formulation of hypothesis.pptx
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This document discusses how to formulate research hypotheses. It states that hypotheses should be written before a study begins and not changed later. Hypotheses use null and alternative forms, and directional alternative forms are better. A good hypothesis includes the dependent and independent variables, their relationship, the population studied, and significance level. It provides an example hypothesis about different dressings and bleeding complications. Additional tips are that hypotheses must be testable, use present tense, contain a single prediction, and ideally be limited to six or fewer. Criteria for evaluating hypotheses include clarity, structure, variables, population, testability and significance level. A well-stated hypothesis predicts the relationship between dependent and independent variables for a population at a given significance
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Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
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The introduction should introduce the paper. The intro would also include your thesis statement. The thesis tells the reader what will be discussed in the rest of the paper. This section should be in first paragraphs.
PICOT Statement
Revise the PICOT statement you wrote - PICOT Statements: (1). Changes in leisure time physical activity preference and development of hypertension were significantly correlated, especially among urban Chinese. Hypertension prevention programs may identify the groups at elevated risk by examining levels and changes of LTPA preferences. (2). Hypertension is a major health concern that leads to many complications besides the heart attack, heart failure and other related issues. Therefore, this study will help in studying the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) so as to arrive at the solutions. The study will aim at answering the question, how to treat to lower systolic blood pressure. (3). There are several reasons that contributed to non-adherence to treatment in hypertensive patients. Diversity of these reasons is an indication that design and implementation of different kinds of interventions are required in order to increase the patients' awareness, empower them and encourage self-efficacy.” Based on these provide justification of the problem and supporting evidence from multiple resources to justify why this is a problem. This section should be 1-2 paragraphs.
Research Critiques
Use the research critiques to complete this assignment that has both qualitative and quantitative.
Qualitative Studies
Background of the study. Answer the following questions in narrative form regarding the qualitative studies in this section.
· Identify the clinical problem and research problem that led to the study. What was not known about the clinical problem that, if understood, could be used to improve health care delivery or patient outcomes? This gap in knowledge is the research problem.
· How did the author establish the significance of the study? In other words, why should the reader care about this study? Look for statements about human suffering, costs of treatment, or the number of people affected by the clinical problem.
· Identify the purpose of the study. An author may clearly state the purpose of the study or may describe the purpose as the study goals, objectives, or aims.
· List research questions that the study was designed to answer. If the author does not explicitly provide the questions, attempt to infer the questions from the answers.
.
Evidence Based Prosthodontics
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Conducting Research in Clinical Psychology
Clinical psychologists conduct research for several reasons, including to evaluate treatment outcomes and effectiveness, assess new diagnostic methods and issues, and study professional and training topics. Research methods include experiments, quasi-experiments, between-group designs, within-group designs, mixed designs, analogue designs, correlational designs, case studies, meta-analyses, cross-sectional designs, and longitudinal designs. Ethical standards require informed consent, avoiding coercion, minimizing harm, and honest reporting of results.
research hypothesis.ppt
This document provides information on hypotheses in research. It defines a hypothesis as a tentative statement proposed to explain certain facts or observations. A hypothesis should be specific, testable, and stated in advance of data collection. Hypotheses can be categorized as null or research hypotheses based on their formulation. They can also be directional or non-directional based on whether they specify an expected direction of results. Hypotheses are either deductively or inductively derived depending on whether they are tested top-down from existing theory or built bottom-up from observations.
research methodology ppt-pdf-converted.pptx
This document provides guidelines for writing a synopsis for a research project. A synopsis should include the following sections: title, statement of the problem/hypothesis, aims and objectives, review of literature, research methodology, and references. The research methodology section should describe the study design, setting, sampling techniques, variables, controls, data collection methods, and data analysis plan. The synopsis provides a brief overview of the key elements of the proposed research for review.
Writing introduction, hypothesis and objectives of a thesis and scientific pa...
The document provides guidance on writing the introduction, hypotheses, and objectives for a thesis or scientific paper. It discusses including an introduction that interests readers and establishes the research problem and context. Hypotheses should make tentative predictions about variable relationships. Objectives should be specific, achievable, and measurable. The introduction identifies the problem and significance while assumptions and limitations acknowledge research constraints.
Hypothesis brm gowda...........
This document discusses different types of hypotheses used in business research. It defines a hypothesis as a tentative assumption or prediction about the relationship between two or more variables that guides a research study. The document then describes eight types of hypotheses: simple, complex, directional, non-directional, causal, associative, null, and alternative. For each type, an example is provided to illustrate the nature of the relationship predicted between independent and dependent variables.
good proposal ppt2.pptx
This document provides guidance on writing a health research proposal. It discusses the key components of a research proposal including an introduction justifying the importance and significance of the study, a literature review to establish the background and rationale, clear research objectives and hypotheses, a description of the study methodology including definitions of variables and measures, details on data collection and analysis, a timeline, and consideration of ethical issues. The document emphasizes that a well-written proposal with adequate methodological details is necessary to obtain approval and funding to conduct the proposed research study.
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The document provides templates for critiquing quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods research studies. The quantitative template includes sections for evaluating the research problem, hypotheses, literature review, theoretical framework, population and sampling, measurement instruments, data collection and analysis, results, discussion, limitations, implications, and recommendations. The qualitative template contains similar sections tailored for qualitative research, and the mixed methods template combines both quantitative and qualitative elements. The templates are intended to help nurses critically evaluate research to inform their practice.
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- 2. Introduction • Hypotheses are usually formulated in quantitative research studies, which investigate the interplay of dependent and independent variables such as experimental and correlation research studies, while in other studies use of hypothesis is inappropriate. There is no single way to develop an excellent hypothesis.
- 3. Contd.. • However, researchers employ inductive and deductive reasoning on available theory and knowledge to formulate a hypothesis. • In addition, there are several factors that must be considered while formulating an excellent research hypothesis. Some essential points to be considered are discussed below:
- 4. Contd... 1)Hypotheses are always written before starting the study and should not be changed after the study results are examined. 2. Researcher uses null form as well as alternative form for formulating research hypothesis. It is better to use directional alternative forms of research hypotheses for research studies. 3. The following four main components of a hypothesis must be considered while formulating a research hypothesis.
- 5. Contd…. Dependent and independent variables Nature of relationship between dependent and independent variables Subjects in population being studied. The level of significance for accepting/ rejecting the hypothesis
- 6. • For example patients underwent angiography receiving transparent film dressing have fewer bleeding complications compared to patients who receive pressure dressing. Dependent variable: Bleeding complication. Independent variable: Type of dressing at angiography site (transparent film vs. pressure dressing). Relationship between dependent and independent variables: Predicting fewer bleeding complications among patients receiving transparent film dressing as compared to patients with pressure dressing. Subjects in population being studied: Patients who under went angiography.
- 7. Contd... 4.Hypothesis must be stated in empirically testable form. For example, nurse practitioners are better health care providers than physicians. In this example, the hypothesis is not empirically testable because better is a value word that cannot be objectively measured. Therefore to make this hypothesis empirically testable it may be stated as nursing practitioners spent more time in teaching their clients about preventive health care practice than do physician. In this the term time can be measured empirically.
- 8. Contd… 5. Hypothesis should be stated using declarative sentence and present tense. For example, critically ill patient receives continuous nasogastric feeding experiences fewer gastrointestinal problems as compared to patients who receive bolus nasogastric feeding. 6.It is better that one hypothesis contains only single predication about relationships of study variables.
- 9. Contd... 7.Ideally, the number of hypothesis should be restricted to six or less because more number of hypotheses leads to confusion and increased work in data collection, analysis, and interpretations of data.
- 10. CRITERIA FOR EVALUATION OF RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS 1.Is each hypothesis clearly and precisely worded? 2. Is the hypothesis written as a declarative sentence? 3. Is the hypothesis written in present tense? 4. Is the hypothesis derived from and linked to research problem, study variable, operational definition and relevant theories ? 5.Does hypothesis present dependent and independent variables?
- 11. Cont…. 6.Is hypothesis present the population under study? 7.Is each hypothesis stated as directional research hypothesis? 8. Is each hypothesis empirically testable? 9. Does each hypothesis contain only single predication about relationships of study variables? 10.Is each hypothesis stated with level of significance for testing the hypothesis.
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