveals that Y atom substitutes La site into the LPMO with shifting of phonon modes. The temperature variation of resistivity of undoped and Y-doped La0.9Pb0.1MnO3 samples have been investigated. The electrical resistivity as a function of temperature showed that all samples undergo an metal-insulator (M-I) transition having a peak at transition temperature TMI. Y-doping increases the resistivity and the metal-insulator transition temperature (TMI) shifts to lower temperature. The temperature-dependent resistivity for temperatures less than metal-insulator transition is explained in terms the quadratic temperature dependence and for T > TMI, thermally activated conduction (TAC) is appropriate. Variation of frequency dispersion in permittivity and loss pattern due to La-site substitution in LPMO was observed in the dielectric response curve.
Effect of sintering time on the particle size and dielectric properties of La...ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Study of Electrical and Magnetic Properties of La+3 Substituted Ni-Zn Ferritesiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of physics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in applied physics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Magnetic Properties of Titanium Substituted Ni - Zn Ferritesijtsrd
The polycrystalline samples of mixed ferrites Ni0.5 x Zn0.5TixFe2 2xO4 with x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 were prepared by ceramic method. Single phase formation is confirmed by x ray diffraction. It is seen that, for all samples the lattice constant remains constant this id due to constant in ionic radii. In the Ti substituted Ni Zn system magnetic moment value decreases with increasing Ti. The of variation of ac susceptibility with temperature, shows that the present studied samples represent MD states. Dr. A K Ghatage | Prof S G Kanitkar "Magnetic Properties of Titanium Substituted Ni - Zn Ferrites" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31034.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/physics/engineering-physics/31034/magnetic-properties-of-titanium-substituted-ni-%E2%80%93-zn-ferrites/dr-a-k-ghatage
Studies on in-Doped Zno Transparent Conducting thin FilmsIJRESJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: In this manuscript we have investigated the influences of indium dopants on zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films regarding physico-chemical properties for application in modern conducting devices. As a starting material, Indium (III) chloride, and Zn(CH3COO)2⋅2H2O were used. The complex TSDC spectrum was obtained by submitting the sample to a constant electrical field Ep = 10M V/m during 2 min at a varing polarization temperature of Tmax = 1500C. A minimal sheet resistance with electrical resistivity as low in the range of 10-3 Ω·cm was found for this thin film.
ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF NI0.4MG0.6FE2O4 SYNTHESIZED BY CONVENTIONAL SOLID-ST...IAEME Publication
Ni0.4Mg0.6Fe2O4 samples are prepared by conventional double sintering approach and sintered at 1300oC/ 2 h. These ferrites are characterized using X-ray diffractometer. The diffraction study reveals that the present compound shows perfect single phase cubic spinel structure. In addition, the behavior of distinct electrical properties such as dielectric constant (ε'), dielectric loss (ε") and ac-conductivity (σac) as a function frequency as well as temperature is analyzed using the LCR controller
Study on Ni 0.5-X Znx Cu0.5 Fe2 O4 Sintered Ferrite System Using Xrd & High F...paperpublications3
Abstract: Nickel ,Zinc, copper Mixed spinel ferrite compound was synthesized by using High field technique method and the well ground powder is fired at 9000C for 20 hours and furnace cooled approximately at the rate of 1000C per hour. The resulting powders were characterized by X- ray diffraction (XRD). The magnetic properties of the compound analyzed by hysteresis loop measured using high field measurements.
Keywords: Ferrites, High field measurements, Hysteresis loop X - ray diffraction.
Influence of Rare Earth (Gd3+) On Electrical and Magnetic Studies of Nickel F...paperpublications3
Abstract: Nanoparticles NiFe2-xGdxO4 (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) was prepared by solgel combution method. The samples were characterized with VSM and Electrical measurements. Complex impedance and Complex electric modulus plots were further studied for complete contribution of grains and grain boundary resistances to conduction and resonance frequencies respectively. Magnetic studies by Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) shows that magnetization (Ms) decreases with increase in Gd3+ concentration. Coercivity (Hc) first decreases for x=0.1, after which it increases up to x=0.4.
EFFECT OF ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION ON STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF NANOWIRESijoejournal
Copper nanowires were prepared through electrochemical template synthesis using Nucleopore polycarbonate membranes having nominal pore sizes of 800nm and 15nm diameter. The 800nm and 15nm nanowires thus grown were viewed under SEM and TEM respectively, while their FCC crystallographic structure was confirmed through X-ray and electron diffraction patterns. The X-ray diffraction peaks indicated strong texturing for (200). The texturing was found to reduce significantly upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
Microstructural and Dielectric Characterization of Sr doped Ba(Fe0.5Ta0.5)O3 ...theijes
Solid state reaction method was used to synthesize Ba1-xSrx(Fe0.5Ta0.5)O3 ceramic(x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5). The raw materials of making Sr doped Ba(Fe0.5Ta0.5)O3 were BaCO3, SrCO3, Fe2O3, Ta2O5 (purity better than 99%). Pellet and ring shaped samples prepared from each composition were sintered at 1400 and 1450ºC for 5 hour. The phase formation of Ba1-xSrx(Fe0.5Ta0.5)O3 was checked using X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and observed a cubic perovskite crystal structure in space group Pm3m (221). Microstructure of the individual compound was examined by the field emission scanning electron micrograph (FESEM). Grain size was found to be varied with Sr content. The lattice parameter decreased with increasing Sr content. Dielectric spectroscopy was applied to investigate the electrical properties of BSFT at room temperature and in a frequency range of 100Hz–100 MHz. An analysis of the dielectric constant εʹ and loss tangent tan with frequency was performed assuming a distribution of relaxation times. The low frequency dielectric dispersion corresponds to the DC electrical conductivity.
Cars are a very important part of this modern world because they give luxury and comfort. Even
though they are comfortable, some problems always keep arising on the safety side. After a lot of research they
rectified certain problems using air bags, auto parking, turbo charger, pedal shift…, etc.
And now we are going to discuss about one such problem that arises on the safety side. An unsuspected
accident occurs when people smash their fingers in between the car doors. Due to this kind of accident around
120,000 people are injured every year. But this was not taken as a very major safety concern for the customer.
To avoid this kind accident due to car doors, we are introducing “SAFETY DOOR LOCK SYSTEM”
with the help of “HYDRAULIC PISTON AND IR SENSORS”.
The major working process of the “SAFETY DOOR LOCK SYSTEM”is, when a person places his/her
hand or fingers in the gap between the door and the outer panel, at the time when the closing action of the door
takes place, the Sensors start to transmit the Infra Red Rays to the Receivers at the
other end, and so even if someone closes the door without anybody‟s knowledge the hydraulic piston will
automatically come out and stop the door from closing and prevent the person from the unsuspected accident
and minor injuries by the car door and ensure maximum safety to the customer.
Extrusion can be defined as the process of subjecting a material to compression so that it is forced to
flow through an opening of a die and takes the shape of the hole. Multi-hole extrusion is the process of
extruding the products through a die having more than one hole. Multi-hole extrusion increases the production
rate and reduces the cost of production. In this study the ram force has calculated experimentally for single hole
and multi-hole extrusion. The comparison of ram forces between the single hole and multi-hole extrusion
provides the inverse relation between the numbers of holes in a die and ram force. The experimental lengths of
the extruded products through the various holes of multi-hole die are different. It indicates that the flow pattern
is dependent on the material behavior. The micro-hardness test has done for the extruded products of lead
through multi-hole die. It is observed that the hardness of the extruded lead products from the central hole is
found to be more than that of the products extruded from other holes. The study suggests that multi-hole
extrusion can be used for obtaining the extruded products of lead with varying hardness. The micro-structure
study has done for the lead material before and after extrusion. It is observed that the size of grains of lead
material after extrusion is smaller than the original lead.
Analysis of Agile and Multi-Agent Based Process Scheduling Modelirjes
As an answer of long growing frustration of waterfall Software development life cycle concepts,
agile software development concept was evolved in 90’s. The most popular agile methodologies is the Extreme
Programming (XP). Most software companies nowadays aim to produce efficient, flexible and valuable
Software in short time period with minimal costs, and within unstable, changing environments. This complex
problem can be modeled as a multi-agent based system, where agents negotiate resources. Agents can be used to
represent projects and resources. Crucial for the multi-agent based system in project scheduling model, is the
availability of an effective algorithm for prioritizing and scheduling of task. To evaluate the models, simulations
were carried out with real life and several generated data sets. The developed model (Multi-agent based System)
provides an optimized and flexible agile process scheduling and reduces overheads in the software process as it
responds quickly to changing requirements without excessive work in project scheduling.
Effects of Cutting Tool Parameters on Surface Roughnessirjes
This paper presents of the influence on surface roughness of Co28Cr6Mo medical alloy machined
on a CNC lathe based on cutting parameters (rotational speed, feed rate, depth of cut and nose radius).The
influences of cutting parameters have been presented in graphical form for understanding. To achieve the
minimum surface roughness, the optimum values obtained for rpm, feed rate, depth of cut and nose radius were
respectively, 318 rpm, 0,1 mm/rev, 0,7 mm and 0,8 mm. Maximum surface roughness has been revealed the
values obtained for rpm, feed rate, depth of cut and nose radius were respectively, 318 rpm, 0,25 mm/rev, 0,9
mm and 0,4 mm.
Possible limits of accuracy in measurement of fundamental physical constantsirjes
The measurement uncertainties of Fundamental Physical Constants should take into account all
possible and most influencing factors. One from them is the finiteness of the model that causes the existence of
a-priori error. The proposed formula for calculation of this error provides a comparison of its value with the
actual experimental measurement error that cannot be done an arbitrarily small. According to the suggested
approach, the error of the researched Fundamental Physical Constant, measured in conventional field studies,
will always be higher than the error caused by the finite number of dimensional recorded variables of physicalmathematical
models. Examples of practical application of the considered concept for measurement of fine
structure constant, speed of light and Newtonian constant of gravitation are discussed.
Performance Comparison of Energy Detection Based Spectrum Sensing for Cogniti...irjes
With the rapid deployment of new wireless devices and applications, the last decade has witnessed a growing
demand for wireless radio spectrum. However, the policy of fixed spectrum assignment produces a bottleneck for more
efficient spectrum utilization, such that a great portion of the licensed spectrum is severely under-utilized. So the concept of
cognitive radio was introduced to address this issue.The inefficient usage of the limited spectrum necessitates the
development of dynamic spectrum access techniques, where users who have no spectrum licenses, also known as secondary
users, are allowed to use the temporarily unused licensed spectrum. For this purpose we have to know the presence or
absence of primary users for spectrum usage. So spectrums sensing is one of the major requirements of cognitive radio.Many
spectrum sensing techniques have been developed to sense the presence or absence of a licensed user. This paper evaluates
the performance of the energy detection based spectrum sensing technique in noisy and fading environments.The
performance of the energy detection technique will be evaluated by use of Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves
over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and fading channels.
Comparative Study of Pre-Engineered and Conventional Steel Frames for Differe...irjes
In this paper, the conventional steel frames having triangular Pratt truss as a roofing system of 60 m
length, span 30m and varying bay spacing 4m, 5m and 6m respectively having eaves level for all the portals is at
10m and the EOT crane is supported at the height of 8m from ground level and pre-engineered steel frames of
same dimensions are analyzed and designed for wind zones (wind zone 2, wind zone 3, wind zone 4 and wind
zone 5) by using STAAD Pro V8i. The study deals with the comparative study of both conventional and preengineered
with respect to the amount of structural steel required, reduction in dead load of the structure.
Flip bifurcation and chaos control in discrete-time Prey-predator model irjes
The dynamics of discrete-time prey-predator model are investigated. The result indicates that the
model undergo a flip bifurcation which found by using center manifold theorem and bifurcation theory.
Numerical simulation not only illustrate our results, but also exhibit the complex dynamic behavior, such as the
periodic doubling in period-2, -4 -8, quasi- periodic orbits and chaotic set. Finally, the feedback control method
is used to stabilize chaotic orbits at an unstable interior point.
Energy Awareness and the Role of “Critical Mass” In Smart Citiesirjes
A Smart City could be depicted as a place, logical and physical, in which a crowd of heterogeneous
entities is related in time and space through different types of interactions. Any type of entity, whether it is a
device or a person, clustered in communities, becomes a source of context-based data.
Energy awareness is able to drive the process of bringing our society to limit energy waste and to optimize
usage of available resources, causing a strong environmental and social impact. Then, following social network
analysis methodologies related to the dynamics of complex systems, it is possible to find out, emergent and
sometimes hidden new habits of electricity usage. Through an initial Critical Mass, involving a multitude of
consumers, each related to more contexts, we evaluate the triggering and spreading of a collective attitude. To
this aim, in this paper, we propose a novel analytical model defining a new concept of critical mass, which
includes centrality measures both in a single layer and in a multilayer social network.
A Firefly Algorithm for Optimizing Spur Gear Parameters Under Non-Lubricated ...irjes
Firefly algorithm is one of the emerging evolutionary approaches for complex and non-linear
optimization problems. It is inspired by natural firefly‟s behavior such as movement of fireflies based on
brightness and by overcoming the constraints such as light absorption, obstacles, distance, etc. In this research,
firefly‟s movement had been simulated computationally to identify the best parameters for spur gear pair by
considering the design and manufacturing constraints. The proposed algorithm was tested with the traditional
design parameters and found the results are at par in less computational time by satisfying the constraints.
The Effect of Orientation of Vortex Generators on Aerodynamic Drag Reduction ...irjes
One of the main reasons for the aerodynamic drag in automotive vehicles is the flow separation
near the vehicle’s rear end. To delay this flow separation, vortex generators are used in recent vehicles. The
vortex generators are commonly used in aircrafts to prevent flow separation. Even though vortex generators
themselves create drag, but they also reduce drag by delaying flow separation at downstream. The overall effect
of vortex generators is more beneficial and proved by experimentation. The effect depends on the shape,size and
orientation of vortex generators. Hence optimized shape with proper orientation is essential for getting better
results.This paper presents the effect of vortex generators at different orientation to the flow field and the
mechanism by which these effects takes place.
An Assessment of The Relationship Between The Availability of Financial Resou...irjes
The availability of financial resources is an important element in impacting the success of a planning
process for an effective physical planning. The extent to which however, they are articulated in the process
remained elusive both in scholarly and public discourse. The objective of this study wastherefore, to examine
the extent to which financial resources affect physical planning. In doing so, the study examinedwhether
financial resources were adequate or not to facilitate planning processes in Paidha. According to the study
findings,budget prioritization and ceilings are still a challenge in Paidha Town Council. This is partly due
limited level of knowledge of physical planning among the officials of Paidha Town Council. As a result, there
were no dedicated budget line for routine inspection of physical development plan compliance and enforcement
tools in Paidha. In conclusion, in addressing uncoordinated patterns of physical development that characterize
Uganda‟s urban centres, a critical starting point ought to be the analysis of physical planning process. The
research of this kind is not only significant to other emerging urban centres facing poor a road network,
mushrooming informal settlements and poor social services including poor pattern of residential and commercial
developments but also to all institutions that are involved in planning these towns. Knowing the extent of need
for financial influences in planning may assist local authorities to take the processes of planning seriously which
will help enhance the sustainable development of emerging urban centres including Paidha.
The Choice of Antenatal Care and Delivery Place in Surabaya (Based on Prefere...irjes
- Person's desire to do a pregnancy examination is determined by the service place that suits the tastes
and facilities owned by it. Until now, the utilization of antenatal care by pregnant women is still low (Mardiana,
2014). The purpose of the study is to analyze factors affecting the utilization of antenatal care and delivery place
in Surabaya city based on the preferences and choice theory.
Type of survey research is cross sectional approach, the population is mothers who have children aged 1-
12 months in Surabaya. The large sample of 250 mothers who have children aged 1-12 months in 2013 is taken
by simple random sampling technique. Variables of the research are the preference elements and steps, choice
elements and steps, utilization of antenatal care and delivery place. Data were collected through questionnaires
and secondary data were then analyzed with descriptive statistics in the form of a frequency distribution, shown
by the schematic diagram.
The result showed that the preference elements and steps showed almost half (42.9%) desire to give birth
in a health care because of information got from someone else, while the choice element and step shows the
bulk (57.1%) of the criteria of delivery place chosen is a safe, comfortable and cheap delivery place, the labor
place which is the main choice most (57.1%) is cheap, comfortable, close.
Conclusion of the research based on the preferences and choice theory can be found three (3) new
theories, they are preferences become choice, preferences do not become choice, choice is preceded by
preferences
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish Caching
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)
1. International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)
ISSN (Online) 2319-183X, (Print) 2319-1821
Volume 2, Issue 10 (October 2013), PP. 51-55
Lead Zirconate Titanate Piezoelectric Ceramics with Nickel
Oxide Additions
Nitu Kumari1,2, Arun Singh2 and Jagdhar Mandal1
1
Advance Electronic and Nano-Materials Laboratory, Department of Physics, Jamia Millia Islamia University,
New
Delhi- 110025, India
2
Department of Physics, TMB University, Bhagalpur, 812007 India
Abstract:- This paper presents research results on the electro–mechanical behavior of piezoelectric ceramics for
use in actuator applications. The material being investigated is a lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic
with the composition Pb1-xNix (Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3. The X-ray diffraction study shows the formation of homogeneous
polycrystalline tetragonal structure. Grain size decreases with increasing Ni2+ concentration. Dielectric
behaviors of the x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10 ceramics are more of normal ferroelectrics. With increase in Ni2+
concentration εmax decreases whereas no trends are observed in transition temperatures (T c) with increase in
Ni2+concentration. Piezoelectric property measurements reveal that the pure PZT ceramic exhibits higher
piezoelectric coefficient which is found to be 185 pC/N and further piezoelectricity exists in all Ni doped PZT
ceramics in decreasing order.
Keywords:- Dielectric, Ferroelectric, PNZT, Piezoelectric, solid solutions.
I.
INTRODUCTION
Lead-based perovskite-type solid solutions consisting of the ferroelectric materials have attracted a
growing fundamental and practical interest because of their excellent dielectric, piezoelectric and electrostrictive
properties which are useful in actuating and sensing applications [1]. Lead zirconate titanate ceramics (Pb(Zr1-x
Tix)O3 or PZT) with compositions near x = 0.48 have been known the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) for
many year. The piezoelectric constant, dielectric constant and electromechanical coupling coefficient all exhibit
a pronounced maximum value for the composition corresponding to this phase boundary. The component
closest to the MPB then becomes the main research focus for PZT ceramics. However, PZT ceramics are fairly
lossy as a result of their highly hysteretic behavior. In the corresponding to the composition near x = 0.48, which
separates the region of the stable tetragonal ferroelectric phase (the T phase) from the region of the stable
rhombohedral ferroelectric phase (the T phase). In this situation, the morphotropic phase boundary corresponds
not to the conventional phase transition observed under variation in temperature but to the phase transition
induce by change in the concentration of components. However, it is also shown earlier researcher [2].
We have been interested in piezoelectric material PZT because it has unique characteristics. Piezoelectricity is
the charge that accumulates in certain solid materials (crystals, certain ceramics) in response to applied
mechanical stress. The word piezoelectricity means electricity resulting from pressure. PZT ceramics have been
of great interest and technological importance in ultrasonic applications such as hydrophones, actuators and
underwater transducers, sensor [3-5]. This results from their ability to accomplish coupling between mechanical
and electric signals as well as their possibility of obtaining very high values for some piezoelectric coefficients.
Previous studies into the electro–thermomechanical response of piezoelectric materials in the low electric field
regime have been conducted by a number of researchers. Jona and Shirane [6] reported that the crystal‟s
dimensions are functionally dependent upon temperature. Later, Jaffe and Berlincourt [7] noted that the
piezoelectric strain coefficients depend upon temperature. Haun [8] suggested that the polarization-related
electrostrictive coefficients, Qi j are independent of both composition and temperature variations. However, these
coefficients do not permit closed form solutions of combined electro–thermoelastic problems due to
nonlinearities involved. Zhang et al. [9] attributed the temperature dependence of the piezoelectric strain
coefficients to the mobility of extrinsic domains, most likely the non-180° domains. Other papers [10] provide
details on how to include the temperature-dependent behavior of the piezoelectric coefficients in constitutive
relations using thermodynamic approaches. While all of these studies provide valuable information on the
electro–thermomechanical behavior of PZT, most are focused on sensor-related issues ~i.e., high frequency and
low electric field are inappropriate for actuators ~i.e., low frequency and high electric field.
II.
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
The different ceramics composition of Pb1-xNix (Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (x = 0.00 to 0.10 ) are prepared and
synthesized by conventional solid state reaction method. The precalcined mixture of PbO, ZrO 2, TiO2, NiO of
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2. Lead Zirconate Titanate Piezoelectric Ceramics with Nickel Oxide Additions
Alfa Aesar with purities of > 99.9% are used as starting material. These powders are mixed thoroughly first in
air atmosphere and then in alcohol medium with the help of agate mortar and pestle for 4hrs and later calcined at
800oC for 5 hrs. The mixed powders are pressed hydraulically to form disc shaped pellets 12 mm diameter and
1.5 mm thick, with 5wt% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a binder. The pellets are stacked in a covered alumina
crucible filled with PZ powders to prevent lead loss. Finally, the sintering is carried out a sintering temperature
at 1250oC for 2hrs with 5 min/oC heating and cooling rates. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies of these ceramic
samples are performed using a Bruker D8 X-ray diffractometer with Cu kα radiation at room temperature. The
piezoelectric constant (d33) of PNZT ceramics are measured by piezometer (model PM 35) as a function of Ni 2+
concentration. The surface morphology of the pellets of PFZT is studied using a scanning electron microscopy
(Carl Zeiss Evo) 40 to understand the size and quality and grains distribution. The dielectric measurement of the
Pb1-xFex(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 ceramics are carried out using Agilent 4284A precision LCR meter as a function of
frequency (20 Hz -1 MHz) in metal-insulator-metal configuration. To investigate the electronic transport
mechanism of the PFZT solid solution both faces of pallets are highly lapped, polished and thinly coated with
platinum on TiO2 tamplet layered PFZT pellets by RF-sputtering to serve as electrodes. TiO2 tamplet layers are
used to improve adhesion of the conducting layer. The polarization hysteresis loop of Pb(Zr 0.52Ti0.48)O3 are
measured using a automatic PE loop pressure system at room temperature.
III.
CHARACTERITION
“3.1 XRD”
Room temperature XRD patterns of the sintered pellets of PNZT are shown in Fig.1. The X-ray
diffraction (XRD) spectra of the sintered samples are recorded in the 2θ range of 20° - 80° with step of 0.02° and
scanning rate of 1°/min. These have sharp and single diffraction peaks, indicating better homogeneity and
crystallization of the samples. All the reflection peaks were indexed and lattice parameters of the compounds
were calculated using a powder diffraction refinement computer program (PowderX) [C. Dong, 1999] and the
crystal structure is found to be tetragonal with space group p4mm [11]. The diffraction peaks of PNZT were
indexed according to previously reported results [12]. There is no change in their basic structure of PZT with
substitution of Ni2+ ions at A site or Pb2+ site up to x = 0.2, which compensate Pb 2+ site vacancies. The values of
lattice parameters „c‟ of PNZT ceramic composition is found to increase with increasing Ni2+ concentration
while “a = b” slightly decreases (4 table). The estimated value of lattice strain c/a ratio is increases linearly with
increasing substitution of Ni2+ in polycrystalline solid solution of PZT. The diffraction peak shifting toward a
higher 2θ value with increasing the Ni2+ concentration also indicates that the lattice parameter „a‟ of PFZT
ceramic is reduced. Figure 2 shows the scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of sintered PNZT ceramics.
Micrographs indicate non homogeneous distribution of polycrystalline grain throughout the surface of material.
The average grain size calculated from the micrograph of PZT is 0.25 µm. As increase the Ni 2+ concentration
decreases the grain size. Grain size for x = 0.00 ( 0.36 µm) and for x = 0.10 (0.26 µm).
“4.Table”
Comparison of lattice parameter, grain size, and dielectric parameters of PNZT samples
Physical
Composition Pb1-xNix(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3
parameters
X = 0.0
X = 0.05
X = 0.10
Lattice parameters in (Å ) a
4.067
4.042
4.012
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3. Lead Zirconate Titanate Piezoelectric Ceramics with Nickel Oxide Additions
c
c/a
Grain size (µcm)
ε' max (100KHz)
Tc (K)
d33 ( pC/N)
IV.
4.134
4.146
1.016
1.025
0.36
0. 28
22912
1412
643
691
185
130
4.167
1.038
0.26
1339
693
121
DIELECTRIC AND PIEZOELECTRIC PROPERTIES
In PZT ceramics near the MPB, where the tetragonal and rhombohedral phases coexist, temperatureinduced phase transition between the two phases should be a first order phase transition. Fig.3 Show the
temperature dependence of dielectric constant and loss at 100 kHz, 500 KHz and 1 MHz. The variation of Curie
temperatures (Tc) and dielectric properties with composition are listed in Table 1. The behavior of ε identifies
our samples as nonrelaxor. Maximum dielectric constant at Tc (εmax = 22912) could be achieved in pure PZT
ceramic. Increasing Ni2+ concentration generally dielectric constant is decreases and Tc is slightly increases. The
ε shows weak temperature dependence in the temperature range 300 -600 K for all PNZT ceramic samples
however strong temperature dependence of permittivity is observed at higher temperature ranges (600 K). The
presence of ferroelectric to paraelectric phase transition peaks of ε in the temperature range of 650−700K are
clearly seen in Fig. 3 for all PNZT ceramic samples, where ε is maximum which is an evidence of existence of
ferroelectricity in all fabricated solid solutions. It may be recognized to the fact that with decrease in grain sizes
the dielectric constant decrease [13].The temperature verses dielectric loss curve for all the compositions of
PNZT ceramics are examined and presented in Fig.3. The dielectric losses for all PNZT ceramics are observed
with low value at lower
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4. Lead Zirconate Titanate Piezoelectric Ceramics with Nickel Oxide Additions
Temperatures until it reaches to the phase transition temperature regions whereas above the phase transition
temperatures it increases rapidly.
Fig.4 shows the piezoelectric constant (d33) of PNZT ceramics as a function of Ni2+ concentration
measured by piezometer (model PM 35). The value of piezoelectric constant (d 33) decreases with increase in
Ni2+ concentrations (table1). Piezoelectric property measurements reveal that the pure PZT ceramic exhibits
higher piezoelectric coefficient which is found to be 185 pC/N and further piezoelectricity exists in all Ni2+
doped PZT ceramics in decreasing order. From fig.4 it can be observed that the decreases the grain size, d33 have
been also decreasing. These experiential results are opposite to those observed by Okazaki and Nagata [13].
According to Okazaki and Nagata, there are certain space-charge sites within grain boundaries and domain walls
such as impurity atoms and lattice vacancies which create a space-charge field to control the movement of
domain walls. The grain size increased, the surface area of the space-charge field which restrict the movement
of domain walls decreased and thus piezoelectric coefficient improve. Similarly, previous research has also
confirmed that piezoelectric coefficients have always shown an increase with increasing grain size [14] because
the domain walls are expected to be quite free in larger grains considering that grain boundaries will give
additional pinning points to the moving walls.
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5. Lead Zirconate Titanate Piezoelectric Ceramics with Nickel Oxide Additions
V.
CONCLUSION
In this work, the synthesis of Ni2+ modified PZT ceramics in the region of the morphotropic Phase
Boundary (MPB) has been investigated. The ceramics exhibited a complete tetragonal phase for this samples
PNZT ceramics prepared by a high-temperature, solid-state reaction technique reveal good homogeneity and
formation of a single-phase compound with tetragonal structure. The values of lattice parameters „c‟ of PNZT
ceramic composition is found to increase with increasing Ni 2+ concentration while “a = b” slightly decreases.
Grain size decreases with increasing Ni2+ concentration. The behavior of ε identifies our samples as nonrelaxor.
With increase in Ni2+ concentration εmax decreases whereas transition temperatures (Tc) increase. The grain size
played dominant roles in determining the magnitudes of dielectric constant (ε) and piezoelectric constant d33,
respectively.
Ackonwledgement
The authors are thankful to the DST, Ministry of Science and Technology, Govt. of India for financial
support. One of the authors (A.S.) would like to thank the DST, Ministry of Science and Technology, Govt. of
India for award of Young Scientist.
FIG captions
Fig.1. X-Ray patterns of Pb1-x Nix (Zr0.52 Ti0.48)O3 with different Ni2+ concentration x= 0.00 to 0.10.
Fig.2. SEM micrograph of Pb1-x Nix (Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 with different Ni2+ concentration a x = 0.00, (b) x = 0.05,
(c) x= 0.10.
Fig.3. The temperature dependent of dielectric constant and loss of PNZT ceramics sample at different
frequency with different Ni2+ concentration x = 0.00 to 0.10.
Fig. 4(a). Piezoelectric constant (d33) as a function of Ni2+concentration.
Fig. 4(b). Piezoelectric constant (d33) as a function of grain size.
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