Fracking technology involves injecting fluid into shale rock formations at high pressure to create fractures through which oil and gas can flow out. The process involves drilling wells deep underground and injecting a mixture of water, sand and chemicals to fracture the shale and release the hydrocarbons. While fracking has increased access to energy resources and lowered natural gas prices, it uses large amounts of water and raises environmental concerns about potential water and air contamination. Fracking has enabled countries like the US and Canada to boost oil and gas production from shale reserves. Pakistan also has significant shale gas reserves that could be extracted through fracking.

1. Fracking Technology
PREPARED BY :
RIZWAN HYDER
7TH SEMESTER
UET PESHAWAR
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2. Table of Contents
 Definition
 History
 Procedure
 Advantage
 Operations
 Applications
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3. What is Fracking ?
 Is a technique designed to recover gas and oil from shale
rock(shale gas is trapped inside tiny pockets of rock)
 Fracking is the process of drilling down into the earth before a
high-pressure water mixture is directed at the rock to release
the gas inside
 Water, sand and chemicals are injected into the rock at high
pressure which allows the gas to flow out to the head of the well
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4. History
 1860’s: Fracturing, using nitroglyce, hard rock oil wells
 1947: Floyd Farris of performs basic experiments of hydraulic fracturing
 1970’s: The United States government initiated Projects
 1997 – present: Development of "slick water fracturing
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• The problem is conventional hydrocarbon resources,
those that flow freely, are quickly diminishing,
while non conventional resources,
those that are locked in shale bed formations, are only
accessible though hydro-fracking.

6. Procedure
 The hydraulic fracturing of shale rock formations by injecting fluid
into cracks to force them further open
 The larger fissures allow more oil and gas to flow out of the formation and
into the wellbore. The gas released is methane, also referred to as natural
gas
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7. Vertical and horizontal fracking
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8. Cont.
 Drilling upto thousands of feet's below surface of earth to drill well
 Cased and cemented, small perforations are made in the horizontal
portions of the pipe
 a typical mixture of:
water(90%)
sand (9.5%)
chemicals(0.5%)
 Pumped at high pressure to create micro-fractures
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10. Advantages
 As fracking grows, natural gas prices are dropping
 Energy consumers are seeing economic gains
 Despite economic gains , environmental concerns remain
 Fracking allows drilling firms to access difficult to reach resources of oil
and gas.
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11. Disadvantages
 Uses huge amounts of water, which must be transported to the fracking
site
 Air contamination
 May cause small earth quakes
Applications:
 Because of shale and fracking, the International Energy Agency projects
that the U.S. could become the world’s leading oil producer by 2015
 2015: Canada produce half of CO2 as usually
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12. Pakistan
 Pakistan currently produces about 4.2 billion cubic feet of gas and about
70,000 barrels of oil per day
 the Energy Information Administration (EIA), the American federal
authority on energy statistics and analysis, has estimated fresh
recoverable shale gas reserves of 105 trillion cubic feet (TCF) and
more than nine billion barrels of oil in Pakistan
 Shale gas locations in Pakistan along border with India and Afghanistan
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13. References
 http://www.what-is-fracking.com/what-is-hydraulic-fracturing/
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_fracturing
 Slider share presentations on fracking .
 http://www.dawn.com/news/1038762
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QUESTIONS