1. The document discusses formative assessment and ongoing assessment strategies that teachers can use to evaluate student understanding, including response cards, place mats, reciprocal teaching dialogues, and checking for misconceptions. 2. Effective formative assessment involves collecting and analyzing student data to inform instruction, and providing timely, specific, and empowering feedback. 3. Formative assessments should be done with students, not to students, in order to gain insight into students' thinking and address misunderstandings.