Computer bca

1. FUNDAMENTAL
OF COMPUTER

2. FULL FORM OF COMPUTR
C-COMMON
O-OPERATING
M-MACHINE
P-PARTICULAR
U-USED IN
T-TRADE OF
E-EDUCATION &
R-RESEARCH

3. GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF
COMPUTER SYSTEM
INPUT
UNIT
STORAGE
UNIT
OUTPUT
UNIT
CONTROL
UNIT
ARITHMETIC &
LOGIC
UNIT

4. WHAT COMPUTER KNOWS?
• COMPUTER KNOWS ONLY 0 & 1. WHERE 0 IS
FALSE & 1 IS TRUE.
• 0 & 1 IS CALLED A BINARY NUMBER, BOOL
VALUE & MACHINE CODE.
• IN 1837 GEROGE BOOLE HAD INVENTED
NUMBER SYSTEM FOR COMPUTER AND
CALLED BOOLEAN LOGIC/ALGEBRA.
• IN THIS NUMBER SYSTEM HE TAKEN FOUR
VALUES & THEY ARE.

5. NUMBER SYSTEM
NUMBER SYSTEM RADIX(BASE) VALUE
BINARY 2 0,1
OCTAL 8 0,7
DECIMAL 10 0,9
HEXADECIMAL 16 0,9 A-F
WHERE THE VALUE OF A TO F IS
A=10, B=11, C=12, D=13, E=14, F=15

6. COMPUTER LANGUAGES
• THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF COMPUTER
LANGUAGES
1. HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE (H.L.L)
2. ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE (A.L)
3. MACHINE LEVEL LANGUAGE (M.L.L)
• GENERALLY WE WROTE OUR PROGRAM IN
H.L.L & IT’S CONVERTED INTO THE BINARY
BY USING IT’S UTILITY SOFTWARE.

7. UTILITY SOFTWARE
• COMPLIER:- IT’S A TRANSLATOR THAT COVERTS
HLL DATA INTO THE MLL DATA BUT IS EXECUTES
WHOLE PROGRAM & PRODUCE BUG.
• INTERPRETER:- IT’S A ALSO TRANSLATOR BUT IT
DIFFER FROM COMPILER. IT’S ALSO CONVERT
HLL DATA INTO THE MLL DATA BUT IT PERFORM
STEP BY STEP EXECUTION.
• ASSEMBLER:- IT’S ALSO A TRANSLATOR BUT IT
CONVERTS DATA INTO THE MNEMONICS FORM.

8. CHARACTER SET
• IT’S A COMBINATION OF 256 CHARACTER. THIS
CHARACTER SET MADE BY ANSI(AMERICAN NATIONAL
STANDARD INSTITUTION).
• ANSI CATEGORIZED THIS CHARACTERSET INTO THE
FOLLOWING CATEGORORY.
LOWER ALPHA(a-z)
UPPER ALPHA (A-Z)
NUMBERS (0,9)
28 LETTERS (6 GROUP)
26 LETTERS (1 GROUP)
• ANSI MAKE ASCII CODE FOR THESE CHARACTER.
(a- 97, z-122), (A-65, Z-90), (0-48,1-49)
AMERICAN STANDARD CODE FOR INFORMATION
INTRCHANGE.

9. NUMBER CONVERSTION
• BINARY TO DECIMAL
• DECIMAL TO BINARY
• OCTAL TO DECIMAL
• DECIMAL TO OCTAL
• BINARY TO OCTAL
• OCTAL TO BINARY
• HEXADECIMAL TO DECIMAL
• HEXADECIMAL TO BINARY
• BINARY TO HEXADECIMAL

10. DECIMAL TO BINARY
(97)10 (1100001)2

11. BINARY TO DECIMAL
1 1 0 0 0 0 1

12. HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF
COMPUTER
3000BC ABACUS CHINA
1620 AD SLIDE RULER WILLIAM OUGHTHRED
1624 PASCAL ENGINE BLAZE PASCAL
1834 ANALYTICAL ENGINE CHARELS BABBAGE
1837 BOOLEAN LOGIC GEORGE BOOLE
1840 FIRST PROGRAM DR JOHN
1842 PROGRAM v/s DATA LADY AGUSTA ADA BYRON
1844 PUNCHCARD MACHINE HERMANN HOLLIRITH
1934 MARK-1 HOWARD AIKEN
1946 ENIAC ECKERT & MOUCHLEY
FULL FORM OF ENIAC
ELECTRONICAL NUMERICAL INTEGRATED AND COMPUTER

13. STORAGE CAPACITY
4 bits = 1 NIBBLE
8 bits = 1BYTES
1024 BYTES = 1KB(KILO BYTE)
1024 KB = 1MB(MEGA BYTE)
1024 MB = 1GB(GIGA BYTE)
1024 GB = 1TB(TERA BYTE)
1024 TB = 1PB(PETA BYTE)
1024 PB = 1EB(EXA BYTE)
1024 EB = 1ZB(ZETA BYTE)
1024 ZB = 1YB(YOTT BYTE)
1024 YB = 1BB(BRONTO BYTE)
1024 BB = 1GB(GEOP BYTE)

14. GENERATION OF COMPUTER
SNO YEAR COMPONANTS EG
1ST GEN 1946-54 VACCUM TUBE ENIAC,EDSAC,EDVAC
2ND GEN 1954-65 TRANSISTORS CRAY-1
3RD GEN 1965-75 IC LSIC,VLSIC
IC  INTEGRATED CIRCUIT IS MADE BY SILICON & MADE FROM
QUARTZ
THE BIGGEST VALLY OF SILICON IN INDIA BANGLURU
IN ABROAD  NORTH AMERICA
4TH GEN 1975-TILL NOW MICROPROCESSOR  PDA
5TH GEN PRESENT TO BEYOND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ROBOTS

15. THE DEVICES
• THERE ARE FOUR TYPES OF DEVICES
1. INPUT DEVICE
2. OUTPUT DEVICE
3. STORAGE DEVICE
4. PROCEESSING DEVICE

16. INPUT DEVICE
• KEYBOARD
• MOUSE
• JOYSTICK
• OMR (OPTICAL MARK READER)
• BAR CODE READER
• OCR(OPTICAL CHARACTER READER)
• MIC
• SCANNER
• WEB CAM
• CAMERA
• LIGHT PEN

17. OUTPUT DEVICES
• MONITOR (VDUVISUAL DISPLAY UNIT)
1. MONOCHROME (B/W MONITOR)
E.g. CRT( CATHODE RAY TUBE)
2. COLOR MONITOR
E.g. TFT (THIN FLIM TRANSISTORS)
LCD( LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY)
LED ( LIGHT EMITTING DIODE)
3. PRINTER
E.g. IMPACT & NON IMPACT PRINTER
4. SPEAKER

18. PROCESSING DEVICE
• MOTHER BOARD
• MICROPROCESSOR

19. STORAGE DEVICE
• PRIMARY STORAGE
DEVICE
– RAM:- RANDOM ACCESS
MEMORY
• SRAM:- STATIC RANDOM
ACCESS MEMORY
• DRAM:- DYNAMIC
RANDOM ACCESS
MEMORY
• SDRAM:- SYNCHRONOUS
DYNAMIC RANDOM
ACCESS MEMORY
– DDRI:- DOUBLE DATA
RATE
– DDRII
– DDRIII
ROM:- READ ONLY
MEMORY
• PROM:-
PROGRAMABLE READ
ONLY MEMORY
• EPROM:- ERASABLE
PROGRAMABLE READ
ONLY MEMORY
• EEPROM:-
ELECTRICALY
ERASABLE
PROGRAMABLE READ
ONLY MEMORY

20. SECONDARY STORAGE DEVICE
• HDD :- HARD DISK DRIVE
• FDD :- FLOPPY DISK DRIVE
• PD :- PEN DRIVE
• CD :- COMPACT DISK
• DVD :- DIGITAL VERSATILE DISK
• ZD :- ZIP DRIVE
• MAGNETIC TAPE

21. TYPES OF COMPUTER
• ANALOG COMPUTER
• DIGITAL COMPUTER
a. MICRO COMPUTER
b. MINI COMPUTER
c. MAINFRAME COMPUTER
d. SUPER COMPUTER
• HYBRID COMPUTER