Nasopalatine duct cyst
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1) The nasopalatine duct cyst originates from epithelial remnants of the nasopalatine duct and most commonly presents as a well-defined radiolucency in the midline of the anterior maxilla near the incisive foramen. 2) A 35-year-old male presented with a painless swelling over the palate that was diagnosed as a nasopalatine duct cyst based on radiographic and histological features. 3) The cyst was treated by surgical enucleation and recurrence is uncommon.
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Non odontogenic cysts or fissural cysts
This document discusses and compares different types of non-odontogenic (not related to teeth) cysts. It separates them into developmental and inflammatory cysts. Developmental cysts form due to epithelial cell remnants becoming trapped during embryonic development, while inflammatory cysts form due to duct obstruction or trauma. Some examples of developmental cysts mentioned are nasopalatine duct cysts, median palatal cysts, and dermoid cysts. Inflammatory cysts include mucoceles, ranulas caused by salivary gland duct obstruction, and retention cysts of the maxillary sinus. The document provides details on pathogenesis, clinical features, histopathology, diagnosis and treatment of several of these cyst types.
Odontoma (Doctor Faris Alabeedi MSc, MMedSc, PgDip, BDS.)
This document discusses odontomas, which are benign odontogenic tumors composed of dental tissue like enamel, dentin, and pulp. There are two main types: compound odontomas, which appear like small tooth structures, and complex odontomas, which have a disorganized appearance. Odontomas are usually asymptomatic and discovered incidentally on x-rays during dental exams. On x-rays, they appear as radiopaque masses surrounded by a radiolucent rim. Treatment involves simple surgical removal, with an excellent prognosis and no recurrence.
Radicular cyst or Periapical cyst
The document summarizes information about periapical cysts, also known as radicular cysts or apical cysts. It defines a periapical cyst as an odontogenic cyst derived from cell rests of Malassez that proliferate in response to inflammation from pulpal necrosis. Periapical cysts typically present as round radiolucencies associated with the apex of a non-vital tooth. Histologically, they contain a lumen lined by stratified squamous epithelium and surrounded by a fibrous connective tissue wall. Treatment involves extraction of the involved tooth along with cyst enucleation or marsupialization.
Fissural cysts of oral cavity
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History
Definition
Epidemiology
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Classification
Histopathology
Differential diagnosis
Diagnostic Criteria
Investigations
Management
Malignant Potential
Prognosis
Conclusion
References
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Radicular cyst or Periapical cyst
The document summarizes information about periapical cysts, also known as radicular cysts or apical cysts. It defines a periapical cyst as an odontogenic cyst derived from cell rests of Malassez that proliferate in response to inflammation from pulpal necrosis. Periapical cysts typically present as round radiolucencies associated with the apex of a non-vital tooth. Histologically, they contain a lumen lined by stratified squamous epithelium and surrounded by a fibrous connective tissue wall. Treatment involves extraction of the involved tooth along with cyst enucleation or marsupialization.
Fissural cysts of oral cavity
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This document discusses two types of non-epithelial tumours of the oral cavity: peripheral giant cell granuloma and central giant cell granuloma. Peripheral giant cell granuloma originates from the periodontal membrane or alveolar bone and presents as a soft tissue nodule composed of multinucleated giant cells. Central giant cell granuloma is a rare, benign, intraosseous lesion most commonly found in the mandible of young people that causes expansion of the bone and resorption of tooth roots. Both lesions contain proliferation of multinucleated giant cells and other cells and may require surgical excision, with central giant cell granuloma having a higher rate of recurrence.
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This document discusses oroantral communications and fistulas. It defines them as abnormal connections between the oral and maxillary sinus cavities. Causes include tooth extraction, tumors, cysts, and trauma. Signs and symptoms may include unpleasant taste/odor, fluid/food reflux into the nose, and air leakage. Examination involves inspection, suctioning the socket, and radiographs. Management includes immediate closure attempts and antibiotics to prevent sinusitis. Surgical techniques like buccal and palatal flaps are used for larger defects or fistulas based on factors like location, size, and presence of infection.
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Introduction
History
Definition
Epidemiology
Nomenclature
Etiopathogenesis
Clinical features
Classification
Histopathology
Differential diagnosis
Diagnostic Criteria
Investigations
Management
Malignant Potential
Prognosis
Conclusion
References
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cysts of the oral and maxillofacial region
The document discusses different types of cysts that can occur in the oral and maxillofacial region. It defines cysts and classifies them based on their origin and location. It provides details on the pathogenesis, clinical features, radiographic appearance and histology of specific cysts such as dentigerous cysts and odontogenic keratocysts. Dentigerous cysts are defined as cysts originating from the separation of the dental follicle from around the crown of an unerupted tooth. Odontogenic keratocysts are distinctive cysts that arise from cell rests of the dental lamina and have more aggressive behavior than other cysts. Complications of cysts include recurrence, development of
Odontogeniccysts OKC
This document discusses odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs), a type of jaw cyst. It covers the classification, causes, histopathology, clinical features, radiographic features, differential diagnosis, treatment principles, and surgical treatment options for OKCs. OKCs most commonly occur in the mandibular molar and ramus areas and are often radiolucent and multilocular in appearance on radiographs. Treatment options include wide surgical excision or marsupialization to prevent recurrence of these cysts which have a high rate of recurrence compared to other jaw cysts.
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This document discusses various types of odontogenic cysts. It begins with introducing cysts in general and then classifies odontogenic cysts based on etiology and tissue of origin. Several specific types of odontogenic cysts are then described in more detail, including their clinical features, radiographic features, and differential diagnosis. These include dentigerous cysts, eruption cysts, odontogenic keratocysts, gingival cysts of newborn and adult, lateral periodontal cysts, calcifying odontogenic cysts, periapical cysts, residual cysts, and paradental cysts.
Ameloblastoma
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2) It typically presents as a painless swelling in the mandible and is classified based on histological and clinical features into subtypes including follicular, plexiform, unicystic, and peripheral ameloblastoma.
3) Treatment involves surgical resection such as segmental resection for large tumors due to the high recurrence risk with more conservative treatments like curettage or enucleation.
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This document provides definitions and information about premalignant lesions and conditions of the oral cavity. It discusses leukoplakia, erythroplakia, lichen planus, oral submucous fibrosis, candidiasis, and smoker's palate. For each condition, it describes the etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment options. The document aims to educate about potentially pre-cancerous lesions in the mouth.
Ameloblastoma (Odontogenic Tumor) Oral Pathology
This document discusses various types of tumors and tumor-like swellings of the jaws, with a focus on ameloblastoma. It defines key terms like tumor, neoplasm, cyst, and classifies odontogenic tumors. It then describes ameloblastoma in detail - the most common odontogenic tumor. It discusses the clinical, radiographic, and histopathological features of various subtypes of ameloblastoma including follicular, plexiform, basal, granular, and desmoplastic. Treatment typically involves wide excision. Unicystic and peripheral variants are also outlined. Rare malignant variants that can metastasize are mentioned.
Mpds (Myofacial pain dysfunction syndrome)
MPDS, or myofascial pain disorder syndrome, is a pain disorder characterized by unilateral pain referred from trigger points in muscles of the head and neck. These trigger points are localized tender areas within taut muscle bands caused by micro- or macro-trauma to the musculoskeletal system. Accumulation of chemicals like lactic acid and prostaglandins in the muscles lowers the pain threshold, leading to MPDS symptoms like pain, limited jaw motion, and joint noises. Diagnosis involves assessing range of motion, palpating muscles for tenderness, and grading joint clicks. Treatment aims to inactivate trigger points, prevent recurrence, and correct perpetuating factors through therapies like physical modalities, anesthesia, pharmacotherapy, and occasionally
Osteoradionecrosis
Osteoradionecrosis is an inflammatory bone condition that occurs after exposure to therapeutic radiation doses, usually for head and neck cancers. It is characterized by exposed bone for at least 3 months after radiation therapy. The mandible is most commonly affected due to its anatomy and low vascularity. Management includes conservative approaches like antibiotics and debridement to maintain bone integrity and prevent infection, as well as hyperbaric oxygen therapy to reduce hypoxia and improve healing. Prevention involves dental work before radiation and careful oral hygiene during and after treatment.
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This document provides an overview of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), including its definition, epidemiology, classification, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, and histopathology. OSF is a chronic disease characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the submucosal tissues caused by chewing areca nut. It predominantly affects people from South Asia and is associated with significantly increased risk of oral cancer. The areca nut alkaloid arecoline is the main causative agent, inducing fibrosis through oxidative damage, upregulation of growth factors and cytokines, and inhibition of collagen degradation. Clinically, OSF presents with burning sensation and scarring that results in restricted mouth opening and tongue movement.
Cysts of the Oral Cavity
CYST
-Odontogenic
(a) Periodontal/Radicular Cyst
(b) Dentigerous Cyst
(c) Lateral Periodontal Cyst
(d) Odontogenic Keratocyst
(e) Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst
-Non-Odontogenic
(a) Globulomaxillary Cyst
(b) Nasolabial Cyst
(c) Nasopalatine Cyst
ENUCLEATION
MARSUPIALIZATION
Odontogenic Keratocyst (OKC)
Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is the cyst arising from the cell rests of dental lamina. It can occur anywhere in the jaw, but commonly seen in the posterior part of the mandible. Radiographically, most OKCs are unilocular when presented at the periapex and can be mistaken for radicular or lateral periodontal cyst.
Odontogenic cysts
A cyst is an epithelium-lined sac containing fluid or semisolid material. In the formation of a cyst, the epithelial cells first proliferate and later undergo degeneration and liquefaction. The liquefied material exerts equal pressure on the walls of the cyst from within. Cysts grow by expansion and thus displace the adjacent teeth by pressure. May can produce expansion of the cortical bone. On a radiograph, the radiolucency of a cyst is usually bordered by a radiopaque periphery of dense sclerotic bone. The radiolucency may be unilocular or multilocular. Odontogenic cysts are those which arise from the epithelium associated with the development of teeth. The source of epithelium is from the enamel organ, the reduced enamel epithelium, the cell rests of Malassez or the remnants of the dental lamina.
Odontogenic Myxoma
ODONTOGENIC MYXOMA :
Benign mesenchymal lesion that mimics microscopically the dental pulp or follicular connective tissue
Derived from odontogenic ectomesenchymeClinical feature:
Age : 10- 50 yrs with mean age of 30 yrs
No gender predilection
Both mandible and maxilla are equally effectedClinical feature:
Age : 10- 50 yrs with mean age of 30 yrs
No gender predilection
Both mandible and maxilla are equally effectedClinical feature:
Age : 10- 50 yrs with mean age of 30 yrs
No gender predilection
Both mandible and maxilla are equally effected
Radiographic feature :
Radiolucent and it appear as a well circumscribed or diffuse lesion
Often multilocular with honey comb pattern
Cortical plate expansion, root displacement or resorption may be seen Histopathology :
Tumor consist of acellular myxomatous connective tissue.
Benign fibroblast and myofibroblast with some amount of collagen are found in matrix
Bony island representing residual tubeculae
Capillaries are scattered through out the lesion
Pyogenic Granuloma
Pyogenic granuloma is a non-neoplastic, inflammatory hyperplasia that presents as a tumor-like, nodular growth in the oral cavity, most commonly on the gingiva. It appears as a red-to-purple, smooth or lobulated mass that can range in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters. While the lesions often bleed easily and are extremely vascular early on, they become more collagenous and pink as they mature. Potential causes include chronic oral irritation from factors like overhanging restorations or hormonal changes. Radiographs appear normal unless calcifications are present, in which case it may be a peripheral ossifying fibroma. Histologically, it shows a lobulated
Dentigerous cyst
This document discusses dentigerous cysts. It defines a dentigerous cyst as a cyst that forms around the crown of an unerupted tooth due to fluid accumulation between the reduced enamel epithelium and enamel surface. Dentigerous cysts most commonly occur in males in the first three decades of life in the mandibular third molar and maxillary canine regions. Clinical features include swelling and expansion of bone that may cause facial asymmetry. Treatment options include enucleation, marsupialization, or a combination of the two to remove the cyst lining while preserving adjacent structures.
Nasolabial cyst
- A 17-year-old male presented with an 11-month history of a recurrent non-painful swelling in his left nasolabial region that had been progressively increasing in size.
- On examination, a 7x6 cm soft, fluctuant, and mobile mass was observed occupying the region between the left upper alveolar ridge and zygomatic arch, causing facial asymmetry and deformation.
- Nasolabial cyst was diagnosed based on the clinical presentation and location of the mass. The treatment plan was to admit the patient and perform an enucleation of the cyst via a transoral sublabial surgical approach under local anesthesia.
Choanal atresia
This document summarizes information about choanal atresia, which is a birth defect involving an absence of the opening between the nose and throat. It discusses the causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis using tools like CT scans and endoscopy, and surgical treatment options like puncturing the atretic plate or removing it endoscopically. Stents are often used after surgery but their effectiveness in preventing restenosis is unclear.
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Fibro osseous lesions of jaw
This document discusses fibro-osseous lesions, which replace normal bone with fibrous tissue containing newly formed mineralized structures. It describes several types of fibro-osseous lesions including fibrous dysplasia, cemento-osseous dysplasias like periapical cemental dysplasia, and fibro-osseous neoplasms like ossifying fibroma. For each type, it covers definitions, clinical features, radiographic appearances, differential diagnosis, and treatment approaches.
cysts of the oral and maxillofacial region
The document discusses different types of cysts that can occur in the oral and maxillofacial region. It defines cysts and classifies them based on their origin and location. It provides details on the pathogenesis, clinical features, radiographic appearance and histology of specific cysts such as dentigerous cysts and odontogenic keratocysts. Dentigerous cysts are defined as cysts originating from the separation of the dental follicle from around the crown of an unerupted tooth. Odontogenic keratocysts are distinctive cysts that arise from cell rests of the dental lamina and have more aggressive behavior than other cysts. Complications of cysts include recurrence, development of
Odontogeniccysts OKC
This document discusses odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs), a type of jaw cyst. It covers the classification, causes, histopathology, clinical features, radiographic features, differential diagnosis, treatment principles, and surgical treatment options for OKCs. OKCs most commonly occur in the mandibular molar and ramus areas and are often radiolucent and multilocular in appearance on radiographs. Treatment options include wide surgical excision or marsupialization to prevent recurrence of these cysts which have a high rate of recurrence compared to other jaw cysts.
Ameloblastoma
Benign, locally aggressive tumor of odontogenic epithelium, Previously called adamantinoma, Second most common odontogenic tumor after odontoma, Mandible is most common site, Usually asymptomatic and can be found incidentally on routine dental examinations
ODONTOGENIC CYSTS
This document discusses various types of odontogenic cysts. It begins with introducing cysts in general and then classifies odontogenic cysts based on etiology and tissue of origin. Several specific types of odontogenic cysts are then described in more detail, including their clinical features, radiographic features, and differential diagnosis. These include dentigerous cysts, eruption cysts, odontogenic keratocysts, gingival cysts of newborn and adult, lateral periodontal cysts, calcifying odontogenic cysts, periapical cysts, residual cysts, and paradental cysts.
Ameloblastoma
1) Ameloblastoma is a benign, locally invasive odontogenic tumor of enamel organ-type tissue that is the second most common odontogenic tumor.
2) It typically presents as a painless swelling in the mandible and is classified based on histological and clinical features into subtypes including follicular, plexiform, unicystic, and peripheral ameloblastoma.
3) Treatment involves surgical resection such as segmental resection for large tumors due to the high recurrence risk with more conservative treatments like curettage or enucleation.
Burning mouth syndrome
Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is characterized by a burning sensation in the mouth without any clinically detectable cause. Women are affected more than men, especially post-menopausal women. The cause is unknown but may involve hormonal, salivary, psychiatric or neurological factors. Symptoms include burning of the tongue, lips or palate. Treatment focuses on reassurance and may include low dose tricyclic antidepressants, alpha-lipoic acid or capsaicin to reduce pain.
Mucocele and Renula
Mucocele and ranula are lesions caused by the extravasation of mucus from salivary glands into surrounding tissues. Mucoceles are commonly caused by trauma that severs or obstructs salivary ducts, allowing mucus to pool in surrounding tissues. Ranulas specifically occur on the floor of the mouth associated with sublingual or submandibular gland ducts. Histologically, they consist of mucus-filled cavities surrounded by granulation tissue and inflammatory cells. Treatment involves complete surgical excision to prevent recurrence.
Premalignant lesions and conditions
This document provides definitions and information about premalignant lesions and conditions of the oral cavity. It discusses leukoplakia, erythroplakia, lichen planus, oral submucous fibrosis, candidiasis, and smoker's palate. For each condition, it describes the etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment options. The document aims to educate about potentially pre-cancerous lesions in the mouth.
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This document discusses various types of tumors and tumor-like swellings of the jaws, with a focus on ameloblastoma. It defines key terms like tumor, neoplasm, cyst, and classifies odontogenic tumors. It then describes ameloblastoma in detail - the most common odontogenic tumor. It discusses the clinical, radiographic, and histopathological features of various subtypes of ameloblastoma including follicular, plexiform, basal, granular, and desmoplastic. Treatment typically involves wide excision. Unicystic and peripheral variants are also outlined. Rare malignant variants that can metastasize are mentioned.
Mpds (Myofacial pain dysfunction syndrome)
MPDS, or myofascial pain disorder syndrome, is a pain disorder characterized by unilateral pain referred from trigger points in muscles of the head and neck. These trigger points are localized tender areas within taut muscle bands caused by micro- or macro-trauma to the musculoskeletal system. Accumulation of chemicals like lactic acid and prostaglandins in the muscles lowers the pain threshold, leading to MPDS symptoms like pain, limited jaw motion, and joint noises. Diagnosis involves assessing range of motion, palpating muscles for tenderness, and grading joint clicks. Treatment aims to inactivate trigger points, prevent recurrence, and correct perpetuating factors through therapies like physical modalities, anesthesia, pharmacotherapy, and occasionally
Osteoradionecrosis
Osteoradionecrosis is an inflammatory bone condition that occurs after exposure to therapeutic radiation doses, usually for head and neck cancers. It is characterized by exposed bone for at least 3 months after radiation therapy. The mandible is most commonly affected due to its anatomy and low vascularity. Management includes conservative approaches like antibiotics and debridement to maintain bone integrity and prevent infection, as well as hyperbaric oxygen therapy to reduce hypoxia and improve healing. Prevention involves dental work before radiation and careful oral hygiene during and after treatment.
ORAL SUBMUCOUS FIBROSIS- PPT
This document provides an overview of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), including its definition, epidemiology, classification, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, and histopathology. OSF is a chronic disease characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the submucosal tissues caused by chewing areca nut. It predominantly affects people from South Asia and is associated with significantly increased risk of oral cancer. The areca nut alkaloid arecoline is the main causative agent, inducing fibrosis through oxidative damage, upregulation of growth factors and cytokines, and inhibition of collagen degradation. Clinically, OSF presents with burning sensation and scarring that results in restricted mouth opening and tongue movement.
Cysts of the Oral Cavity
CYST
-Odontogenic
(a) Periodontal/Radicular Cyst
(b) Dentigerous Cyst
(c) Lateral Periodontal Cyst
(d) Odontogenic Keratocyst
(e) Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst
-Non-Odontogenic
(a) Globulomaxillary Cyst
(b) Nasolabial Cyst
(c) Nasopalatine Cyst
ENUCLEATION
MARSUPIALIZATION
Odontogenic Keratocyst (OKC)
Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is the cyst arising from the cell rests of dental lamina. It can occur anywhere in the jaw, but commonly seen in the posterior part of the mandible. Radiographically, most OKCs are unilocular when presented at the periapex and can be mistaken for radicular or lateral periodontal cyst.
Odontogenic cysts
A cyst is an epithelium-lined sac containing fluid or semisolid material. In the formation of a cyst, the epithelial cells first proliferate and later undergo degeneration and liquefaction. The liquefied material exerts equal pressure on the walls of the cyst from within. Cysts grow by expansion and thus displace the adjacent teeth by pressure. May can produce expansion of the cortical bone. On a radiograph, the radiolucency of a cyst is usually bordered by a radiopaque periphery of dense sclerotic bone. The radiolucency may be unilocular or multilocular. Odontogenic cysts are those which arise from the epithelium associated with the development of teeth. The source of epithelium is from the enamel organ, the reduced enamel epithelium, the cell rests of Malassez or the remnants of the dental lamina.
Odontogenic Myxoma
ODONTOGENIC MYXOMA :
Benign mesenchymal lesion that mimics microscopically the dental pulp or follicular connective tissue
Derived from odontogenic ectomesenchymeClinical feature:
Age : 10- 50 yrs with mean age of 30 yrs
No gender predilection
Both mandible and maxilla are equally effectedClinical feature:
Age : 10- 50 yrs with mean age of 30 yrs
No gender predilection
Both mandible and maxilla are equally effectedClinical feature:
Age : 10- 50 yrs with mean age of 30 yrs
No gender predilection
Both mandible and maxilla are equally effected
Radiographic feature :
Radiolucent and it appear as a well circumscribed or diffuse lesion
Often multilocular with honey comb pattern
Cortical plate expansion, root displacement or resorption may be seen Histopathology :
Tumor consist of acellular myxomatous connective tissue.
Benign fibroblast and myofibroblast with some amount of collagen are found in matrix
Bony island representing residual tubeculae
Capillaries are scattered through out the lesion
Pyogenic Granuloma
Pyogenic granuloma is a non-neoplastic, inflammatory hyperplasia that presents as a tumor-like, nodular growth in the oral cavity, most commonly on the gingiva. It appears as a red-to-purple, smooth or lobulated mass that can range in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters. While the lesions often bleed easily and are extremely vascular early on, they become more collagenous and pink as they mature. Potential causes include chronic oral irritation from factors like overhanging restorations or hormonal changes. Radiographs appear normal unless calcifications are present, in which case it may be a peripheral ossifying fibroma. Histologically, it shows a lobulated
Dentigerous cyst
This document discusses dentigerous cysts. It defines a dentigerous cyst as a cyst that forms around the crown of an unerupted tooth due to fluid accumulation between the reduced enamel epithelium and enamel surface. Dentigerous cysts most commonly occur in males in the first three decades of life in the mandibular third molar and maxillary canine regions. Clinical features include swelling and expansion of bone that may cause facial asymmetry. Treatment options include enucleation, marsupialization, or a combination of the two to remove the cyst lining while preserving adjacent structures.
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- A 17-year-old male presented with an 11-month history of a recurrent non-painful swelling in his left nasolabial region that had been progressively increasing in size.
- On examination, a 7x6 cm soft, fluctuant, and mobile mass was observed occupying the region between the left upper alveolar ridge and zygomatic arch, causing facial asymmetry and deformation.
- Nasolabial cyst was diagnosed based on the clinical presentation and location of the mass. The treatment plan was to admit the patient and perform an enucleation of the cyst via a transoral sublabial surgical approach under local anesthesia.
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This document summarizes information about choanal atresia, which is a birth defect involving an absence of the opening between the nose and throat. It discusses the causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis using tools like CT scans and endoscopy, and surgical treatment options like puncturing the atretic plate or removing it endoscopically. Stents are often used after surgery but their effectiveness in preventing restenosis is unclear.
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This document discusses several benign neck diseases including branchial cleft cysts, branchial sinuses and fistulas, thyroglossal cysts, cystic hygromas (lymphangiomas), hemangiomas, and sebaceous cysts. It describes the anatomy of the neck and classification of neck diseases. For each condition, it covers pathogenesis, clinical features, investigations including imaging, and treatment options which generally involve medical management for infections and surgical excision for definitive treatment.
Maxillary sinus part 2
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1. Benign neck diseases are commonly seen in both children and adults. Common etiologies include congenital lesions like lymphangiomas, dermoid cysts, and thyroglossal duct cysts as well as acquired lesions like branchial cysts.
2. Lymphangiomas are benign vascular lesions composed of dilated lymphatic channels or cysts. They can be simple, cavernous, or cystic hygromas. OK-432 is an effective sclerosing agent for treatment.
3. Dermoid cysts contain skin elements and arise from ectodermal differentiation along fusion lines. Complete surgical excision is the treatment of choice.
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- It is a benign, slow-growing tumor that initially causes hearing loss and tinnitus. As it expands, it can compress cranial nerves and cause symptoms like facial numbness.
- Diagnosis involves hearing tests showing asymmetric hearing loss and imaging like MRI showing a globular mass.
- Treatment depends on tumor size and hearing status. Surgery options include translabyrinthine, middle fossa, and retrosigmoid approaches.
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Vestibular schwannoma
This document provides information on vestibular schwannoma (VS), a tumor that originates from Schwann cells in the vestibular nerve. It discusses the anatomy of the cerebellopontine angle and internal acoustic meatus where VS typically develops. The epidemiology, classification, pathology, natural history, clinical features, diagnosis and management of VS are described. Two common surgical approaches for removing VS are discussed in detail: the translabyrinthine approach and retrosigmoid approach. Both aim to fully resect the tumor while preserving facial nerve function.
JNA.pptx
This document provides information on juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA), a benign but locally invasive vascular tumor that most commonly occurs in adolescent boys. It discusses the presentation, diagnostic approach, pathology, theories of pathogenesis, surgical techniques for resection including endoscopic and open approaches, preoperative embolization, and hormonal therapies for JNA. Imaging studies such as CT and MRI are useful for diagnosis by identifying the vascular tumor's site of origin and patterns of growth. Complete surgical resection is the main treatment, with the approach depending on tumor size, location and prior embolization.
Fistula in ANO
1) The rectum is approximately 12 cm in length and extends from the rectosigmoid junction to the anal canal. It has multiple flexures and relations to surrounding structures.
2) Anal fistulas are abnormal communications between the anorectal canal and perianal skin. They are usually due to an infection and classified based on their relationship to the sphincter muscles.
3) Evaluation of anal fistulas involves history, examination with EUA, and sometimes imaging. Management depends on fistula type and involves techniques like fistulotomy, setons, advancement flaps, or newer procedures like LIFT to try and control the fistula while preserving sphincter function.
Fistulainanosiap 170820115528
1) The rectum is approximately 12 cm in length and extends from the rectosigmoid junction to the anal canal. It has multiple flexures and relations to surrounding structures.
2) Anal fistulas are abnormal communications between the anorectal canal and perianal skin. They are usually due to infection and classified based on their relationship to the sphincter muscles.
3) Evaluation of anal fistulas involves history, examination with EUA, and sometimes imaging. Management depends on fistula type and may include fistulotomy, setons, advancement flaps, or newer techniques like LIFT.
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Nasopalatine duct cyst
- 1. NASOPALATINE DUCT CYST PRESENTED BY Dr.AJINS CB
- 2. INTRODUCTION • The nasopalatine duct cyst (NPDC) was first ever described by Meyer in 1914. • Nasopalatine duct cyst is also termed as incisive canal cyst, arises from embryogenic remnants of nasopalatine duct • Most of these cysts develop in the midline of anterior maxilla near the incisive foramen. • It is one of the most common nonodontogenic cysts of the oral cavity occurring in about 1% of the population
- 3. ETIOLOGY • The cyst originates from epithelial remnants from the nasopalatine duct. • The cells may be activated spontaneously during life or are eventually stimulated by the irritating action of various agents (infection, etc.).
- 4. CLINICAL FEATURES • Age predilection : fourth to sixth decades of life. • Gender predilection : common in men. • Patients may be asymptomatic, with the lesion being detected on routine radiographs; however, many will present with one or more symptoms. • Complaints are often found to be associated with an infection of a previously asymptomatic nasopalatine duct cysts and consist primarily of swelling, drainage, and pain.
- 5. RADIOGRAPHIC FEATURES • Almost all nasopalatine cyst occurs within the incisive canal at any level between nasal and oral cavity • Teardrop shaped and show a well demarcated slightly sclerotic border • Some cyst have an inverted pear shaped • Superimposition of the nasal spine classic heart shape
- 6. HISTOLOGICAL FEATURES • The cyst is lined by respiratory type of epithelium • The cyst is surrounded by fibrous capsule exhibiting a mild degree of chronic inflammation
- 7. TREATMENT • Nasopalatine duct cysts are treated by enucleation via a palatine or buccal approach. • Transnasal endoscopic marsupialization can also be applied. • Recurrence is uncommon, having been reported in 0-11% of patients
- 8. CASE REPORT • A 35-year-old male reported to the dental clinic with the chief complaint of painless swelling over the palate and anterior maxilla. • The swelling was gradually increasing in size for the past 3 months with associated displacement of maxillary central incisors. • There was no associated history of trauma.
- 9. CLINICAL FEATURES • On examination, a well defined firm nontender swelling was seen on the left side of anterior hard palate and crossing over the midline to the right side. • The crown of left central incisor was displaced labially and mesially, overlapping the crown of right central incisor.
- 10. PROVISIONAL DIAGNOSIS • Periapical cyst
- 11. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS • Nasopalatine duct cyst • Enlarged nasopalatine duct • Central giant cell granuloma • A root cyst associated to the upper central incisors • A supernumerary tooth follicular cyst • Primordial cyst • Nasoalveolar cyst
- 12. RADIOGRAPHIC FEATURES • Maxillary occlusal radiograph showed a well- defined round radiolucency approximately 2.5 cm in size with corticated margins in the midline and between the central incisors which was the typical radiographic feature of NPDC • The lesion was causing displacement of the roots of the incisors. • Superiorly it was extending till the floor of nasal fossa. • Also there was deviation of the nasal septum to the right side.
- 13. CT FEATURES A well-defined radiolucency in anterior maxilla in the region of incisive canal, 2.6 cm × 2.8 cm in size
- 14. • Mesiodistally the radiolucency was causing displacement of the roots of both maxillary central incisors and it was not extending laterally beyond the roots of incisors. • Inferiorly it was extending till the crest of interdental bone. Loss of cortication was seen along the buccal and palatal aspects of the lesion in the sagittal sections.
- 15. TREATMENT • A surgical enucleation was done with intact removal of the cyst. • The specimen was sent for histopathological examination
- 16. HISTOLOGICAL FEATURES • which showed cystic lining composed of stratified squamous epithelium about 2-3 cell layer thick. Lining was flattened and showed pseudostratification at places • This was conclusive for NPDC.
- 17. CONCLUSION • Nasopalatine duct cysts are the most common nonodontogenic cyst of the oral cavity seen in the general population. • NPDCs must be distinguished from other maxillary anterior radiolucencies. • Vitality testing of teeth adjacent to or involved with a cyst-like lesion is mandatory and the final diagnosis could only be performed after histological analysis. • It is important that practitioners are aware of the features of the NPDC.