Typhoid
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cause,pathogensis,clinical features,treatment,prevention are explained in short .. pls comment if u want anythin to be added .. or if u want to know something more abt typhoid ... i wud consider it as a positive stimulus for me ....
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Typhoid
- 3. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TYPHOID • STUDY ABOUT TYPHOID • APPLYING THE STUDY TO CONTROL TYPHOID
- 4. STUDY OF TYPHOID • AGENT • HOST • ENVIROMENTAL FACTOR • MODE OF TRANSMISSION • PATHOGENESIS • CLINICAL FEATURES • CARRIERS • LAB DIAGNOSIS CONTROL OF TYPHOID
- 5. AGENT SALMONELLA TYPHI SALMONELLA PARATYPHI A SALMONELLA PARATYPHI B PARATYPHOID SALMONELLA PARATYPHI C FEVER
- 6. • THEY GET KILLED BY DRYING PASTEURIZATION COMMON DISINFECTANTS • THEY CAN SURVIVE WELL IN ICE
- 7. • 3 ANTIGENS O ANTIGEN H ANTIGEN Vi ANTIGEN
- 8. STUDY OF TYPHOID • AGENT • HOST • ENVIROMENTAL FACTOR • MODE OF TRANSMISSION • PATHOGENESIS • CLINICAL FEATURES • CARRIERS • LAB DIAGNOSIS CONTROL OF TYPHOID
- 9. HOST AFFECTS ANY AGE OFTEN 5-20 YRS
- 10. •AFFECTS BOTH SEX • MALES MORE THAN FEMALES
- 11. IMMUNITY • GASTRIC ACIDITY AND INTESTINAL IMMUNE SYSTEMS • CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY PLAYS THE MAJOR ROLE
- 12. STUDY OF TYPHOID • AGENT • HOST • ENVIROMENTAL FACTOR • MODE OF TRANSMISSION • PATHOGENESIS • CLINICAL FEATURES • CARRIERS • LAB DIAGNOSIS CONTROL OF TYPHOID
- 13. ENVIROMENTAL FACTOR • SEEN COMMONLY DURING JULY – SEPTEMBER • BACILLI CAN SURVIVE WELL IN ICE CREAMS , MILK , SEWAGE • POLLUTION OF WATER AND SOIL BY DEFECATION AND URINATION
- 14. STUDY OF TYPHOID • AGENT • HOST • ENVIROMENTAL FACTOR • MODE OF TRANSMISSION • PATHOGENESIS • CLINICAL FEATURES • CARRIERS • LAB DIAGNOSIS CONTROL OF TYPHOID
- 15. MODE OF TRANSMISSION • FAECAL-ORAL ROUTE • URINE-ORAL ROUTE
- 16. • DIRECTLY • INDIRECTLY
- 17. • CONTAMINATED FOOD CONTAMINATION OF SOIL AND WATER FLIES
- 19. STUDY OF TYPHOID • AGENT • HOST • ENVIROMENTAL FACTOR • MODE OF TRANSMISSION • PATHOGENESIS • CLINICAL FEATURES • CARRIERS • LAB DIAGNOSIS CONTROL OF TYPHOID
- 20. PATHOGENESIS
- 21. 1. TYPHOID BACTERIA ENTER THE MOUTH REACHES ILEUM SEGMENT OF SMALL INTESTINE 2. BACTERIA PIERCES THROUGH THE MUCOSAL CELL AND GETS ENGULFED BY THE MACROPHAGE IN THE PEYERS PATCHES 3. THESE MARCROPHAGES WILL ENTER THE BLOOD STREAM FROM SMALL INTESTINE AND GOES TO ORGANS LIKE LIVER , SPLEEN AND BONE MAROW 4. BACTERIA STARTS MULTIPLYING INSIDE THESE MACROPHAGES AND BURSTS OUT . THEN INVADES MORE MACROPHAGES IN THESE ORGANS . AFTER A POINT SPILLAGE OF BACTERIA INTO THE BLOOD STREAM HAPPENS CAUSING SYMPTOMS
- 22. STUDY OF TYPHOID • AGENT • HOST • ENVIROMENTAL FACTOR • MODE OF TRANSMISSION • PATHOGENESIS • CLINICAL FEATURES • CARRIERS • LAB DIAGNOSIS CONTROL OF TYPHOID
- 23. CLINICAL FEATURES INCUBATION PERIOD 10-14 DAYS • FIRST WEEK • SECOND WEEK • THIRD WEEK
- 24. CLINICAL FEATURES • First week FEVER HEADACHE CONSTIPATION OR DIARRHOEA
- 25. CLINICAL FEATURES • SECOND WEEK ROSE SPOTS COUGH SPLENOMEGALY HEPATOMEGALY
- 26. CLINICAL FEATURES • THIRD WEEK COMPLICATIONS: PERFORATION HAEMORRHAGE MENINGITIS MYOCARDITIS NEPHRITIS & DEATH
- 27. STUDY OF TYPHOID • AGENT • HOST • ENVIROMENTAL FACTOR • MODE OF TRANSMISSION • PATHOGENESIS • CLINICAL FEATURES • CARRIERS • LAB DIAGNOSIS CONTROL OF TYPHOID
- 28. CARRIERS • INCUBATORY CARRIER • CONVALESCENT CARRIER • CHRONIC CARRIER
- 29. MARY MALLON / TYPHOID MARY / MARY BROWN
- 30. STUDY OF TYPHOID • AGENT • HOST • ENVIROMENTAL FACTOR • MODE OF TRANSMISSION • PATHOGENESIS • CLINICAL FEATURES • CARRIERS • LAB DIAGNOSIS CONTROL OF TYPHOID
- 31. LAB DIAGNOSIS • CULTURE – BLOOD, BONE MARROW, STOOL • WIDAL’S TEST – O & H ANTIBODIES ESTIMATION
- 32. • NEW DIAGNOSTIC TESTS IDL TUBES TEST TYPHIDOT TYPHIDOT M
- 33. STUDY OF TYPHOID • AGENT • HOST • ENVIROMENTAL FACTORS • MODE OF TRANSMISSION • PATHOGENESIS • CLINICAL FEATURES • CARRIERS • LAB DIAGNOSIS CONTROL OF TYPHOID
- 34. CONTROL OF TYPHOID • CONTROL OF RESERVOIRS (TYPHOID CASES AND CARRIERS) • CONTROL OF SANITATION • IMMUNIZATION
- 35. CONTROL OF RESERVOIR • TYPHOID CASES 1. DIAGNOSIS 2. NOTIFICATION 3. ISOLATION 4. TREATMENT –FLUROQUINOLONES , AMPICILLIN , AMOXYCILLIN , TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE 5. DISINFECTION 6. FOLLOW UP
- 36. CONTROL OF RESERVOIR • CARRIERS 1. IDENTIFICATION 2. TREATMENT – AMOXYCILLIN, AMPICILLIN , SURGERY 3. SURVEILLANCE 4. HEALTH EDUCATION
- 38. CONTROL OF TYPHOID • CONTROL OF RESERVOIRS (CASES AND CARRIERS) • CONTROL OF SANITATION • IMMUNIZATION
- 39. CONTROL OF SANITATION • PROVIDING CLEAN WATER TO PUBLIC • PROPER DISPOSAL OF EXCRETA • PROTECTION OF WATER SOURCES FROM CONTAMINATION
- 40. CONTROL OF TYPHOID • CONTROL OF RESERVOIRS (CASES AND CARRIERS) • CONTROL OF SANITATION • IMMUNIZATION
- 41. IMMUNISATION • 2 VACCINES Vi VACCINE LIVE ORAL VACCINE / Ty21a VACCINE
- 42. Vi VACCINE • CONTAINS Vi CAPSULAR ANTIGEN • ADMINISTERED S.C OR I.M • GIVEN FOR ≥ 2 YRS SCHEDULE • ONLY 1 DOSE REQIURED • RE VACCINATION AFTER 3 YRS • NO ADVERSE EFFECTS NOR CONTRAINDICATIONS
- 43. LIVE ORAL VACCINE / Ty21a VACCINE • CONTAINS LIVE ATTENUATED Ty21 STRAIN • ADMINISTERED ORALLY • GIVEN AS CAPSULES ( 5 YRS ) OR LIQUID FORM ( 2 YRS ) SCHEDULE • GIVEN ON 1ST 3RD AND 5TH DAY • REVACCINATION SHOULD BE DONE EVERY 3 YRS FOR PEOPLE LIVING IN ENDMEC AREA EVERY 1 YR IN TRAVELLERS CONTRAINDICATIONS • NO ANTIBIOTICS SHOULD BE TAKEN WITH IT • SHOULD NOT BE GIVEN DURING DIARRHOEA • NOT TO BE GIVEN IN IMMUNO DEFICIENT PATIENTS
- 44. CONTROL OF TYPHOID • CONTROL OF RESERVOIRS (CASES AND CARRIERS) • CONTROL OF SANITATION • IMMUNIZATION