Fungal infections prenav
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This document discusses different types of fungal infections, including superficial, subcutaneous, and systemic mycoses. Superficial mycoses include pityriasis versicolor, pityrosporum folliculitis, tinea nigra palmaris, black piedra, white piedra, dermatophytosis, and candidiasis. Dermatophytosis is caused by dermatophyte fungi and can affect different body sites like the scalp, beard, trunk and nails. Candidiasis is caused by Candida species and can cause infections in the mouth, skin folds, and genital area. Subcutaneous mycoses include mycetoma, chromoblastomycosis, sporotrich
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Superficial mycoses
1. Superficial mycoses include dermatophytosis, pityriasis versicolor, keratomycosis, tinea nigra, black piedra, and white piedra.
2. Dermatophytosis, also known as ringworm, is a fungal infection of the skin, hair, or nails caused by dermatophyte fungi. Common types include tinea capitis, tinea barbae, tinea corporis, tinea cruris, tinea pedis, and tinea unguium.
3. Pityriasis versicolor is caused by the yeast Malassezia furfur and presents as hyperpigmented or depigmented
Superficial Fungal Infections
This document summarizes different types of superficial fungal infections, including their causative agents and characteristics. It discusses dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton, Epidermophyton and Microsporum species, which can cause infections of the scalp, face, body, groin, feet and nails. It also covers candidiasis caused by Candida albicans and non-albicans species, which can infect the body, nails, mouth and genital organs. Pityriasis versicolor due to Pityrosporum fungi and tinea nigra caused by Hortaea werneckii are also summarized. Diagnostic testing and treatment options including antifungals and hygiene
4 superficial mycoses78
Superficial mycoses are fungal infections that affect the epidermal layer of the skin. Common causative agents include Malassezia furfur, Exophiala werneckii, Trichosporon beigelii, and Piedraia hortae. Dermatophytes are fungi that can infect the skin, hair, and nails by invading keratinized tissues. They include genera such as Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton. Common dermatophyte infections are tinea capitis, tinea barbae, tinea corporis, tinea cruris, tinea pedis, and tinea unguium. Laboratory diagnosis involves microscopic
Superficial fungal infections
This document discusses superficial fungal infections. It begins by noting that fungal infections affect 20-25% of the world's population. Risk factors include tropical climate, low socioeconomic status, sweating, and immunosuppression. There are three main genera that cause superficial cutaneous fungal infections: Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton. The document then discusses eight specific types of superficial fungal infections in detail, including tinea capitis, tinea barbae, tinea corporis, tinea pedis, tinea cruris, tinea manuum, onychomycosis, and pityriasis versicolor. For each infection, it describes clinical features,
fungal infection of skin ppt
This document summarizes several types of fungal infections of the skin, including their causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Dermatophyte infections like tinea capitis, tinea pedis, and tinea corporis typically present as ring-shaped patches with scaling and are diagnosed by microscopic examination. Candidiasis can cause oral or genital thrush and candidal skin rashes. Pityriasis versicolor is a common fungal infection that causes discolored, scaly skin patches. Treatment involves topical or oral antifungal medications.
Structure of mycobacterium leprae
- Mycobacterium leprae is the bacterium that causes leprosy. It was discovered in 1873 by Norwegian physician Gerhard Hansen.
- M. leprae is an intracellular parasite that infects macrophages and peripheral nerves. It is a straight or slightly curved, capsulated, non-motile, non-sporulating, acid-fast bacillus.
- It is cultured from the footpads of nine-banded armadillos and has a cell wall with an outer and inner layer, a capsule, cell membrane, and cytoplasm. M. leprae is not cultivable in laboratory conditions.
Skin fungal infection
This document provides information about superficial fungal infections. It begins by classifying fungal diseases into four groups based on pathogenicity: superficial mycoses, mucocutaneous mycoses, subcutaneous mycoses, and deep mycoses. Later pages discuss specific superficial fungal infections like tinea pedis, tinea cruris, tinea facialis, pityriasis versicolor, and tinea unguium/onychomycosis. Diagnosis involves clinical examination, microscopy of samples, and fungal cultures. Management consists of topical and oral antifungal agents as well as prevention through hygiene practices.
Opportunistic mycoses rhinosporidiosis
Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous infection caused by the fungus Rhinosporidium seeberi. It causes wart-like polyps, papillomas, or tumors on mucocutaneous tissues, most commonly in the nose. The disease is characterized by the production of large sporangia containing thousands of spores. It is diagnosed by finding these structures in biopsies or samples of lesions through direct microscopic examination. While the causative agent cannot be cultured, it is commonly seen in communities near bodies of water in countries like India and Sri Lanka.
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Superficial mycoses
1. Superficial mycoses include dermatophytosis, pityriasis versicolor, keratomycosis, tinea nigra, black piedra, and white piedra.
2. Dermatophytosis, also known as ringworm, is a fungal infection of the skin, hair, or nails caused by dermatophyte fungi. Common types include tinea capitis, tinea barbae, tinea corporis, tinea cruris, tinea pedis, and tinea unguium.
3. Pityriasis versicolor is caused by the yeast Malassezia furfur and presents as hyperpigmented or depigmented
Superficial Fungal Infections
This document summarizes different types of superficial fungal infections, including their causative agents and characteristics. It discusses dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton, Epidermophyton and Microsporum species, which can cause infections of the scalp, face, body, groin, feet and nails. It also covers candidiasis caused by Candida albicans and non-albicans species, which can infect the body, nails, mouth and genital organs. Pityriasis versicolor due to Pityrosporum fungi and tinea nigra caused by Hortaea werneckii are also summarized. Diagnostic testing and treatment options including antifungals and hygiene
4 superficial mycoses78
Superficial mycoses are fungal infections that affect the epidermal layer of the skin. Common causative agents include Malassezia furfur, Exophiala werneckii, Trichosporon beigelii, and Piedraia hortae. Dermatophytes are fungi that can infect the skin, hair, and nails by invading keratinized tissues. They include genera such as Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton. Common dermatophyte infections are tinea capitis, tinea barbae, tinea corporis, tinea cruris, tinea pedis, and tinea unguium. Laboratory diagnosis involves microscopic
Superficial fungal infections
This document discusses superficial fungal infections. It begins by noting that fungal infections affect 20-25% of the world's population. Risk factors include tropical climate, low socioeconomic status, sweating, and immunosuppression. There are three main genera that cause superficial cutaneous fungal infections: Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton. The document then discusses eight specific types of superficial fungal infections in detail, including tinea capitis, tinea barbae, tinea corporis, tinea pedis, tinea cruris, tinea manuum, onychomycosis, and pityriasis versicolor. For each infection, it describes clinical features,
fungal infection of skin ppt
This document summarizes several types of fungal infections of the skin, including their causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Dermatophyte infections like tinea capitis, tinea pedis, and tinea corporis typically present as ring-shaped patches with scaling and are diagnosed by microscopic examination. Candidiasis can cause oral or genital thrush and candidal skin rashes. Pityriasis versicolor is a common fungal infection that causes discolored, scaly skin patches. Treatment involves topical or oral antifungal medications.
Structure of mycobacterium leprae
- Mycobacterium leprae is the bacterium that causes leprosy. It was discovered in 1873 by Norwegian physician Gerhard Hansen.
- M. leprae is an intracellular parasite that infects macrophages and peripheral nerves. It is a straight or slightly curved, capsulated, non-motile, non-sporulating, acid-fast bacillus.
- It is cultured from the footpads of nine-banded armadillos and has a cell wall with an outer and inner layer, a capsule, cell membrane, and cytoplasm. M. leprae is not cultivable in laboratory conditions.
Skin fungal infection
This document provides information about superficial fungal infections. It begins by classifying fungal diseases into four groups based on pathogenicity: superficial mycoses, mucocutaneous mycoses, subcutaneous mycoses, and deep mycoses. Later pages discuss specific superficial fungal infections like tinea pedis, tinea cruris, tinea facialis, pityriasis versicolor, and tinea unguium/onychomycosis. Diagnosis involves clinical examination, microscopy of samples, and fungal cultures. Management consists of topical and oral antifungal agents as well as prevention through hygiene practices.
Opportunistic mycoses rhinosporidiosis
Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous infection caused by the fungus Rhinosporidium seeberi. It causes wart-like polyps, papillomas, or tumors on mucocutaneous tissues, most commonly in the nose. The disease is characterized by the production of large sporangia containing thousands of spores. It is diagnosed by finding these structures in biopsies or samples of lesions through direct microscopic examination. While the causative agent cannot be cultured, it is commonly seen in communities near bodies of water in countries like India and Sri Lanka.
Mycetoma
Mycetoma is a chronic subcutaneous infection caused by certain fungi or bacteria that enters through the skin via minor trauma. It results in a painless swelling, draining sinuses, and discharge containing grains. The infection commonly affects the feet, legs, and other extremities in agricultural workers and those walking barefoot in endemic areas like parts of Africa and Asia. Diagnosis involves examining biopsy samples for characteristic grains and cultures to identify the causative organism. Treatment depends on whether it is caused by bacteria (actinomycetoma), requiring prolonged antibiotics, or fungi (eumycetoma), which may require surgery and antifungal therapy. Prevention involves wearing shoes in endemic areas.
Bullous disorders
Bulloous disorders (BSDs) are skin conditions characterized by blister formation between the epidermis and dermis layers of the skin. BSDs are mostly autoimmune in nature and can be caused by genetic factors, physical trauma, inflammation, the immune system, or drug reactions. The main types are genetic blistering diseases like epidermolysis bullosa, and immunobullous diseases like pemphigus and pemphigoid which involve antibody-mediated blistering between skin layers. Pemphigus is an intraepidermal immunobullous disease affecting the skin and mucous membranes, while bullous pemphigoid is a subepidermal immunobullous condition commonly affecting
Fungal infection of skin
This document discusses three genera of fungi (Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton) that can cause infections of the skin, hair, and nails. It then describes different clinical presentations of tinea capitis (scalp ringworm), including nonscarring alopecia and scaling, as well as a boggy scalp swelling called kerion. Examples are given of tinea pedis (athlete's foot), along with general measures for treatment such as keeping the infected area dry and avoiding synthetic clothes. Specimen collection involves examining hair shafts for spores in tinea capitis or skin scrapings to view fungal hyphae.
Onychomycosis tim -
This document provides an overview of onychomycosis (fungal nail infection). It begins with the anatomy of the nail and then discusses the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and classification of onychomycosis. Some key points include:
- Trichophyton rubrum and T. mentagrophytes cause approximately 90% of cases.
- Risk factors include diabetes, tight shoes, aging, immunosuppression, and communal bathing.
- Common types are distal lateral subungual onychomycosis, proximal subungual onychomycosis, and superficial white onychomycosis.
- A study in Ethiop
Fungal infections of skin [compatibility mode]
Superficial fungal infections of the skin are common. The document discusses the classification, presentation, and management of several common fungal infections including tinea infections, pityriasis versicolor, candidiasis, and chronic paronychia. For tinea capitis, oral griseofulvin or other systemic antifungals for 6-8 weeks are recommended. Topical antifungals are used for localized fungal infections while systemic antifungals like itraconazole or fluconazole are used for more extensive or resistant cases.
Superficial Mycoses Mycology
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For Downloading PDF note
As the channel name suggests, our channel will be a perfect lounge for the malayali medicos..we wil be covering videos which will be like lecture classes related to the subjects biochemistry and microbiology in which we are specialised.. It will be a better learning experience for the students especially for those who are not able to understand and follow the normal classes in college..we assure the students that you will get a basic idea regarding the topic and extra reading can be done from the reference textbooks..
Qualification
AHLAD T O
Maneesha M Joseph
MSc MLT (Microbiology)
Assistant Professor
Baby memorial college of allied Health science
Kozhikode
Our Partner Channel
Health & Voyage channel link - https://youtu.be/nzKqRVjlwc0
#Superficial Mycoses Mycology microbiology
#Medical
#Microbiology
#Superficial Mycoses Mycology malayalam lecturer
#Mallu Medicos Lounge
##MalluMedicosLounge
#MLT
#Tinea Versicolor
#Tinea Nigra
#Piedra
Laboratory diagnosis of leprosy
Laboratory diagnosis of leprosy is primarily based on clinical signs and symptoms. Skin and nasal smears can be taken from lesions to look for acid-fast Mycobacterium leprae bacteria under microscopy. Biopsies of infected skin or nasal tissue can also be analyzed with acid-fast staining, culturing, or PCR to confirm the presence of M. leprae DNA. Classification of leprosy type is aided by the Lepromin skin test response and lymphocyte proliferation assays, which indicate level of cell-mediated immunity toward M. leprae.
Fungal infections
This document provides information on fungal infections and actinomycosis. It describes common endemic and opportunistic fungal infections like Candida, Aspergillus, Mucor, and Cryptococcus that typically infect immunocompromised individuals. Superficial fungal infections involve the skin, hair and nails, while deep infections spread systemically. Specific fungal infections discussed include candidiasis, aspergillosis, mucormycosis, and madura foot. Actinomycosis is also covered, which is caused by bacteria like Nocardia and Actinomyces. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia is an opportunistic infection in AIDS patients. Diagnosis involves microscopic
Superficial Mycoses
Superficial mycoses are fungal infections that are limited to the outer layers of the skin. Common causative agents include dermatophytes, Malassezia furfur, Piedraia hortae, Trichosporon beigelii, and Exophiala werneckii. Dermatophytes such as Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton cause ringworm infections of the skin, hair, and nails. Clinical manifestations vary depending on the infected area but may include scaly patches with active, inflamed borders. Laboratory identification involves microscopic examination of specimens and fungal culture.
Bacterial infection of the skin
Bacterial infections of the skin can be either primary (caused by a single pathogen affecting normal skin) or secondary (occurring in already diseased skin). Common primary pathogens include Staphylococcus aureus, beta-hemolytic streptococci, and coryneform bacteria. S. aureus is responsible for infections like impetigo, folliculitis, furuncles, carbuncles, scalded skin syndrome, and toxic shock syndrome. Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci cause impetigo and cellulitis. Other bacterial infections include ecthyma, erysipelas, cellulitis, cutaneous abscesses, and necrotizing fasciitis. Laboratory diagnosis involves specimen collection
Tinea dermatophytes
1. The document discusses various types of tinea or dermatophytosis, a fungal infection of the skin, hair, and nails, caused by dermatophyte fungi including Trichophyton, Epidermophyton, and Microsporum genera.
2. It describes the clinical manifestations and treatment of common types of tinea infections such as tinea corporis (ringworm of the body), tinea pedis (athlete's foot), tinea cruris (jock itch), tinea unguium (nail infection), tinea capitis (ringworm of the scalp), and tinea barbae (ringworm of the beard).
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This document discusses common viral skin infections, including warts caused by HPV, molluscum contagiosum virus, herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, and others. It provides details on the etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of each infection. Prevention methods are also summarized, such as practicing good hygiene and avoiding contact with infected areas until lesions are fully resolved.
Erysipelas
Erysipelas is a bacterial skin infection caused by streptococci that extends into cutaneous lymphatics. It is characterized by a red, sharply demarcated, raised, and tender rash. The infection begins as a small erythematous patch that progresses and involves regional lymph nodes. Treatment involves antibiotics like penicillin for 10-20 days. Recurrence is common in patients with predisposing skin conditions. Complications can include abscesses, gangrene, and thrombophlebitis.
Linear IgA bullous dermatosis II
Linear IgA Bullous Dermatosis of Childhood is a skin condition typically seen in children characterized by a "string of pearls" or "crown of jewels" blister pattern. This pattern presents as arciform and annular lesions, usually on the posterior thigh, with vesicles arranged in a ring resembling a crown of jewels. The key to diagnosing this condition is identifying this characteristic blister formation.
Larva migrans
Larva migrans is caused by larval migration through tissues. It can be cutaneous (skin), ocular (eyes), or visceral (internal organs). Cutaneous larva migrans is caused by animal hookworms in soil, causing burrowing skin lesions. Visceral larva migrans is caused by dog or cat roundworm eggs in soil ingested by humans, where the larvae migrate through organs causing damage. Ocular larva migrans is caused by the same roundworms migrating to the eyes. Diagnosis is based on symptoms, exposure history, and antibody tests. Prevention involves deworming pets and reducing children's contact with contaminated soil.
Superficial mycoses
The superficial mycoses are fungal infections confined to the outer layers of the skin. They are caused by dermatophytes, a group of keratinophilic fungi. Common types include tinea corporis (ringworm), tinea pedis (athlete's foot), tinea unguium (nail fungus), and tinea capitis (scalp ringworm). Diagnosis involves clinical examination, wood's lamp, microscopic examination of skin scrapings, and fungal culture. Treatment includes topical and oral antifungals like miconazole, griseofulvin, and terbinafine. Other superficial mycoses include pityriasis versicolor caused by Malassezia fur
Superficial Fungal Infections
The document discusses superficial fungal infections of the skin, hair, and nails. It describes several types of cutaneous mycoses caused by dermatophytes, yeasts such as Candida, and Malassezia. Specifically, it covers pityriasis versicolor, various tinea infections including tinea corporis, tinea capitis, and tinea pedis. It discusses the characteristic lesions, causative fungi, microscopic identification of fungi, treatment with antifungals, and prevention of spread.
Mycoses
This document summarizes different types of mycoses (fungal infections). It discusses four categories: superficial mycoses, cutaneous mycoses, subcutaneous mycoses, and subcutaneous zygomycoses. For each type, it provides the causative organisms, clinical symptoms, methods of diagnosis, and common treatments. The document primarily focuses on describing the characteristic features of different fungal infections for identification and management purposes.
Varicella zoster virus
This document discusses Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) which causes chickenpox (varicella) and shingles (herpes zoster). VZV establishes latency in dorsal root ganglia after primary infection of chickenpox which can later reactivate and cause shingles. Both diseases present with characteristic vesicular rashes but shingles lesions are limited to a single dermatome. Complications of shingles include postherpetic neuralgia. VZV is diagnosed through virus isolation, serology, PCR or antigen detection and treated with antiviral drugs like acyclovir. Vaccination provides effective protection against chickenpox.
Dematiaceous fungi.pptx
This document provides information about dematiaceous fungi, which are darkly pigmented molds. It discusses their classification and characteristics, as well as the diseases they can cause including superficial infections, subcutaneous infections like mycetoma and chromoblastomycosis, and systemic infections such as phaeohyphomycosis. Identification of dematiaceous fungi involves examining colony morphology, microscopic features, and sometimes producing characteristic structures like sclerotic bodies. Laboratory diagnosis requires collecting appropriate samples and analyzing them through potassium hydroxide mounts and culturing.
Dermatophytosis, raghu
Dermatophytoses, also known as ringworm infections, are fungal infections of the skin, hair, and nails caused by dermatophytes. The most common dermatophytes that infect humans belong to the genera Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton. Clinical manifestations vary depending on the infected area and include ring-shaped lesions on the scalp (tinea capitis), body (tinea corporis), groin (tinea cruris), feet (tinea pedis), beard area (tinea barbae), and nails (tinea unguium). Diagnosis involves microscopic examination of skin or nail samples in potassium hydroxide to view hyphae
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This document summarizes research on primary immunodeficiencies that cause increased susceptibility to fungal infections. It describes how innate and adaptive immunity normally defend against fungi through pattern recognition receptors, cytokines, and T cell responses. Deficiencies in the CARD9 protein, STAT1 and STAT3 genes, and the IL-17 and IL-22 pathways are highlighted as causing chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis by impairing Th17 responses. Autoantibodies against IL-17 and IL-22 in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I can also phenocopy these genetic defects. Understanding these immunodeficiencies provides insight into antifungal immunity and opportunities for new therapies.More Related Content
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Mycetoma
Mycetoma is a chronic subcutaneous infection caused by certain fungi or bacteria that enters through the skin via minor trauma. It results in a painless swelling, draining sinuses, and discharge containing grains. The infection commonly affects the feet, legs, and other extremities in agricultural workers and those walking barefoot in endemic areas like parts of Africa and Asia. Diagnosis involves examining biopsy samples for characteristic grains and cultures to identify the causative organism. Treatment depends on whether it is caused by bacteria (actinomycetoma), requiring prolonged antibiotics, or fungi (eumycetoma), which may require surgery and antifungal therapy. Prevention involves wearing shoes in endemic areas.
Bullous disorders
Bulloous disorders (BSDs) are skin conditions characterized by blister formation between the epidermis and dermis layers of the skin. BSDs are mostly autoimmune in nature and can be caused by genetic factors, physical trauma, inflammation, the immune system, or drug reactions. The main types are genetic blistering diseases like epidermolysis bullosa, and immunobullous diseases like pemphigus and pemphigoid which involve antibody-mediated blistering between skin layers. Pemphigus is an intraepidermal immunobullous disease affecting the skin and mucous membranes, while bullous pemphigoid is a subepidermal immunobullous condition commonly affecting
Fungal infection of skin
This document discusses three genera of fungi (Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton) that can cause infections of the skin, hair, and nails. It then describes different clinical presentations of tinea capitis (scalp ringworm), including nonscarring alopecia and scaling, as well as a boggy scalp swelling called kerion. Examples are given of tinea pedis (athlete's foot), along with general measures for treatment such as keeping the infected area dry and avoiding synthetic clothes. Specimen collection involves examining hair shafts for spores in tinea capitis or skin scrapings to view fungal hyphae.
Onychomycosis tim -
This document provides an overview of onychomycosis (fungal nail infection). It begins with the anatomy of the nail and then discusses the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and classification of onychomycosis. Some key points include:
- Trichophyton rubrum and T. mentagrophytes cause approximately 90% of cases.
- Risk factors include diabetes, tight shoes, aging, immunosuppression, and communal bathing.
- Common types are distal lateral subungual onychomycosis, proximal subungual onychomycosis, and superficial white onychomycosis.
- A study in Ethiop
Fungal infections of skin [compatibility mode]
Superficial fungal infections of the skin are common. The document discusses the classification, presentation, and management of several common fungal infections including tinea infections, pityriasis versicolor, candidiasis, and chronic paronychia. For tinea capitis, oral griseofulvin or other systemic antifungals for 6-8 weeks are recommended. Topical antifungals are used for localized fungal infections while systemic antifungals like itraconazole or fluconazole are used for more extensive or resistant cases.
Superficial Mycoses Mycology
Superficial Mycoses Mycology - Tinea Versicolor / Tinea Nigra/Piedra
For Downloading PDF note
As the channel name suggests, our channel will be a perfect lounge for the malayali medicos..we wil be covering videos which will be like lecture classes related to the subjects biochemistry and microbiology in which we are specialised.. It will be a better learning experience for the students especially for those who are not able to understand and follow the normal classes in college..we assure the students that you will get a basic idea regarding the topic and extra reading can be done from the reference textbooks..
Qualification
AHLAD T O
Maneesha M Joseph
MSc MLT (Microbiology)
Assistant Professor
Baby memorial college of allied Health science
Kozhikode
Our Partner Channel
Health & Voyage channel link - https://youtu.be/nzKqRVjlwc0
#Superficial Mycoses Mycology microbiology
#Medical
#Microbiology
#Superficial Mycoses Mycology malayalam lecturer
#Mallu Medicos Lounge
##MalluMedicosLounge
#MLT
#Tinea Versicolor
#Tinea Nigra
#Piedra
Laboratory diagnosis of leprosy
Laboratory diagnosis of leprosy is primarily based on clinical signs and symptoms. Skin and nasal smears can be taken from lesions to look for acid-fast Mycobacterium leprae bacteria under microscopy. Biopsies of infected skin or nasal tissue can also be analyzed with acid-fast staining, culturing, or PCR to confirm the presence of M. leprae DNA. Classification of leprosy type is aided by the Lepromin skin test response and lymphocyte proliferation assays, which indicate level of cell-mediated immunity toward M. leprae.
Fungal infections
This document provides information on fungal infections and actinomycosis. It describes common endemic and opportunistic fungal infections like Candida, Aspergillus, Mucor, and Cryptococcus that typically infect immunocompromised individuals. Superficial fungal infections involve the skin, hair and nails, while deep infections spread systemically. Specific fungal infections discussed include candidiasis, aspergillosis, mucormycosis, and madura foot. Actinomycosis is also covered, which is caused by bacteria like Nocardia and Actinomyces. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia is an opportunistic infection in AIDS patients. Diagnosis involves microscopic
Superficial Mycoses
Superficial mycoses are fungal infections that are limited to the outer layers of the skin. Common causative agents include dermatophytes, Malassezia furfur, Piedraia hortae, Trichosporon beigelii, and Exophiala werneckii. Dermatophytes such as Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton cause ringworm infections of the skin, hair, and nails. Clinical manifestations vary depending on the infected area but may include scaly patches with active, inflamed borders. Laboratory identification involves microscopic examination of specimens and fungal culture.
Bacterial infection of the skin
Bacterial infections of the skin can be either primary (caused by a single pathogen affecting normal skin) or secondary (occurring in already diseased skin). Common primary pathogens include Staphylococcus aureus, beta-hemolytic streptococci, and coryneform bacteria. S. aureus is responsible for infections like impetigo, folliculitis, furuncles, carbuncles, scalded skin syndrome, and toxic shock syndrome. Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci cause impetigo and cellulitis. Other bacterial infections include ecthyma, erysipelas, cellulitis, cutaneous abscesses, and necrotizing fasciitis. Laboratory diagnosis involves specimen collection
Tinea dermatophytes
1. The document discusses various types of tinea or dermatophytosis, a fungal infection of the skin, hair, and nails, caused by dermatophyte fungi including Trichophyton, Epidermophyton, and Microsporum genera.
2. It describes the clinical manifestations and treatment of common types of tinea infections such as tinea corporis (ringworm of the body), tinea pedis (athlete's foot), tinea cruris (jock itch), tinea unguium (nail infection), tinea capitis (ringworm of the scalp), and tinea barbae (ringworm of the beard).
3. Laboratory
1.1.2. viral infections of skin [compatibility mode]
This document discusses common viral skin infections, including warts caused by HPV, molluscum contagiosum virus, herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, and others. It provides details on the etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of each infection. Prevention methods are also summarized, such as practicing good hygiene and avoiding contact with infected areas until lesions are fully resolved.
Erysipelas
Erysipelas is a bacterial skin infection caused by streptococci that extends into cutaneous lymphatics. It is characterized by a red, sharply demarcated, raised, and tender rash. The infection begins as a small erythematous patch that progresses and involves regional lymph nodes. Treatment involves antibiotics like penicillin for 10-20 days. Recurrence is common in patients with predisposing skin conditions. Complications can include abscesses, gangrene, and thrombophlebitis.
Linear IgA bullous dermatosis II
Linear IgA Bullous Dermatosis of Childhood is a skin condition typically seen in children characterized by a "string of pearls" or "crown of jewels" blister pattern. This pattern presents as arciform and annular lesions, usually on the posterior thigh, with vesicles arranged in a ring resembling a crown of jewels. The key to diagnosing this condition is identifying this characteristic blister formation.
Larva migrans
Larva migrans is caused by larval migration through tissues. It can be cutaneous (skin), ocular (eyes), or visceral (internal organs). Cutaneous larva migrans is caused by animal hookworms in soil, causing burrowing skin lesions. Visceral larva migrans is caused by dog or cat roundworm eggs in soil ingested by humans, where the larvae migrate through organs causing damage. Ocular larva migrans is caused by the same roundworms migrating to the eyes. Diagnosis is based on symptoms, exposure history, and antibody tests. Prevention involves deworming pets and reducing children's contact with contaminated soil.
Superficial mycoses
The superficial mycoses are fungal infections confined to the outer layers of the skin. They are caused by dermatophytes, a group of keratinophilic fungi. Common types include tinea corporis (ringworm), tinea pedis (athlete's foot), tinea unguium (nail fungus), and tinea capitis (scalp ringworm). Diagnosis involves clinical examination, wood's lamp, microscopic examination of skin scrapings, and fungal culture. Treatment includes topical and oral antifungals like miconazole, griseofulvin, and terbinafine. Other superficial mycoses include pityriasis versicolor caused by Malassezia fur
Superficial Fungal Infections
The document discusses superficial fungal infections of the skin, hair, and nails. It describes several types of cutaneous mycoses caused by dermatophytes, yeasts such as Candida, and Malassezia. Specifically, it covers pityriasis versicolor, various tinea infections including tinea corporis, tinea capitis, and tinea pedis. It discusses the characteristic lesions, causative fungi, microscopic identification of fungi, treatment with antifungals, and prevention of spread.
Mycoses
This document summarizes different types of mycoses (fungal infections). It discusses four categories: superficial mycoses, cutaneous mycoses, subcutaneous mycoses, and subcutaneous zygomycoses. For each type, it provides the causative organisms, clinical symptoms, methods of diagnosis, and common treatments. The document primarily focuses on describing the characteristic features of different fungal infections for identification and management purposes.
Varicella zoster virus
This document discusses Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) which causes chickenpox (varicella) and shingles (herpes zoster). VZV establishes latency in dorsal root ganglia after primary infection of chickenpox which can later reactivate and cause shingles. Both diseases present with characteristic vesicular rashes but shingles lesions are limited to a single dermatome. Complications of shingles include postherpetic neuralgia. VZV is diagnosed through virus isolation, serology, PCR or antigen detection and treated with antiviral drugs like acyclovir. Vaccination provides effective protection against chickenpox.
Dematiaceous fungi.pptx
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Superficial mycoses are fungal infections limited to the outer layers of the skin. They include pityriasis versicolor caused by Malassezia furfur, tinea nigra caused by Exophiala werneckii, and white and black piedra. Dermatophytes are the causative agents of ringworm and include the genera Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton. They infect keratinized tissues like skin, hair, and nails. Laboratory diagnosis involves microscopic examination of skin scrapings and fungal culture.
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This document summarizes various fungal infections. It describes that most fungal infections are mild and involve superficial areas like skin, hair, and nails. These include pityriasis versicolor, tinea infections like corporis, cruris, pedis, capitis and barbae, onychomycosis, tinea nigra, and piedra. Some deeper infections in subcutaneous tissues are also described such as chromoblastomycosis, mycetoma, and sporotrichosis. Systemic fungal infections that spread throughout the body are also briefly mentioned. Key identifying features, causative organisms and histopathological findings of major fungal infections are provided.
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This document provides information on several fungal infections that can affect the skin and other body systems. It describes the causative fungi, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment for conditions like pityriasis versicolor, tinea nigra, cutaneous candidiasis, dermatophytosis, mycetoma, chromoblastomycosis, sporotrichosis, rhinosporidiosis, cryptococcosis, blastomycosis, paracoccidiodomycosis, coccidiodomycosis, histoplasmosis, and aspergillosis. Key diagnostic methods include microscopy of skin or tissue samples using potassium hydroxide, fungal culture, histopathology and serological tests
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This document classifies fungi that cause infections in humans into four categories: 1) superficial or cutaneous mycoses which are strictly surface infections of the skin, hair, and nails, 2) subcutaneous mycoses which are localized infections of the subcutaneous tissue following trauma, 3) systemic mycoses caused by dimorphic soil fungi that can disseminate throughout the body after inhalation of spores, and 4) opportunistic mycoses that primarily affect immunocompromised individuals. Examples of common or clinically relevant fungi are provided for each category.
Mycotic(fungal) Infections
1. Fungal infections in humans can be classified based on the level of tissue involved as superficial, cutaneous, subcutaneous, systemic, or opportunistic.
2. Superficial infections involve only the superficial layer of skin, while cutaneous infections penetrate the keratinized layer of skin. Subcutaneous infections penetrate deeper to involve subcutaneous tissue.
3. Systemic fungal infections spread throughout the body via the blood or lymphatic system and can infect multiple internal organs. Opportunistic infections occur in immunocompromised individuals and involve normal fungal flora that have become pathogenic.
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This document provides information on fungal diseases of medical importance. It defines fungi and their characteristics, including that they are eukaryotic organisms that absorb nutrients and reproduce both sexually and asexually. The document classifies fungi into phyla and discusses some common fungal infections affecting humans, including superficial infections like tinea versicolor and piedra, as well as deeper infections and opportunistic infections in immunocompromised individuals. It provides details on the causative agents, symptoms, and treatment of various medically important fungal diseases.
Fungal infections
1. Fungal infections of the skin, hair and nails are caused by dermatophyte fungi of three genera - Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton.
2. Common fungal infections include athlete's foot, nail fungus, ringworm of the groin/body, and ringworm of the scalp.
3. Symptoms vary by type of infection but often include scaling, itching, and rashes. Diagnosis involves microscopic examination of skin/nail samples and cultures.
4. Treatment involves topical antifungal creams/ointments for minor infections and oral antifungals like terbinafine, itraconazole
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Fungal infections are caused by harmful fungi and can be diagnosed and treated if caught early. They are classified as superficial, subcutaneous, or systemic. Common fungal infections include candidiasis caused by Candida species, dermatophytosis caused by fungi that infect the skin, nails and hair, and subcutaneous mycoses which penetrate deeper tissues. Dermatophytosis is further classified based on the infected site such as tinea capitis infecting the head.
100004568.ppt
Cutaneous fungal infections can be caused by dermatophytes, which include various fungi in the genera Microsporum, Epidermophyton, and Trichophyton. Common infections include ringworm (dermatophytosis) of the skin, hair, and nails. Major symptoms and locations of ringworm include athlete's foot (tinea pedis) between the toes, jock itch (tinea cruris) in the groin area, and scalp ringworm (tinea capitis). Diagnosis involves microscopic examination of skin or nail samples in potassium hydroxide to view fungal hyphae as well as culturing samples on agar plates.
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This document provides an overview of various skin diseases and disorders, including:
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- Acne vulgaris, an inflammatory disease of hair follicles causing comedos, papules and pustules. Hormonal changes and stress can precipitate outbreaks. Treatment focuses on reducing bacterial infection and inflammation.
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Dermatology(mycoses)
1. Superficial mycoses are limited to the outermost layer of the skin and include pityriasis versicolor, tinea nigra, black piedra, and white piedra.
2. Cutaneous mycoses involve the skin, hair, and nails, evoke an immune response, and include dermatophyte infections known as ringworm.
3. Common dermatophytes that cause cutaneous mycoses are Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton. Diagnosis involves microscopic examination of skin scrapings and cultures on selective media.
Superficial & cutaneous mycoses
1. The document discusses several fungal skin infections including pityriasis versicolor caused by Malassezia furfur which causes mild scaling and mottling of the skin. It is treated with selenium sulfide or oral/topical antifungals.
2. It also discusses tinea nigra caused by Hortaea werneckii which appears as dark brown to black discoloration on the palms and responds to keratolytic solutions or antifungals.
3. Subcutaneous mycoses like sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix schenckii which presents as lesions on extremities and spreads to lymph nodes, is treated with itraconazole or amp
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This document summarizes various skin and soft tissue infections, including their causes, symptoms, and treatments. Erysipelas is a streptococcal infection of the skin that causes a painful, erythematous rash. Impetigo is a contagious superficial infection commonly caused by streptococci or staphylococci in children. Folliculitis is a bacterial infection of hair follicles that causes papules and pustules. Boils are deeper hair follicle infections forming tender, red swellings. Carbuncles are clusters of interconnected boils. Cellulitis is a spreading bacterial skin infection beneath the skin. Necrotizing fasciitis is a severe infection of the fascia requiring aggressive
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This document provides information about a student presentation on superficial mycosis. It lists the group members and discusses topics like pityriasis versicolor, tinea nigra, piedra, and dermatophytes. Pityriasis versicolor is caused by the fungus Malassezia and causes discolored patches. Tinea nigra is caused by Hortaea werneckii and results in black skin lesions from contact with soil or saltwater. Piedra causes small stone-like nodules on hair and comes in black and white varieties due to different fungal causes. Dermatophytes are fungi that can infect skin, hair, and nails through person-to-person or animal contact.
Superficial mycosis
1. Superficial mycoses involve infections of the skin and its appendages by fungi including Malassezia species, dermatophytes, and others.
2. Common conditions include pityriasis versicolor caused by Malassezia furfur presenting as discolored patches, and tinea infections like tinea corporis caused by dermatophytes appearing as scaly rings.
3. Laboratory diagnosis involves potassium hydroxide microscopy of skin and nail samples to visualize fungal elements, and culture to isolate and identify the causative agent. Topical and oral antifungal drugs are used for treatment.
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Fungal infections prenav
- 2. • Causes - profuse sweating - poor hygiene - poor immunity
- 3. Classification • Superficial ( skin ) • Subcutaneous • Systemic
- 4. Superficial mycosis Pityriasis versicolor Pityrosporum folliculitis Tinea nigra palmaris Black piedra White piedra Dermatophytosis Candidiasis
- 5. Pityriasis versicolor Macules – hypopigmented or hyperpigmented Malassezia furfur
- 6. Pityrosporum folliculitis Malassezzia furfur Seen commonly in back and shoulders
- 7. Superficial mycosis Pityriasis versicolor Pityrosporum folliculitis Tinea nigra palmaris Black piedra White piedra Dermatophytosis Candidiasis
- 8. Tinea nigra palmaris Exophiala werneckii Hyperpigmented macular
- 9. Superficial mycosis Pityriasis versicolor Pityrosporum folliculitis Tinea nigra palmaris Black piedra White piedra Dermatophytosis Candidiasis
- 10. Piedraia hortaeTrichosporon asahii Black piedraWhite piedra
- 11. Superficial mycosis Pityriasis versicolor Pityrosporum folliculitis Tinea nigra palmaris Black piedra White piedra Dermatophytosis Candidiasis
- 12. Dermatophytosis Caused by a group of fungi called dermatophytes MICROSPORUM TRICHOPHYTON EPIDERMOPHYTON
- 13. BASED ON SITE - Head: Tinea capitis - Beard: Tinea barbae - Trunk: Tinea corporis - Groin/gluteal folds: Tinea cruris - Palms: Tinea manuum - Soles: Tinea pedis - Nail: Tinea unguium TINEA – RINGWORM
- 14. TINEA CAPITIS • FUNGUS PRESENT OUTSIDE THE HAIR SHAFT – EXOTRIX • FUNGUS PRESENT INSIDE THE HAIR SHAFT - ENDOTRIX
- 15. 3 TYPES Black dots Kieron Favus
- 17. Tinea corporis
- 18. Tinea cruris
- 19. Tinea mannum
- 20. Tinea pedis
- 21. Tinea unguium
- 22. Superficial mycosis Pityriasis versicolor Pityrosporum folliculitis Tinea nigra palmaris Black piedra White piedra Dermatophytosis Candidiasis
- 23. Candidiasis Organism : Candida albicans Candida tropicalis Candida pseudotropicalis Candida glabrata
- 24. Oral thrush Flexural candidiasis Vulvo vaginal thrush Candidal Paronychia
- 25. Superficial mycosis Pityriasis versicolor Pityrosporum folliculitis Tinea nigra palmaris Black piedra White piedra Dermatophytosis Candidiasis
- 26. Subcutaneous mycosis • Mycetoma • Chromoblastomycosis • Sporotrichosis • Rhinosporidiosis
- 28. Chromoblastomycosis • Cutaneous Warty Nodules • Resembles florets of cauliflower
- 32. Revision