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FOUNDATIONS OF
GRAMMAR
Podcast 20: What is a relative clause?
What is a relative clause?
Relative clauses are subordinate (dependent) clauses introduced by a
relative pronoun; they provide further information about the antecedent

1. Subordinate(dependent) clauses are clauses (groups of words
containing a subject and a verb) which cannot stand alone because they do
not express a complete thought.

eg: This is the painting which my parents gave me for my birthday


things.
What is a relative clause?
2. Relative pronouns: who, whoever, whom, whomever, which, whichever,
that, whose (what, when, where can sometimes also function as relative
pronouns).

Who, whoever, whom, whomever, that: used for people
Which, that: used for things

Relative pronouns are useful because they allow us to combine two distinct
but related thoughts into one sentence:

Thought 1) My teacher recommended a book
Thought 2) I bought the book

I bought the book which my teacher recommended
What is a relative clause?
2. Relative pronouns (continued): Because they are pronouns, relative
pronouns denote a noun/pronoun that has already been introduced. This
noun is called the antecedent

eg: That’s the lecturer who taught me last semester

NB: In English, unlike in many other languages, the relative pronoun
can be (and often is) omitted

e.g. The student I saw yesterday isn’t here today.
OR: The student whom I saw yesterday isn’t here today.
What is a relative clause?
SUMMARY: Relative clauses are subordinate (dependent) clauses
introduced by a relative pronoun; they provide further information about the
antecedent

eg: The students who excel in languages are generally those who are
diligent


eg: This is the book which my father recommended


eg: Those are the flowers that my grandmother grew in her own garden


things.
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What is a relative clause

  • 1. FOUNDATIONS OF GRAMMAR Podcast 20: What is a relative clause?
  • 2. What is a relative clause? Relative clauses are subordinate (dependent) clauses introduced by a relative pronoun; they provide further information about the antecedent 1. Subordinate(dependent) clauses are clauses (groups of words containing a subject and a verb) which cannot stand alone because they do not express a complete thought. eg: This is the painting which my parents gave me for my birthday things.
  • 3. What is a relative clause? 2. Relative pronouns: who, whoever, whom, whomever, which, whichever, that, whose (what, when, where can sometimes also function as relative pronouns). Who, whoever, whom, whomever, that: used for people Which, that: used for things Relative pronouns are useful because they allow us to combine two distinct but related thoughts into one sentence: Thought 1) My teacher recommended a book Thought 2) I bought the book I bought the book which my teacher recommended
  • 4. What is a relative clause? 2. Relative pronouns (continued): Because they are pronouns, relative pronouns denote a noun/pronoun that has already been introduced. This noun is called the antecedent eg: That’s the lecturer who taught me last semester NB: In English, unlike in many other languages, the relative pronoun can be (and often is) omitted e.g. The student I saw yesterday isn’t here today. OR: The student whom I saw yesterday isn’t here today.
  • 5. What is a relative clause? SUMMARY: Relative clauses are subordinate (dependent) clauses introduced by a relative pronoun; they provide further information about the antecedent eg: The students who excel in languages are generally those who are diligent eg: This is the book which my father recommended eg: Those are the flowers that my grandmother grew in her own garden things.
  • 6. Thank You Example presentation title Page 6
  • 7. Thank You Example presentation title Page 6

Editor's Notes

  1. Example title for notes and handouts 19 December 2012 Example footer for notes and handouts This is the Presentation Title page. Type over the existing content to add your title and subtitle. This page uses the slide master for the Heading page. It is recommended that you always include the date of your presentation in the subtitle.
  2. Example title for notes and handouts 19 December 2012 Example footer for notes and handouts This slide uses the Title and text slide layout. Add a title by clicking on the title box Add information into the bulleted list area by typing the text, and pressing RETURN to create new bullets. The look of the bullets and the text is defined by the design template. To indent your bullet points press the <tab> key. To change the footer information Select View / Header and Footer and change the “Example presentation title” information.
  3. Example title for notes and handouts 19 December 2012 Example footer for notes and handouts This slide uses the Title and text slide layout. Add a title by clicking on the title box Add information into the bulleted list area by typing the text, and pressing RETURN to create new bullets. The look of the bullets and the text is defined by the design template. To indent your bullet points press the <tab> key. To change the footer information Select View / Header and Footer and change the “Example presentation title” information.
  4. Example title for notes and handouts 19 December 2012 Example footer for notes and handouts This slide uses the Title and text slide layout. Add a title by clicking on the title box Add information into the bulleted list area by typing the text, and pressing RETURN to create new bullets. The look of the bullets and the text is defined by the design template. To indent your bullet points press the <tab> key. To change the footer information Select View / Header and Footer and change the “Example presentation title” information.
  5. Example title for notes and handouts 19 December 2012 Example footer for notes and handouts This slide uses the Title and text slide layout. Add a title by clicking on the title box Add information into the bulleted list area by typing the text, and pressing RETURN to create new bullets. The look of the bullets and the text is defined by the design template. To indent your bullet points press the <tab> key. To change the footer information Select View / Header and Footer and change the “Example presentation title” information.
  6. Example title for notes and handouts 19 December 2012 Example footer for notes and handouts This is the “back slide” in your presentation to show that you have completed your presentation.