This document discusses waste utilization from fruit and vegetable industries. It notes that by-products are secondary outputs from manufacturing that are minor compared to primary products. Food processing wastes include non-recycled residues from industries. These wastes can be considered valuable by-products if cost-effective means exist to reprocess them. The document outlines various types of by-products from fruit and vegetable processing like pomace, pits, and fermentation residues. It discusses utilizing these wastes as nutrients for livestock, sources of bioactive compounds, and in bioenergy production. Specifically, citrus waste streams can provide essential oils, pectin, and naringin. The conclusion states that utilizing food waste in high-value products increases industry

1. Waste utilization from fruit
and vegetables industry
Presented by – Shubham
MTech (FBT)

2. Introduction
A by-product is a secondary product derived from a manufacturing
process or chemical reaction. It is not the primary product or service
being produced. In the context of production, a by-product is the 'output
from a joint production process that is minor in quantity and/or net
realizable value (NRV) when compared to the main products'. Because
they are deemed to have no influence on reported financial results, by-
products do not receive allocations of joint costs.
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3. Waste
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• Food processing wastes are those end
products of various food processing
industries that have not been recycled or
used for other purposes.
• They are the non-product flows of raw
materials whose economic values ate less
than the cost of collection and recovery for
reuse; and therefore discarded as wastes.
• These wastes could be considered valuable
by-products if there were appropriate
technical means and if the value of the
subsequent products were to exceed the
cost of reprocessing

4. Impact Of Waste
⬗ Affects our health
⬗ Affects our socio-economic conditions
⬗ Affects our coastal and marine environment
⬗ Affects our climate
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6. Types of By-products of vegetable and fruit processing Industry
⬗ Various wastes obtained in different fruit processing industries
⬗ Pectin extraction from apple pomace-is the solid remains of grapes,
olives, or other fruit after pressing for juice or oil. It contains the skins,
pulp, seeds, and stems of the fruit. We can get tartaric acid extraction -
oxalic acid from pomace.
⬗ Fruit pits-kernel oil production, Citrus oil production, Value added
products from culled fruit, peels and rinds.
⬗ By-products of fruit and vegetable fermentation -wine and vinegar
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7. Fruit and Vegetable Wastes
⬗ Effluents are predominant
⬗ Solid wastes
According to the World Bank,
the urban areas of Asia produce
about 760,000 tons of MSW
per day, and it is estimated that
this figure will increase to 1.8
million tons of waste per day by
2025
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8. Utilization of Fruit and Vegetable Wastes
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 Excellent source of nutrients for livestock.
 Source of bioactive compounds.
 Useful in Bioenergy production.
 Artificial fertilizers.
Example - Banana foliage.
•Dried citrus pulp
•Mango seed kernel
•Pineapple juice waste
•Fresh cauliflower & cabbage

9. Utilization of Fruit and Vegetable Wastes as source of Bioactive
compounds
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Example:
Bioactive compounds from wastes of Citrus
processing:
•Sources of bioactive compounds
1: Flavedo layers (8-10% fruit weight): Source of
Essential oils used as flavourings, fragrances and
solvents.
2: Albedo (white spongy) layer: (15-30% fruit
weight) Source of pectin Naringin can be obtained
from the rind of grapefruit.

10. Conti…
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⬗ Pectin extraction:
⬗ Acid extraction
⬗ Filtration
⬗ Precipitation by alcohol.
Uses of pectin:-
1. gelling in jams & jellies, thickening, texturizing, emulsifier &
stabilizer…
2. Pectin is a soluble fiber (polysaccharide) found in fruits. It is used as a
thickener in cooking and baking. It is also sometimes used to make
medicine.

11. Conti….
3. Pectin binds substances in the intestines and adds bulk to the stools. It might also
reduce how much cholesterol the body absorbs from foods.
4. People use pectin for high cholesterol, prediabetes, heartburn, diarrhea, and many
other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses.
5. Pectin was used for years together with kaolin (Kaopectate) to control diarrhea.
But in 2003, the FDA found that evidence doesn't support the use of pectin for
diarrhea. Since April 2004, pectin has not been permitted as an anti-diarrhea
agent in over-the-counter (OTC) products. Kaopectate no longer contains pectin
and kaolin
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12. Conclusion
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Utilization of food processing wastes in the production of high value added
products has increased the profitability of the food processing industry by
reducing the cost of disposal of these wastes.

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