It is ppt on Forced sensor which describes the introduction to sensor and few definition of forced sensor. Then it explains the construction and how it is used. And in the end it explains the few application of Forced sensor in world.
This document contains the detailed construction ,working principle ,advantages disadvantages and applications of different sensors used in an mechatronic system.
In this slide there is all about the digital transducer and its types.Its is very helpful in making short notes of transducer. There is a simple description.
This document contains the detailed construction ,working principle ,advantages disadvantages and applications of different sensors used in an mechatronic system.
In this slide there is all about the digital transducer and its types.Its is very helpful in making short notes of transducer. There is a simple description.
Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) are miniature devices comprising of integrated mechanical (levers, springs, deformable membranes, vibrating structures, etc.) and electrical (resistors, capacitors, inductors, etc.) components designed to work in concert to sense and report on the physical properties of their immediate or local environment, or, when signaled to do so, to perform some kind of controlled physical interaction or actuation with their immediate or local environment
This Presentation provides some basics of Sensors Technology.........
It gives few ideas to learn about sensors which are as normally used as electrical & electronics applications.......
Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) are miniature devices comprising of integrated mechanical (levers, springs, deformable membranes, vibrating structures, etc.) and electrical (resistors, capacitors, inductors, etc.) components designed to work in concert to sense and report on the physical properties of their immediate or local environment, or, when signaled to do so, to perform some kind of controlled physical interaction or actuation with their immediate or local environment
This Presentation provides some basics of Sensors Technology.........
It gives few ideas to learn about sensors which are as normally used as electrical & electronics applications.......
All About Electrical Connections of Force TransducersTacuna Systems
This guide goes over everything that you would need to know about electrical connections of force transducers, the internal Electrical setup of a stain gauge load cell and much more.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
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Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
3. FORCE SENSOR
•Force sensor is a type of transducer, specifically
a force transducer. It converts an input mechanical
force such as load, weight, tension, compression or
pressure into another physical variable, in this case, into an
electrical output signal that can be measured, converted
and standardized. As the force applied to the force sensor
increases, the electrical signal changes proportionally.
4.
5. How resistance work in Forced Sensor ?
When Force is applied resistance is
Minimum
When is Force not applied
resistance is Maximum
8. To explain how a force sensor works, we first
have to understand how does a strain
gauge (or SG) work ? For most common force
transducers have strain gauges inside them
9. • A Strain gauge is a sensor whose resistance varies with applied force; It converts force, pressure,
tension, weight, etc., into a change in electrical resistance which can then be measured.
• They are electrical conductors firmly attached to a film in a meandering pattern.When this film is
pulled, it – and the conductors – get longer. When it is contracted, it gets shorter.This results in a
change in resistance in the electrical conductors, and on this basis we can determine the strain,
for resistance grows when there is strain and diminishes when there is contraction.
• When Strain gauge Increase – Resistance also Increase.
• When Strain gauge decrease – Resistance also decrease.
• Resistance is Directly proportional to length
10. • To produce a force sensor , in addition to strain gauges you also require a spring element – made
of steel, for example.The strain gauge electrical conductors on film, bonded securely to this
spring element.
• As the simplest form of spring element, we can picture a steel cylinder that is either elongated
or contracted under the impact of force.
• The force acting on the steel produces mechanical stress in the material, leading to strain. Spring
element with Strain Gauge.When contracted, the spring element becomes not only shorter, but
also thicker. Conversely, as it gets longer it also becomes thinner. And the Strain Gauge attached
to it naturally undergoes these changes too.
11. • A force sensor generally contains four Strain Gauges, connected in a "ring" in a Wheatstone
bridge circuit. Strain Gauges are firmly attached to the steel of the sensor, and therefore undergo
the same deformations it does.When the steel is deformed, the resistance of the strain
gauge changes, as mentioned above.
• So, the output signal from the bridge circuit provides information on how great
this deformation is. From this, we can calculate the force acting on the Strain Gauge.This is how
the force sensor works.
12. • With strain gauge-based force sensors, the processing of the mechanical variable into the
electrical signal takes place in three steps.The starting point of any force sensor with strain
gauges is a patterned steel foil, on which external loads cause strain on the surface of the
material.
• This strain is measured by means of strain gauges applied to the surface of the patterned
steel foil.The strain gauges convert the mechanical strain into a change in electrical
resistance and act as mechanical-electrical converters.Through this change in resistance,
they generate a change in voltage proportional to the force. With the help of the intelligent
connection of the individual strain gauges to form aWheatstone measuring bridge, even the
smallest strains can be measured.
Finally, How Force sensor works ?
15. Process Monitoring
• Press Force Measurement
• e.g. Pressing of pills in the Pharmaceutical Industry A pelleting tool, consisting of a matrix with a
top punch and a lower punch, is used for the production of pills.
F
F
Pressed pill
Fill Press Eject Reset
Working Compression: Schematic
process in a rotation pill press
16. Process Monitoring
• Joining Process
• Rivets
• Press in Force of bolts, caps, ball bearing, etc.
Determination of the max. value of the press-in forces
Statistical analysis of the measurement results
Computation of the process capability
17. Test in Production
Force Measurement during Product Development
Drive Spindle Spring Counter Bearing
Force Sensor K-11
•Determination of the Spring
Characteristic
18. Traffic Engineering
Rail Monitoring
Pre load of the connection.
K-2073
Nut Washer
Rail
Preload at the frog of the switch
•Intense loaded range
•Measurement at fastening
bolt
•Early detection of
damages
K-2073
19. Process Control
Spiral Cylinder Heating
sleeve
Gear
Box
Motor
Funnel
Production Process
•Extruder screw-conveyor
Measurement takes place in the gearing
Constant spiral back-pressure
Thus max. possible ejection at same quality
Regulation by motor rotation speed
20. Medical Science Biomechanics
• Dynamometry
• Legs Force measurement
Medical Diagnostics
Sports Medicine
Hand Force Measurement
K-2565
The handgrip force is basis for dressing, eating,
cooking etc.
Reduced handgrip force reduced muscularity (e.g. used for elderly people)
For example, measurement of the hand force after an
injury of the hand shows considerably smaller values
(comparison between injured and healthy hand)
21. ScrewTesting
Preload Force Measurement for Screw Joints
Washer
K-180
Screw
Assembly
Parts
•Determination of the Clamping Force in Screw Joints
•Fit Performance of the Screw Joints by long-term
observance (soft separating layers e.g. gaskets etc.
cause permanent deformation)
•Determination ofTightening Directions
Concurrent measurement of torque and angle of rotation.
•Washer to avoid damage of the force sensor
•The washer should have grounded surfaces
•If necessary provide a grounded washer on
the assembly part side as
well
