Floral biology of cucurbit seed technology
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Floral biology of cucurbits Its a topic of seed technology subject . seed technology is the part of Genetics and Plant Breeding and Seed Science and Technology. This topic are totally based on flowers on cucurbits . cucurbits some important crops like cucumber, bottle gourd, ridge gourd , watermelon and mask melon
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Importance of floral biology of some minor fruit crops(like aonla, bael, ber...
The document summarizes the floral biology of several minor fruit crops in India, including aonla, bael, ber, jackfruit, and jamun. It describes key details about each crop such as their origin, uses, and challenges to improvement. For each crop, it provides information on flowering timing and structure, pollination mechanisms, stigma receptivity, fruit set rates, and time from flowering to fruit development. Understanding the floral biology of these crops is important for plant breeders to carry out successful crop improvement programs.
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This document summarizes the inflorescence, flowers, seed formation, and seed parts of pearl millet plants. It describes that pearl millet has a panicle inflorescence that can take different shapes and contains spikelets with 2-4 flowers. Each flower has staminate and hermaphrodite forms. Pollination occurs through the wind and is protogynous. Seeds form in a caryopsis and vary in shape, color, and size depending on their position in the panicle. Seed development progresses through stages until maturity.Investigatory project of biology on pollination in flowering plants
pollination in flowering plants is a ppt made using a creative template with the fully editable shapes and figures.
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This presentation discusses the physiology of flowering and fruiting in several fruit crops including mango, apple, banana, papaya, custard apple and citrus. It covers topics such as floral initiation and development, types of flowers, flowering time and climate influences, pollination and fertilization. For each crop, details are provided on inflorescence and flower morphology, sex ratio, temperature and photoperiod influences on flowering. The presentation is intended for a course on physiology of flowering and fruiting of fruit crops.
angiosperms.pptx
Angiosperms are flowering plants that reproduce sexually through flowers. They dominate terrestrial ecosystems, making up around 90% of all plant species. Key characteristics include producing flowers, fruits, and seeds. Angiosperms were more reproductively successful than earlier plants due to animal pollination and seed dispersal via fruits. They have a double fertilization process and can be annual, biennial, or perennial. Angiosperms occupy nearly all habitats on Earth and are economically important as food, materials, medicines, and ornamentals.
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From the forgoing presentation, it can be concluded that breeding characters viz., flowering period, inflorescence, time of flower opening, time of anther dehiscence, time of stigma receptivity, pollinating agent ,time of visitor of pollinating agent and fruit set (%) in tropical species are required to be studied as they are vital for any improvement and eco-environmental planning purposes. It also throws light on how species adopts itself along with the phenomenon of speciation and reproductive isolation. From these characters we can introduce new variety which is essential for further evaluation and also the identification of the interactions between biological factors, such as animal, plant species, and non-biological factors, like temperature, RH, rain and wind, helps us to elaborate management and conservation plans for the ecosystems of the planet, which have become more and more necessary due to highly increased rate of deterioration of different ecosystems during the last few decades.Sweet gourd (Momordica cochinchinensis)
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The document provides information on oats, including its botanical name, centers of origin, wild relatives, and floral biology. Some key points discussed include:
- Oats are a hexaploid crop with 42 chromosomes and belong to the Poaceae family. Their centers of origin are considered to be the Near East, Mediterranean, or Asia Minor.
- The inflorescence of oats is a panicle composed of spikelets. Each spikelet contains 3-4 florets, usually with the two basal florets being fertile.
- Oat flowers are perfect and zygomorphic, containing structures like glumes, lemmas, paleas, lodicules, stamens, and a
Angiosperms (flowering plants) PowerPoint Presentation
Second Semester PowerPoint Presentation on the flowering plants, the largest organisms of the plant kingdom.
This was presented by Group 10.
physiology of flowering in tropical and dry land fruit crop
flowering is the essential event in any crop and its physiology different among plants. so, i hope this presentation is helpful to every viewer in understanding of physiology of flowering in tropical and dry land fruit crops
floral biology of temperate fruit crop
knowledge about floral morphology of any crop is a prerequisite for successful breeding programme as well as for higher production.
Anther culture
Anther culture is a technique where anthers are excised from flower buds and cultured to produce haploid plants. The first report of haploid tissue from anther culture was in 1964-1966 in Datura pollen grains. Over 250 species have been produced through anther culture, most commonly in families like Solanaceae, Cruciferae, and Poaceae. Haploid plants are useful for identifying recessive traits, eliminating lethal genes, and producing homozygous diploid plants more quickly. There are several pathways that microspores can follow during anther culture, such as symmetric or asymmetric division, to produce haploid plants. Successful anther culture requires optimizing various factors like donor plant genotype, anther
Anther culture
Anther culture is a technique where anthers are excised from flower buds and cultured to produce haploid plants. The first report of haploid tissue from anther culture was in 1964-1966 in Datura pollen grains. Over 250 species have been produced through anther culture, most commonly in families like Solanaceae, Cruciferae, and Poaceae. Anthers go through various pathways during culture, such as equal division to form two daughter cells or formation of vegetative and generative cells. Anther culture is useful for eliminating lethal genes and shortening breeding time to produce superior hybrids.
Cucumber seed production
This document provides information on hybrid seed production techniques for cucurbits. It discusses the floral biology of cucurbits, which are mostly monoecious with male and female flowers on the same plant. It describes the process of hybrid seed production, which involves bagging male and female flowers separately, rubbing pollen from the male parent onto the stigma of the female parent, and rebagging to avoid contamination. It also discusses other techniques like using gynoecious lines in cucumber and chemical induction of sex forms. Key steps in hybrid seed production and processing like field inspection, rouging, harvesting, and seed extraction methods are outlined.
Sexual reproduction in flowering plant
Flower structure and development of male and female gametophytes in flowering plants are specially designed for fertilization. A flower has parts like pedicel, thalamus, sepals, petals, stamens and carpels. In the anther, microsporogenesis produces haploid pollen grains which develop into male gametophytes with two sperm cells. In the ovule, megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis lead to formation of the female gametophyte consisting of seven cells including the egg cell. Pollination, whether self or cross, transfers pollen for fertilization through pollen-pistil interaction where compatible pollen tubes deliver the sperm for double fertilization
Brinjal breeding techniques.pdf
This presentation pdf gives information about the floral biology, botany, emasculation and pollination in eggplant or brinjal. This explains the conventional and non-conventional methods to develop hybrids in brinjal.
Sexual reproduction in Flowering Plants
Flowering plants reproduce sexually through flowers. The male parts (androecium) contain stamens that produce pollen inside anthers. The female parts (gynoecium) contain pistils with ovules inside ovaries. Pollination transfers pollen grains to the stigma, and the pollen tube delivers sperm for double fertilization - one sperm fuses with the egg to form the embryo, while the other fuses with the central cells to form the endosperm. Various mechanisms ensure cross-pollination for genetic diversity.
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Floral biology of cucurbit seed technology
- 1. PRINCIPLE OF SEED TECHNOLOGY (ASAG2202) NAME : S M PARVEJ NOWAJ BSC AGRICULTURE , SEC : B TOPIC: FLORAL BIOLOGY OF CUCURBITS.
- 2. INTRODUCTION :- Cucurbits have 18 crops or vegetables. But some crops or vegetables floral biologocal details is there ,, ,, ,, 1) Cucumber ( Cucumis sativa ) 2) Bottle Gourd ( Lagenaria siceraria ) 3) Ridge Gourd ( Luffa actangula ) 4) Pointed Gourd ( Tricosanthes dioca ) 5) Watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus ) 6) Maskmelon (Cucumis melo )
- 3. FLORAL BIOLOGY OF CUCUMBER (Cucumis sativa) :- Inflorescence Inflorescence is cymose. Cucumber is monoecious i.e. male and female lowers present on the same plant. Flowers are bracteate, pedicellate, unisexual, actinomorphic, pentamerous and epigynous. Anthesis The whole developmental process from the initial bud stage to the stage when the flower is detached from the pedicel was divided into 8 stages. Opening and closing of the male flowers are mainly influenced by the sunrise and sunset, that is, by light and the time of the day.
- 4. • Anther dehiscence between temperature ranges of 20.5- 21.5°C. • Pollen fertility was considerable up to noon and by afternoon (2.00 PM) fertility was greatly reduced, and it was negligible by evening. • Stigma receptivity was for very short duration and pollination should be carried out within 2 hours after anthesis. • Rise in temperature causes early drying of stigmatic secretion. Different floral abnormalities like mixed inflorescence, hermaphroditism, fusion, dimorphic female
- 5. MALE FLOWER OF CUCUMBER
- 6. FLORAL BIOLOGY OF BOTTLE GOURD ( Lagenaria siceraria) • The studies at IIHR, Bangalore, indicate that anthesis starts from 9 am and gets completed by 7 pm the same day. • Anther dehiscence begins at 11 am and is completed at 2 pm the same day. • Stigma becomes receptive 24 hrs before anthesis and remains upto 24 hr after anthesis. Flowers remain open only for a few hours, after which the petals wither. • After 24 hrs the stigma loses its shine and becomes brownish and increases by about 3mm in length, showing the start of fruit formation.
- 8. FLORAL BIOLOGY OF POINTED GOURD (Tricosanthes dioca ) • Flowering starts from July. Flowers are white. Flower opens in early morning and closes before sunset. • Because of dioecy, the crop is highly cross- pollinated. • Anthers are free, pollen sticky and hence is strictly entomophilous. • Male flowers took 16-19 days while female flowers took 10- 14 days from initiation to anthesis (when the anthers and stigmas first became visible). Anthesis began at 19.00 to 19.30 h in female and at 19.30 to 20.00 h in male flowers. Stigmas remained viable for 14 and 24 h in open and bagged flowers, respectively.
- 9. FLORAL BIOLOGY OF RIDGE GOURD (Luffa actangula ) • The sex forms in ridge gourd are monoecious, androecious, gynoecious, gynomonoecious, and andromonoecious and hermaphrodite. • Flowers open in evening. • Anthesis occurs between 5 -8 pm. Anther dehiscence between 5-8 pm. Pollen fertility is maximum on the day of anthesis and lasts till 2 -3 days after anthesis. Stigma is receptive 6hrs before to 84 hrs after anthesis.
- 11. FLORAL BIOLOGY OF WATERMELON (Citrullus lanatus) • The male flowers open first in the axil of 4th to 12th leaf and a few days later, female and hermaphrodite flowers open . • Most flowers are open between 5:30 to 7 am . In watermelon crosses , higher seed set was observed when pollination occurred in the early morning. Pollen kept at room conditions for 5hrs gave a lower seed set then freshly collected pollen and after 30hrs completely lost viability .
- 13. FLORAL BIOLOGY OF MUSKMELON (Cucumis melo) • Flowers are large yellow, fragrant and edible. • Many sex forms -monoecious, gynomonoecious,andromonoecious, and perfect - are present in melons leading to complete allogamy . Melons are highly cross pollinated and honey bees are the chief pollinators. • time of anthesis - 5:30 to 6:30 am • anther dehiscence- 5 to 6 am • pollen fertility - 5 to 2 pm • stigma receptivity - 2 hrs before to 2 to 3 hrs after