The document discusses various formal qualities of photography including lighting, composition, focusing, and framing. It provides tips for effective photographic composition such as placing objects in appropriate positions, choosing an appropriate point of view, and waiting for the opportune moment. Some common rules of composition mentioned are the rule of thirds, framing, cropping, vantage point, balance, perspective, and leading lines. The document encourages photographers to experiment with different angles, frames, lines, and perspectives to create impact.