This document provides an overview of fundamentals of computer and information systems. It defines a computer as an electronic device that can store, process, and arrange information to produce outputs. The document then discusses characteristics of computers like speed, accuracy, versatility, and reliability. It outlines advantages such as multitasking, speed, data storage capacity, and accuracy. Limitations including viruses, cybercrimes, environmental impacts, and health issues are also summarized. The document categorizes types of computers as supercomputers, mainframes, minicomputers, workstations, and personal computers. It concludes by listing applications of computers in fields like banking, education, industries, entertainment, hospitals, and data processing.

1. FUNDAMENTALS OF
COMPUTER AND INFORMATION
SYSTEM(UNIT 1)
BY:SURBHI SAROHA

2. SYLLABUS
• What is a computer
• Charateristics of a computer
• Advantages of Computer
• Limitations of Computer
• Types of computer
• Applications of computer

3. WHAT IS A COMPUTER
• An electronic machine that can store, find and arrange information, calculate amounts and control
other machines.
• A computer is a programmable electronic device that accepts raw data as input and processes it with a
set of instructions (a program) to produce the result as output.
• It renders output just after performing mathematical and logical operations and can save the output for
future use.
• It can process numerical as well as non-numerical calculations. The term "computer" is derived from the
Latin word "computare" which means to calculate.
• Charles Babbage is also known as the father of the computer.

4. CHARATERISTICS OF A COMPUTER
• Speed
• A computer works with much higher speed and accuracy compared to humans while performing
mathematical calculations. Computers can process millions (1,000,000) of instructions per second. The
time taken by computers for their operations is microseconds and nanoseconds.
• Accuracy
• Computers perform calculations with 100% accuracy. Errors may occur due to data inconsistency or
inaccuracy.
• Diligence
• A computer can perform millions of tasks or calculations with the same consistency and accuracy. It
doesn’t feel any fatigue or lack of concentration. Its memory also makes it superior to that of human
beings.

5. CONT…..
• Versatility
• Versatility refers to the capability of a computer to perform different kinds of works with same accuracy and
efficiency.
• Reliability
• A computer is reliable as it gives consistent result for similar set of data i.e., if we give same set of input any
number of times, we will get the same result.
• Automation
• Computer performs all the tasks automatically i.e. it performs tasks without manual intervention.
• Memory
• A computer has built-in memory called primary memory where it stores data. Secondary storage are
removable devices such as CDs, pen drives, etc., which are also used to store data.

6. CHARATERISTICS OF A COMPUTER

7. ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER
• Multitasking- Multitasking is one among the main advantage of computer. Person can do multiple task,
multiple operation at a same time, calculate numerical problems within few seconds. Computer can
perform millions or trillions of work in one second.
• Speed – Now computer isn’t just a calculating device. Now a day’s computer has vital role in human life.
One of the most advantages of computer is its incredible speed, which helps human to finish their task
in few seconds.
• Cost/ Stores huge – Amount of knowledge it’s a coffee cost solution. Person can save huge data within a
coffee budget. Centralized database of storing information is that the major advantage which will
reduce cost.

8. CONT….
• Accuracy – One among the basis advantage of computer is which will perform not only calculations but
also with accuracy.
• Data Security – Protecting digital data is understood as data security.
• Task completer – Completes tasks that might be impossible for humans to complete.
• Communication – Computer helps the user in better understanding and communication with the other
devices.
• Productivity – The level of productivity gets automatically doubled as the computer can done the work
at very fast.

9. LIMITATIONS OF COMPUTER
• Virus and hacking attacks – Virus may be a worm and hacking is just an unauthorized access over
computer for a few illicit purpose. Virus can go to other system from email attachment, viewing an
infected website advertisement, through removable device like USB etc.
• Online Cyber Crimes – Online cyber-crime means computer and network may have utilized in order to
commit crime. Cyberstalking and fraud are the points which comes under online cyber-crimes.
• Reduction employed opportunity – Mainly past generation wasn’t used of the pc or they need the
knowledge of computer they faced an enormous problem when computer came in field.
• High cost – Computers are expensive. Even the foremost affordable computers are still very expensive
for the typical person in South Africa. Since computers empower people.

10. CONT…..
• Distractions/disruptions – If you’ve got ever spent hours browsing the web or watching videos on
YouTube, then you recognize how distracting computers can be! Because of their high entertainment
value.
• Increases waste and impacts the environment – With the speed that computers and other electronics
get replaced, all of the old devices that get thrown away have a big impact on the environment.
• Health Problems: – Prolonged use of computers can lead to various health Hazards. Too much sitting
near the screen results in eye strain and drying up of the eyes. Also, prolonged sitting leads to neck and
back problems.

11. TYPES OF COMPUTER
• There are five types of computers:
• Supercomputer
• Mainframe computer
• Minicomputer
• Workstation
• PC (Personal Computer)

12. 1. SUPERCOMPUTER:
• Supercomputers are the computers which are the fastest and they are also very expensive.
• It can calculate up to ten trillion individual calculations per second, this is also the reason which makes
it even more faster.
• It is used in the stock market or big organizations for managing the online currency world such as
bitcoin etc.
• It is used in scientific research areas for analyzing data obtained from exploring the solar system,
satellites, etc.

13. 2. MAINFRAME COMPUTER:
• It is also an expensive or costly computer.
• It has high storage capacity and great performance.
• It can process a huge amount of data (like data involved in the banking sector) very quickly.
• It runs smoothly for a long time and has a long life.

14. 3. MINICOMPUTER:
• Its weight is low.
• Because of its low weight, it is easy to carry anywhere.
• less expensive than a mainframe computer.
• It is fast.

15. 4. WORKSTATION:
• It is expensive or high in cost.
• They are exclusively made for complex work purposes.
• It provides large storage capacity, with better graphics, and a more powerful CPU when compared to a
PC.
• It is also used to handle animation, data analysis, CAD, audio and video creation, and editing.

16. 5. PC (PERSONAL COMPUTER):
• In this limited number of software can be used.
• It is smallest in size.
• It is designed for personal use.
• It is easy to use.

17. APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER
• Following are some of the application areas of computer
• 1. Banking
2. Education
3. Industries
4. Entertainments
5. Hospitals
6. Data processing

18. CONT…
• Banking
• Computers are used in banks for money transfer, voucher, ledger, bank sheet, etc.
• Education
• Computer is an effective tool which can be used for teaching and learning, result processing, student
data processing, question preparation, handouts and note preparation etc. Computers are also used
for online education.
• Industries
• Industrial research, budgeting and process control are based on computers. The robotics are also
computer based.

19. CONT…..
• Entertainments
• Entertainment fields such as multimedia, film making with animation, graphics, audio and visual design are
done with the help of computers.
• Hospitals
• The research in health is done with the help of computers. It is applied in medicine, surgery and research.
• Data processing
• All types of data processing such as word, data, salary, income tax, database processingetc are processed
with the help of computers.
•

20. THANK YOU