The document discusses programming fundamentals and provides examples of using conditional statements and decision making in programs. It gives examples of programs that determine student status based on marks, determine student grade based on total marks and GPA, and determine if a car is mid-sized based on price and engine capacity. It also discusses how decisions in programs can lead to further decision making and provides additional examples of programs that perform operations like division, multiplication or addition based on the value of a second number, or display names based on roll number or day number.

1. Programming Fundamentals

2. Consider this Example Determine status of a Student from marks of two of his subjects and his GPA If either the marks for both of the subjects are greater than 40 or GPA is greater than 2, he’s considered passed Programming Fundamentals | Lecture-5

3. Programming Fundamentals | Lecture-5 START READ m1, m2, GPA DISPLAY “Passed” STOP (m1 > 40 AND m2 > 40) OR GPA > 2 Yes No DISPLAY “Failed”

4. Another Example Determine whether a student has got Grade A from his total marks and his GPA If marks are greater than 80 and less than 90 OR GPA is greater than 3.7 and less 3.8, he will be graded as “A” Programming Fundamentals | Lecture-5

5. Programming Fundamentals | Lecture-5 START READ tm, GPA DISPLAY “A” STOP (tm > 80 AND tm < 90) OR (GPA > 3.7 AND GPA < 3.8) Yes No DISPLAY “Other than A”

6. Try this Yourself Determine whether a car is of mid-size type or not from its price (in millions) and engine capacity (in cc) If price is between 1 million and 2 million or if engine capacity is between 1000 and 1500, a car is considered to be a mid-size car Programming Fundamentals | Lecture-5

7. Programming Fundamentals | Lecture-5 Decision Box Yes No > > <= < < >= == == != != != == <= <= > >= >= < Operator Opposite > <= < >= == != != == <= > >= <

8. Decision leading to Decisions In real-world problems, it frequently happens that result of a decision leads to further decision making This way computer programs prove to be much more useful Programming Fundamentals | Lecture-5

9. Consider this Example For two numbers, do the following If second number is greater than 0 Divide them If second number is less than 0 Multiply them If second number is equal to 0 Add them Programming Fundamentals | Lecture-5

10. Programming Fundamentals | Lecture-5 START READ num1, num2 DISPLAY ans STOP ans = num1 / num2 num2 > 0 Yes No num2 < 0 ans = num1 * num2 ans = num1 +num2 <= > Yes < No ==

11. Another Example For given roll number of a student, display his name Assume that there are only three students (first three roll numbers of your section) Programming Fundamentals | Lecture-5

12. Programming Fundamentals | Lecture-5 START READ rollNo DISPLAY “Ali” STOP rollNo == 2 Yes No != == Yes < No rollNo == 4 rollNo == 8 DISPLAY “Rehman” DISPLAY “Hassan” DISPLAY “No Such Student” Yes No

13. Try this Yourself For given day number of the week, display the corresponding day Programming Fundamentals | Lecture-5 Day Number Week Day 1 Monday 2 Tuesday 3 Wednesday 4 Thursday

14. Tasks (to be done by next lecture) Display the name of a city against given city code Design your solution for 4-5 cities only Calculate base pay from given annual salary and pay type Base pay = salary / Dividing Factor Programming Fundamentals | Lecture-5 Pay type Description Dividing Factor 1 Weekly 52 2 Bi-monthly 24 3 Monthly 12

15. Programming Fundamentals | Lecture-5 BE PREPARED FOR QUIZ IN NEXT LECTURE