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A 25-year-old man presented with a swelling in his left submandibular region. Ultrasound and CT showed a cystic lesion that extended from the submandibular space into the sublingual and parapharyngeal spaces, consistent with a diving ranula. A ranula is a mucous retention cyst from an obstructed sublingual salivary gland. A 4-year-old girl presented with odynophagia and fever. MRI showed enlarged tonsils, consistent with her symptoms. Enlarged tonsils commonly seen in children usually do not require imaging but can be identified on imaging based on location. A 50-year-old man presented with blurred vision
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Proptosis in ophthalmology
- Proptosis refers to forward displacement of the eyeball beyond the orbital rim, usually due to an increased mass or volume within the orbit. Common causes include tumors, inflammation, trauma, thyroid eye disease, and vascular lesions.
- Examination involves measuring exophthalmometry, inspecting for signs of mass effect, pulsation or displacement of the globe, and evaluating for neurologic deficits. Imaging with CT or MRI is important to characterize the lesion causing proptosis.
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Eye ultrasound
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Orbital imaging vi
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Ct scan eye slide presentation
This document discusses various causes of proptosis (abnormal protrusion of the eyeball) and how they appear on CT scans. It lists common causes as vascular abnormalities, endocrine disorders like thyrotoxicosis, infections/inflammation, and neoplasms. CT scan is recommended for evaluation as it allows assessment of the orbit, paranasal sinuses, and intracranial structures. Examples are given of different pathologies appearing as retrobulbar masses, thickened or infiltrated extraocular muscles, sinus masses, and intracranial lesions that can cause proptosis.
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2. Surgical removal and stereotactic radiotherapy are common treatment options. Observation may be appropriate for older patients or small, slow-growing tumors not affecting hearing or brain function.
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Recommended
Proptosis in ophthalmology
- Proptosis refers to forward displacement of the eyeball beyond the orbital rim, usually due to an increased mass or volume within the orbit. Common causes include tumors, inflammation, trauma, thyroid eye disease, and vascular lesions.
- Examination involves measuring exophthalmometry, inspecting for signs of mass effect, pulsation or displacement of the globe, and evaluating for neurologic deficits. Imaging with CT or MRI is important to characterize the lesion causing proptosis.
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1. Using ultrasound to examine the eye and identify normal anatomy and common pathologies.
2. Scanning techniques for assessing the anterior chamber, posterior chamber, and retro-ocular region.
3. Descriptions of common pathologies like vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment, choroidal melanoma, and more and how they appear on ultrasound.
4. Images demonstrating ultrasound findings for various eye conditions.
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This document discusses several types of cystic lesions that can occur in the orbit, including dacryops, dermoid cysts, sinus mucoceles, and encephaloceles. Dacryops are cysts of the lacrimal gland that present as round protrusions in the upper eyelid. Dermoid cysts are lined with skin and contain skin structures, and can be superficial or deep. Sinus mucoceles occur when sinus drainage is obstructed, causing a mucus-filled cyst. Encephaloceles are herniations of brain or meninges through skull defects that can displace the eyeball.
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This document discusses the use of ultrasound in evaluating orbital pathologies. It outlines the advantages and disadvantages of ultrasound for orbital imaging. Key advantages include rapidity, accessibility, lack of radiation, ability to follow lesions over time, and lower cost compared to CT or MRI. Common orbital conditions seen in both children and adults are described, along with characteristic ultrasound findings for each condition. These include dermoid cysts, rhabdomyosarcoma, optic nerve glioma, thyroid ophthalmopathy, and others. Imaging features useful in diagnosis, such as lesion shape, borders, internal reflectivity, and Doppler flow, are emphasized. A variety of orbital masses, inflammatory conditions, and structural abnormalities are shown through ultrasound images.
Orbital imaging vi
The document discusses several pathologies that can cause proptosis (forward displacement) of the eye including orbital pseudotumor, Graves' ophthalmopathy, optic neuritis, and lymphoproliferative lesions of the orbit. Orbital pseudotumor is a non-granulomatous inflammatory process that can involve any orbital structure. Graves' ophthalmopathy is associated with thyroid dysfunction and causes enlargement of the extraocular muscles. Optic neuritis typically causes enlargement and enhancement of the optic nerve. Lymphoproliferative lesions include benign lymphoid hyperplasia and lymphomas, appearing as enhancing masses or infiltrative lesions.
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This document discusses various causes of proptosis (abnormal protrusion of the eyeball) and how they appear on CT scans. It lists common causes as vascular abnormalities, endocrine disorders like thyrotoxicosis, infections/inflammation, and neoplasms. CT scan is recommended for evaluation as it allows assessment of the orbit, paranasal sinuses, and intracranial structures. Examples are given of different pathologies appearing as retrobulbar masses, thickened or infiltrated extraocular muscles, sinus masses, and intracranial lesions that can cause proptosis.
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This document discusses vestibular schwannoma (VS), also known as acoustic neuroma. It provides details on:
1. The anatomy, pathology, genetics, histology, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment options for VS. Common symptoms include unilateral hearing loss and tinnitus. Diagnosis involves audiometry, imaging like MRI and evaluation of cranial nerve function.
2. Surgical removal and stereotactic radiotherapy are common treatment options. Observation may be appropriate for older patients or small, slow-growing tumors not affecting hearing or brain function.
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Orbital imaging (X-RAY,CT SCAN,AND MRI)
Three key points about imaging the orbit:
1. CT scans provide the best view of bony details and calcifications in the orbit, and can detect small fractures and foreign bodies. Slice thickness and tissue windows must be optimized for diagnostic quality.
2. Different x-ray views (like Waters, Caldwell's, and lateral) allow visualization of specific orbital structures and are useful for identifying pathology in different areas.
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1. A 38-year-old man presented with unilateral right eye proptosis and downward displacement following frontal sinus surgery. He was diagnosed with invasive aspergillosis secondary to the surgery.
2. Clinical evaluation of proptosis involves assessing signs such as eyelid position, eye movement, visual acuity and pupillary reaction. Imaging with CT or MRI is useful to identify the cause, which can include tumors, infections, fractures or vascular lesions.
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10 neck masses - copy
1. Congenital neck masses are abnormal growths present from birth between the clavicles and mandible. The most common congenital neck mass is a thyroglossal cyst, which forms from a persistent thyroglossal duct during development.
2. Other congenital neck masses include branchial cysts, dermoid cysts, cystic hygromas, hamartomas, and teratomas.
3. Evaluation of congenital neck masses involves inspection, imaging like ultrasound or CT to determine if the mass is solid or cystic in nature, and biopsy if needed to arrive at a definitive diagnosis. Surgical excision is usually the treatment for congenital neck masses.
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The document discusses various types of orbital and ocular tumors. It describes:
1. Capillary haemangioma, the most common orbital tumor in children, affecting girls more commonly.
2. Cavernous haemangioma, the most common benign orbital tumor in adults, presenting in the 4th-5th decade with progressive proptosis.
3. Pleomorphic lacrimal gland adenoma, the most common epithelial tumor of the lacrimal gland, presenting in the 2nd-5th decade with painless proptosis or swelling.
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00919248678078Epidermoid Cyst
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A presentation about an interesting case that came to the Radiology Department of Sebha Medical Center.
A 17 years old male, presented with a painful neck swelling, The swelling was first noticed 10 years ago and was small and painless then. In the last two months, the swelling increased in size and became painful and started to cause slight discomfort on swallowing.
The presentation contains 50 slides, and is divided into the following parts :
1 - The case
2 - Thyroglossal cysts
3 - Imaging Thyroglossal cysts
4 - Differential diagnoses
This presentation was prepared by me and I will present it today in sha Allah in the tutorials of the Radiology Department of Sebha Medical Center.
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Orbital imaging (X-RAY,CT SCAN,AND MRI)
Three key points about imaging the orbit:
1. CT scans provide the best view of bony details and calcifications in the orbit, and can detect small fractures and foreign bodies. Slice thickness and tissue windows must be optimized for diagnostic quality.
2. Different x-ray views (like Waters, Caldwell's, and lateral) allow visualization of specific orbital structures and are useful for identifying pathology in different areas.
3. Features seen on imaging like changes in bone density, orbital size and shape, and structures like the optic canal can indicate conditions like tumors, infections, fractures, and vascular abnormalities affecting the orbit. Precise imaging analysis is important for diagnosis.
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1. Benign tumours of the external ear include preauricular sinus or cyst, sebaceous cyst, dermoid cyst, keloid, hemangioma, papilloma, exostoses, osteoma, ceruminoma, and sebaceous adenoma.
2. Malignant tumours of the external ear include squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma.
3. Benign tumours of the middle ear include glomus tumours, also known as paragangliomas, which arise from the glomus bodies along the tympanic branch of the facial nerve.
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This document discusses various retinal and choroidal conditions that can be evaluated with head and neck imaging. It describes the imaging appearance of retinal detachments, choroidal detachments, retinoblastoma, Coats disease, persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous, ocular larva migrans, and retinopathy of prematurity. Key findings discussed include the presence or absence of calcifications, retinal detachment, subretinal fluid, globe size abnormalities, and enhancement patterns. Imaging with CT, MRI, and ultrasound can help differentiate these conditions.
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1. A 38-year-old man presented with unilateral right eye proptosis and downward displacement following frontal sinus surgery. He was diagnosed with invasive aspergillosis secondary to the surgery.
2. Clinical evaluation of proptosis involves assessing signs such as eyelid position, eye movement, visual acuity and pupillary reaction. Imaging with CT or MRI is useful to identify the cause, which can include tumors, infections, fractures or vascular lesions.
3. The most common childhood orbital tumor causing proptosis is neuroblastoma, which commonly metastasizes to the orbit. Evaluation and diagnosis involves a full history, examination of proptosis characteristics and signs, and imaging tests.
Spaces of orbit, proptosis, orbital cellulitis,dr.reema thomas,21.07.2016
Dr. Reema Thomas discusses the anatomy of the orbital spaces and various conditions that affect the orbit, including proptosis and orbital cellulitis. Proptosis is the protrusion of the eyeball and can be caused by space occupying lesions or thyroid disease. Orbital cellulitis is inflammation behind the orbital septum that commonly extends from neighboring infections and can lead to vision loss if not promptly treated with intravenous antibiotics. The document provides details on clinical presentations and treatments for various orbital conditions.
Surgical excision of congenital Dermoid cysts in the orbit
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
TUMORS OF EAR
Tumors of ear including external canal, auricle, middle canal (GLOMUS TUMOR), inner ear ( ACOUSTIC NEUROMA).
Description includes definition, etiological factors, clinical menifestations and management including medical management, surgical management and nursing management.
The Imaging of the Orbit
This document provides an overview of orbital anatomy and diseases. It describes the major anatomic components of the orbit including the globe, optic nerve, extraconal and intraconal areas. Common pathologies are discussed for each anatomic structure, such as retinoblastoma affecting the globe and optic neuritis involving the optic nerve. Imaging techniques for evaluating the orbit including MRI and CT are also reviewed. Key anatomical structures like the superior orbital fissure and its contents are defined.
Imaging in neuro ophthalmology & revisting orbital imaging.2012 (1) (1)
This document provides an overview of imaging in neuro-ophthalmology and orbital anatomy. It discusses the anatomy and imaging appearance of the visual pathway, optic nerve, extraocular muscles, vessels and nerves in the orbit. Common pathologies are described including papilledema, optic neuritis, tumors of the optic nerve, sellar region, and orbit. Imaging modalities useful for evaluation including CT, MRI, MR angiography and ultrasound are also mentioned. In summary, it serves as a comprehensive review of normal orbital anatomy and variations as well as pathologies of the visual system that can be evaluated with medical imaging.
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Text book, CNS, Neuro imaging, Adult and paediatric, Diagnosis imaging, case and answer , differential diagnosis, pathology base discussion
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This document provides an overview of proptosis (abnormal protrusion of the eyeball), including its pathophysiology, classification, evaluation, and management. Proptosis is evaluated through history, examination of the eye and surrounding areas, imaging tests like CT and MRI, and blood tests. Causes can include infections, inflammation, vascular abnormalities, tumors, or idiopathic factors. Treatment depends on the underlying etiology but may involve medications, surgery, or radiation therapy.
Neck masses
General features & management of Common neck lumps are described in this presentation. which are important for Medical students and ENT doctors.
Topics discussed in this presentation are
Cystic hygroma
Hemangioma
Branchial cyst
Thyroglossal cyst
Lipoma
Sebaceous cyst
Cervical lymphadenopathy
Tuberculosis
Carotid body tumor
Preauricular Cyst/Sinus
Lymphoma
Orbit imaging anatomy
This document provides recommendations for imaging the orbit and eye. It discusses ultrasound, CT, and MR as modalities for evaluating intraocular lesions and complex orbital structures. Ultrasound is recommended as the first-line modality due its non-invasiveness. CT provides excellent evaluation of bone structures and detection of calcifications. MR offers superior soft tissue contrast for evaluating orbital and intracranial structures. Imaging protocols for CT and MR of the orbit and eye are outlined, including recommended sequences, planes of imaging, and use of contrast. Anatomical diagrams illustrate orbital bones and structures visible on different imaging views.
10 neck masses - copy
1. Congenital neck masses are abnormal growths present from birth between the clavicles and mandible. The most common congenital neck mass is a thyroglossal cyst, which forms from a persistent thyroglossal duct during development.
2. Other congenital neck masses include branchial cysts, dermoid cysts, cystic hygromas, hamartomas, and teratomas.
3. Evaluation of congenital neck masses involves inspection, imaging like ultrasound or CT to determine if the mass is solid or cystic in nature, and biopsy if needed to arrive at a definitive diagnosis. Surgical excision is usually the treatment for congenital neck masses.
Ocular tumours
The document discusses various types of orbital and ocular tumors. It describes:
1. Capillary haemangioma, the most common orbital tumor in children, affecting girls more commonly.
2. Cavernous haemangioma, the most common benign orbital tumor in adults, presenting in the 4th-5th decade with progressive proptosis.
3. Pleomorphic lacrimal gland adenoma, the most common epithelial tumor of the lacrimal gland, presenting in the 2nd-5th decade with painless proptosis or swelling.
Head pathologies and protocols /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian...
Head pathologies and protocols /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078Epidermoid Cyst
This document describes epidermoid cysts, which are the most common orbital neoplasms in children. They result from ectodermal tissue becoming embedded in bone sutures during development. Epidermoid cysts typically appear as soft, slowly enlarging masses near the superotemporal orbital margin. While usually painless, they can cause cosmetic issues or symptoms like proptosis and diplopia if large or located internally. The document then reports a case study of a 5-year-old girl with an epidermoid cyst that was surgically excised. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of an epidermoid cyst.
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Spaces of orbit, proptosis, orbital cellulitis,dr.reema thomas,21.07.2016
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Surgical excision of congenital Dermoid cysts in the orbit
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Imaging in neuro ophthalmology & revisting orbital imaging.2012 (1) (1)
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Case of the week : Thyroglossal cyst
A presentation about an interesting case that came to the Radiology Department of Sebha Medical Center.
A 17 years old male, presented with a painful neck swelling, The swelling was first noticed 10 years ago and was small and painless then. In the last two months, the swelling increased in size and became painful and started to cause slight discomfort on swallowing.
The presentation contains 50 slides, and is divided into the following parts :
1 - The case
2 - Thyroglossal cysts
3 - Imaging Thyroglossal cysts
4 - Differential diagnoses
This presentation was prepared by me and I will present it today in sha Allah in the tutorials of the Radiology Department of Sebha Medical Center.
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Thyroglossalcyst
This case summary describes a 10-year-old child who presented with a swelling in the midline of the neck for the past 3 years. Examination revealed a 2cm round, smooth, mobile swelling that was diagnosed as a thyroglossal cyst. Differential diagnoses included dermoid cyst, infected lymph node, lipoma, and sebaceous cyst. An ultrasound and radioactive iodine scan were recommended to rule out ectopic thyroid tissue. A Sistrunk operation was planned to completely excise the cyst and thyroglossal tract by removing the body of the hyoid bone.
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1. The patient underwent chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer and placement of a port-a-cath. Imaging showed two breaks in the catheter and "pinch off" of the catheter at the insertion site, consistent with pinch-off syndrome.
2. Chest x-ray showed the left diaphragm higher than the right with increased distance from the stomach, suggestive of a subpulmonic pleural effusion.
3. CT showed a unilateral grade II germinal matrix hemorrhage.
Neck Imaging.pptx
This document discusses the use of various imaging modalities for evaluating neck masses. Ultrasound is useful for differentiating cystic from solid lesions and assessing lymph node size and vascularity. CT provides details of soft tissues and their relationships. MRI is good for lesion detection and involvement of nearby structures but has limitations for nodal assessment. PET/CT is excellent for staging lymphoma and detecting unknown primary cancers. Biopsy is used when malignancy is suspected. The approach depends on whether the mass is in a child or adult, with ultrasound often the initial study. Location provides clues for cystic lesions. Features help characterize solid lesions and lymph nodes. Further tests are guided by ultrasound findings.
Frs mix
A 54-year-old man presented with left hip pain and was found to have calcific tendonitis of the gluteus medius tendon near its insertion on the greater trochanter. MRI showed calcification and edema of the tendon. Calcific tendonitis is characterized by calcium hydroxyapatite deposition in tendons and is commonly seen in the rotator cuff or hip tendons. It causes pain exacerbated by activity and is typically self-limiting, treated with rest, ice, anti-inflammatories, or corticosteroid injections.
A 55-year-old male presented with headache and was found to have an intradiploic epidermoid cyst in
Silent sinus syndrome-In the eye of a Radiologist
Silent sinus syndrome is a rare condition where chronic maxillary sinus occlusion leads to negative pressure and inward bowing of the sinus walls. This causes enophthalmos, hypoglobus, and facial asymmetry. A 32-year old woman presented with right eyelid ptosis and CT showed thinning of the right orbital floor and maxillary sinus hypoplasia. The document discusses the clinical presentation, pathogenesis, radiographic features including CT and MRI findings, treatment involving drainage of the sinus, and differential diagnosis.
Lytic leisons of the skull
Lytic lesions of the skull can have many potential etiologies ranging from normal variants to neoplastic lesions. Imaging plays an important role in the evaluation and diagnosis of lytic skull lesions. CT and MRI are often used to characterize the lesions and assess bone and soft tissue involvement. The differential diagnosis depends on factors like the patient's age, lesion characteristics such as appearance, location and whether it is solitary or multiple. Common etiologies include metastases, multiple myeloma, epidermoid cysts, hemangioma and fibrous dysplasia among others. A thorough clinical history and imaging findings are needed to establish the correct diagnosis.
Nasopalatine duct cyst
1) The nasopalatine duct cyst originates from epithelial remnants of the nasopalatine duct and most commonly presents as a well-defined radiolucency in the midline of the anterior maxilla near the incisive foramen.
2) A 35-year-old male presented with a painless swelling over the palate that was diagnosed as a nasopalatine duct cyst based on radiographic and histological features.
3) The cyst was treated by surgical enucleation and recurrence is uncommon.
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst
An aneurysmal bone cyst is a benign bone tumor characterized by blood-filled cavities separated by bone or fibrous tissue. It most commonly affects long bones in people under 30 years old. This case report describes a rare aneurysmal bone cyst located in the cervical spine of a 13-year-old girl who presented with neck pain. Imaging showed an osteolytic lesion of the C2 spinous process. The cyst was surgically excised and pathology confirmed the diagnosis. Following halo cast immobilization, the girl recovered with no recurrence at her 2-year follow-up.
Nasopharyngeal angiofribroma
Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is a benign, vascular tumor that occurs almost exclusively in adolescent males. It arises from the nasopharynx near the sphenopalatine foramen. Clinical features include recurrent epistaxis, nasal obstruction, and conductive hearing loss. While benign, it can be locally invasive and extend into nearby structures like the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, orbits, and middle cranial fossa. Treatment involves surgical resection through various approaches like transpalatine or endoscopic. Radiotherapy, hormonal therapy, and chemotherapy may also be used for advanced or recurrent tumors.
Radiographic interpretation
1) The document outlines a systematic process for interpreting radiographic images, beginning with localizing and describing the abnormality. Key steps include assessing the periphery, shape, internal structure, and effects on surrounding tissues.
2) Important characteristics to note include well-defined versus ill-defined borders, size, location in the jaw, and whether the abnormality is single or multifocal.
3) The final step is to formulate an interpretation by determining if the structure is normal or abnormal, and if abnormal, categorizing it as developmental, acquired, cyst, benign tumor, etc. Further imaging or biopsy may be needed.
Nasolabial cyst
- A 17-year-old male presented with an 11-month history of a recurrent non-painful swelling in his left nasolabial region that had been progressively increasing in size.
- On examination, a 7x6 cm soft, fluctuant, and mobile mass was observed occupying the region between the left upper alveolar ridge and zygomatic arch, causing facial asymmetry and deformation.
- Nasolabial cyst was diagnosed based on the clinical presentation and location of the mass. The treatment plan was to admit the patient and perform an enucleation of the cyst via a transoral sublabial surgical approach under local anesthesia.
farrukh-aneurysmalbonecyst-190530010628.pptx
An aneurysmal bone cyst is a benign bone tumor characterized by blood-filled cavities separated by bone and fibrous tissue. It most commonly affects children and young adults near the metaphysis of long bones. The cause is unknown but believed to involve a vascular malformation that results in bone erosion and expansion. Diagnosis is made based on imaging showing an expansile lytic lesion with septations and sometimes fluid-fluid levels, and confirmed with histology. Treatment involves curettage, bone grafting, and sometimes embolization or radiation for difficult cases. Recurrence rates after treatment are around 20-30%.
RADIO LOGICAL ANATOMY OF HEAD AND NECK CANCERS
Imaging plays an important role in head and neck cancer by aiding in diagnosis, staging, treatment planning, response evaluation, and detecting recurrence. Common imaging modalities used include panoramic x-ray, x-ray of the paranasal sinuses, ultrasound of the neck, CT, MRI, and PET-CT. Each modality has advantages and limitations for evaluating the oral cavity, neck lymph nodes, and distant metastases. CT is often the initial study due to its wide availability and ability to detect bone invasion and lymph node metastases. MRI provides better soft tissue contrast for evaluating nerve and muscle involvement. PET-CT can detect occult primary tumors and distant metastases.
Tuberculosis of spine
The document discusses spinal tuberculosis, noting that it causes delays in diagnosis, long recovery periods, and high costs. Key points include:
- Paralysis occurs in up to 50% of spinal tuberculosis patients.
- Early diagnosis, expedient treatment, aggressive surgery, and preventing deformity lead to the best outcomes.
- Diagnosis relies on tests like tuberculin skin tests, imaging like MRI to identify bone destruction and abscesses, and microscopy and culture of samples.
- Patterns of bone involvement include paradiscal, central, anterior, and appendiceal lesions.
- Complications include paralysis, cold abscesses, deformities, and secondary infections.
Skull base tumors & perineural spread radiology ppt
Skull base tumors & perineural spread radiology ppt This powerpoint presentation includes important anatomy and important pathology of skull base lesion with its imaging feature as well as its ct mri image. This will help alot. this will help for radiology resident as well as ent .
Orbital tumours
The document discusses various types of orbital tumours and pathologies. It describes three main intraorbital spaces - intraconal, conal and extraconal - and examples of pathologies that can occur in each space. It provides details on orbital lymphoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, orbital metastasis and dermoid cysts. For each condition, it outlines clinical features, location in the orbit, radiological features on CT and MRI such as signal characteristics, enhancement patterns and appearance. Common primary cancers that metastasize to the orbit are also listed.
Inraventricular mases
This document discusses various types of intraventricular lesions that can be seen on different imaging modalities like CT and MRI. It describes the typical appearance and characteristics of common intraventricular masses like choroid plexus papilloma, astrocytoma, subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, ependymoma, meningioma, metastases and others. It also discusses vascular malformations, cysts and other rare lesions that can involve the lateral, third or fourth ventricles. Imaging findings for each type of lesion are provided along with examples of relevant images.
Tumors of the eye
Ocular tumors can arise in the eyelids, eye, and orbit. Early diagnosis is important to preserve vision and life. There are several types of benign and malignant tumors, including tumors of the orbit, eyelids, conjunctiva, uveal tract, and retina. Common orbital tumors are dermoid cysts, rhabdomyosarcoma, and orbital metastases. Eyelid tumors include basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and sebaceous carcinoma. Conjunctival tumors include naevi, papilloma, primary acquired melanosis, and melanoma. Intraocular tumors involve the iris, ciliary body, and choroid, such as melanomas.
Frontal osteoma - HARSH AMIN
This document discusses osteomas, which are benign bone tumors that commonly arise in the skull. It provides details on the typical presentation, locations, demographic factors, investigations and surgical approaches for osteomas. It then presents a case of a 10-year-old girl who presented with slow-growing swellings in her right eyebrow and hairline that were found to be osteomas on CT scan. She underwent a bicoronal surgical approach to completely excise the osteomas due to their size and location, with an excellent postoperative outcome and no recurrence.
Imaging in Pediatric Retroperitoneal Masses
The document discusses various pediatric retroperitoneal masses. It begins by noting that abdominal masses are most common in children under 5 years old and retroperitoneal masses in neonates are often kidney-related and benign. It then characterizes the retroperitoneal space and lists common retroperitoneal organs. Several pathologies are discussed in detail, including neuroblastoma, Wilms tumor, nephroblastomatosis, and renal cell carcinoma. Imaging findings for many conditions are provided. The document serves as an overview of pediatric retroperitoneal masses and their imaging appearances.
DD Lapsus.pptx
This document discusses several conditions that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of subacute osteomyelitis based on location and appearance of the lesion on imaging. These include Ewing sarcoma, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and osteogenic sarcoma for diaphyseal lesions with onion skin periosteal reaction. Epiphyseal lesions may be confused with chondroblastoma, fungal osteomyelitis, tuberculous osteomyelitis, or aneurysmal bone cyst depending on patient age. Metaphyseal eccentric lesions could be mistaken for nonossifying fibroma. Brodie abscesses, osteoid osteoma, and intracortical hemangioma should also
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Frs hfn
- 1. Film Reading Session “Head and Neck” -Dr. Bhanupriya Singh JR-1.
- 2. *25-years old man came with a swelling in the left submandibular region, of one month's duration, with mild pain Ultrasound of the neck Post-contrast axial CT of the neck cystic lesion in the submandibular region
- 3. cystic lesion, which is predominantly in the submandibular space, but shows a "tail" in the sublingual space and also extends into the parapharyngeal space • Post-contrast coronal CT of the neck • T2W axial image of the neck
- 4. T2W axial image of the neck
- 5. •Diving / Plunging /cervical ranula •ranula is a mucous retention cyst arising due to an obstructed sublingual salivary gland •remains confined to the sublingual space, it is termed a simple ranula •If it dissects into the submandibular space, or into the parapharyngeal space, it is labelled a diving ranula. •ranula unless infected presents as a cystic lesion in the sublingual space, without enhancement, nodules or septae •
- 6. *4-year old girl presented with odynophagia and fever with stiffness of the neck.
- 7. soft tissue was mistaken for a neoplasm and an MRI was obtained. T1W sagittal MRI examination T2W axial MRI
- 8. soft tissue was mistaken for a neoplasm and an MRI was obtained. T1W sagittal MRI examination • enlarged tonsils with mildly enlarged adenoids T2W axial MRI • enlarged "kissing" tonsils
- 9. Enlarged Tonsils •Enlarged tonsils are common in childhood and usually do not need any imaging study. •In this patient, the plain radiographs were obtained to rule out a cervical spine pathology. •soft tissue was mistaken for a neoplasm and an MRI was obtained. •Enlarged tonsils have a typical appearance on plain radiographs-mainly based on the location. •avoid mistaking them for other lesions. •MRI is not indicated in these cases, but if done for another lesion or as in this case mistakenly, will show a characteristic appearance
- 10. *50-years old man presented with blurring of vision. T2W axial MRI shows a hypointense posterior mass (white arrow) PDW axial MRI shows retinal detachment (arrow) Hyperintense
- 11. USG and color Doppler show a vascular mass arising from the choroid with retinal detachment.
- 12. Choroidal Melanoma focal lesion is seen involving the choroid Evidence of retinal detachment and effusion is seen color Doppler image shows marked increased vascularity. Amelanotic melanomas however cannot be differentiated from other uveal lesions such as metastases and hemangiomas. USG shows on B-mode, an acoustically silent zone within the melanoma with choroidal excavation and acoustic shadowing of the orbit. The A-mode shows medium to low internal reflectivity. For tumors greater than 3 mm thick, combined A and B mode ultrasound is more than 95% accurate in diagnosing melanoma.
- 13. *23-years old man presented with pain and swelling in the right cheek
- 14. • OPG: ill-defined permeative lesion with periosteal reaction involving the body and ramus of the right half of the mandible • CT: osteolytic lesions involving the right half of the mandible with sclerosis and a cloaking periosteal reaction
- 15. Panoramic dental CT reconstruction showing the lesion wall 3D-CT reconstruction with the periosteal reaction
- 17. Tuberculosis of the mandible •uncommon manifestation of the disease • spread from the oral cavity and the ramus of the mandible is the most commonly involved part •lesion is osteolytic with areas of sclerosis •Cortical breaks are common with spread of abnormal inflammatory tissue into the adjacent soft tissues
- 18. *12 years old boy presented with a gradually increasing mass in the left cheek
- 19. • Lat Oblique:Lesion outside buccal cortex of ramus • CT:calcified cartilage cap, arising from the ramus of the mandible
- 20. 3D CT:spatial relationship of the lesion with respect to the ramus
- 21. •Osteochondroma • is a cartilage-covered osseous tumor that arises from a surface of a bone. •young males, usually before 20 years of age •solitary or multiple (? syndrome called hereditary multiple exostoses) •classically from long tubular bones, mainly the femur (30%), humerus (20%) and tibia (17%) •Jaw osteochondromas are extremely uncommon!!!