This document provides an overview of fluid mechanics for chemical engineers. It defines a fluid as a substance that can flow or deform continuously under stress, and discusses ideal and real fluids. Fluid mechanics is described as the study of fluids and forces on them, with wide applications including engineering, geophysics, and biology. Some key applications of fluid mechanics mentioned are in meteorology, forecasting natural disasters, aerospace, automobiles, turbomachines, hydraulics, renewable energy systems, and process engineering. The document also defines pressure, and describes several common devices used to measure pressure, such as manometers, Bourdon tube gauges, and the pitot tube.

1. FLUID MECHANICS
FOR
CHEMICAL ENGINEERS
Presented by:
Faheem ullah

2. Content:
 What is Fluid?
 What is Fluid Mechanics?
 Applications of Fluid Mechanics.
 What is Pressure?
 Equipments to measure Pressure.

3. Fluid:
“A Fluid is a substance that continually deforms
under an applied shear stress.”
Example:
H2O, N2, O2 etc…

4. Ideal Or Real:
▪ Ideal fluid do not actually exist in nature, but
sometimes used for fluid flow problems.
▪ Real fluid have viscosity(μ > 0) and their motion
known as viscous flow. All the fluids in actual
practice are real fluids.

5. Fluid Mechanics:
▪ Fluid mechanics is the branch of physics concerned
with the mechanics of fluids and the forces on
them.
▪ Fluid mechanics has a wide range of applications,
including engineering, geophysics, astrophysics,
and biology.

6. AREAS OF APPLICATION OF FLUID
MECHANICS
Fluid mechanics cover almost all areas of our daily as
well as our industrial life, which are:
1-METEOROLOGY (WEATHER FORECASTING)

7. 2-FORECASTING NATURAL
DISASTERS TROPICAL CYCLONE

8. 3-AEROSPACE AND AUTOMOBILE
INDUSTRY

9. 4-TURBOMACHINES AND
HYDRAULICS

10. 5-RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS BASED
ON FLUID MECHANICS
A-WIND POWER B- WAVE POWER

11. 6-FLUID AS COOLANT IN ENGINES,
ELECTRONICS, POWER PALNTS

12. 7-PROCESS ENGINEERING,
REFRIGERATION AND HVAC SYSTEMS

13. Pressure
Force per unit area is called pressure, and its unit is
the Pascal, N/m2 in the SI system and psia, lbf/in2
absolute, in the English system.

14. Cont…
The relation among atmospheric, gage, and vacuum
pressures is shown below. Small to moderate pressure
differences are measured by a manometer and a
differential fluid column of height h corresponds to a
pressure difference between the system and the
surroundings of the manometer. This pressure
difference is determined from the manometer fluid
displaced height as

16. Equipments o measure
Pressure:

17. Pizometer
▪ P=pgh
▪ It can measure only positive pressure
▪ It can not measure
high pressure
▪ Gas pressure cannot
be measured

18. Bordon Tube Pressure Guage
▪ It measures pressure by means of mechanical movement.
▪ The mechanical movement
gets converted
into the
rotary motion
of pointer.

19. Cont…
C-type bourdon:
• psi Range as low as 0 - 15 psi up to 0-1500
Helical bourdon:
• Range as low as 0 - 200 psi up to 0 – 6000
psi
Spiral bourdon:
• Range as low as 0-10 psi up to 0-100,000 psi

20. U-Tube Manometer:
▪ High pressure can be measured
▪ It can measure
positive
as well as
negative
preesure.

21. Advantages:-
 Inexpensive
Wide operating range
Fast response
Good sensitivity
Direct pressure measurements

22. Disadvantages:-
▪ Hysteresis on cycling
▪ Sensitive to temperature variations
▪ Limited life when subjected to shock and vibrations
Applications:-
▪ These devices should be used in air if calibrated for
air and in liquid if calibrated

23. Pilot Tube:
▪ The pitot tube is a device to measure the local
velocity along a streamline.
▪ The pitot tube is one of the simplest flow sensors,
it is used in a wide range of flow measurement
applications such as air speed in racing cars and Air
Force fighter jets