SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 12
Física Mecánica
en los Cohetes
Lee Joel Rivera Guzmán
¿Qué es
un cohete?
Es un vehículo aeronave o nave espacial que esta
constituido por un motor donde obtiene su
empuje por la reacción de la expulsión rápida de
gases de combustión.
Es utilizado para el transporte de satélites,
suministros espaciales, astronautas o proyectiles
dirigidos o balísticos.
Sistema:
Esta conformado por carga útil, sistemas
de guía, propulsión (1, 2 y 3 etapas),
motores y estructura.
III Etapa
II Etapa
I Etapa
Torre
Salvamento
Carga
Útil
Contenedor LEM
Unidad
Instrumentos
Cono de
Empalme
Anillo de
empalme
Estabilizadores
Motores
Aplicación
1º Ley de Newton - Inercia
Explica que si la fuerza total o resultante que
actúa sobre un cuerpo, si esa fuerza es 0, quiere
decir que todas las fuerzas sobre el se ANULAN,
decimos que el cuerpo o en éste caso el cohete
está o en reposo o MRU.
Fuerza Motor
Peso
𝑀𝑅𝑈 → 𝑎 = 0
Peso = Fuerza Motor
g
F. Normal
𝑅𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑜 → 𝑃 = 𝐹 𝑁𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙
Aplicación
La fuerza total y resultante que actúa sobre un cuerpo en
este caso el cohete, va a ser igual a la masa de ese cuerpo
por la aceleración. Veremos como se aplica esta ley al
movimiento del cohete.
2º
Ley
de
Newton
-
Fundamental
F. peso
F. Empuje
Propulsión
F. Resultante
Acelera hacia
arriba 𝐹𝑟 = 𝑚𝑐 × 𝑎𝑐
𝑎 =
𝐹𝑟
𝑚𝑐
𝐸. 𝑃 =?
𝐸. 𝑃 = 𝐸𝑝 − 𝑃 = 𝑚 × 𝑎
𝐸. 𝑃 = 𝐹𝑟 + 𝑃 → (𝑚 × 𝑔)
Si hay un cuerpo que hace una fuerza
sobre un segundo cuerpo entonces, el
segundo cuerpo hace
instantáneamente la misma fuerza
sobre el primer cuerpo.
Aplicación
3º Ley de Newton – Acción y
Reacción
→
𝐹1
−𝐹1
𝐹2
−𝐹2
= 𝐹12
=
−𝐹21
F. Gases sobre
el Cohete
Peso
E.P.
F. Cohete
sobre gases
Velocidad de
Escape Si yo tengo un objeto y lo
lanzo hacia arriba, con cierta
velocidad inicial, regresara a
la superficie terrestre. ¿Por
qué ocurre esto?
r
𝑉𝑓 = 𝑉
𝑜 − 𝑔𝑡
𝐸. 𝑀 = 0
𝐸. C + E. P = 0
1
2
𝑚. 𝑉2
𝑒𝑠𝑐 −
𝐺𝑀𝑚
𝑟
= 0
𝑉𝑒𝑠𝑐 =
2𝐺𝑀
𝑟
𝑉𝑒𝑠𝑐 =
2(6,67×10−11𝑁𝑚2
𝐾𝑔2×5,98×1024𝐾𝑔)
6370×103𝑚
= 11.190,7 𝑚
𝑠
11.2 𝑘𝑚
𝑠
→
𝑉
𝑣 + 𝑑𝑣
𝑚 − 𝑑𝑚
𝑢 𝑑𝑚
𝑚
𝑡
𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎
𝑃 = 𝑚𝑣
𝐹=
𝑑𝑝
𝑑𝑡
𝑃𝑡 = 𝑚𝑣 Momento lineal inicial
𝑃𝑡 + 𝑑𝑡 = (𝑚 − 𝑑𝑚)(𝑣+dv)+dm(𝑣 + 𝑢)
𝑃𝑡 + 𝑑𝑡 − 𝑝𝑡 = 𝑚𝑣 + 𝑚𝑑𝑣 − dm𝑣 − dmd𝑣 + dm𝑣 − dm𝑢 − m𝑣
d𝑝 = md𝑣 − dm𝑢
𝑣: 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜ℎ𝑒𝑡𝑒
𝑢: Velocidad del
combustible respecto
al cohete
𝑣- 𝑢: Velocidad del
combustible
respecto a la Tierra
𝑑𝑝 = m
𝑑𝑣
𝑑𝑡
− 𝑢
𝑑𝑚
𝑑𝑡
𝐹 =
𝑑𝑝
𝑑𝑡
𝐹 = −𝑚𝑔𝑘
𝑉 = 𝑉𝑘
𝑈 = −𝑢𝑘
𝐹 = 𝑚
𝑑𝑣
𝑑𝑡
−𝑢
𝑑𝑚
𝑑𝑡
−𝑚𝑔 = 𝑚
𝑑𝑣
𝑑𝑡
+ 𝑢
𝑑𝑚
𝑑𝑡
−𝑚𝑔𝑑𝑡 = 𝑚𝑑𝑣 + 𝑢 𝑑𝑚
−𝑚𝑔𝑑𝑡
𝑚
=
𝑚𝑑𝑣
𝑚
+ 𝑢
𝑑𝑚
𝑚
−𝑔
0
𝑡
𝑑𝑡′
=
𝑣𝑜
𝑣𝑓
𝑑𝑣 + 𝑢
𝑚0
𝑚𝑓
𝑑𝑚
𝑚
−𝑔𝑡 = 𝑣𝑓 − 𝑣𝑜 + 𝑢 𝑙𝑛 𝑚
𝑚𝑓
𝑚𝑜
−𝑔𝑡 = 𝑣𝑓 − 𝑣𝑜 + 𝑢 𝑙𝑛 𝑚𝑓
− 𝑢 𝑙𝑛 𝑚𝑜
−𝑔𝑡 = 𝑣𝑓 − 𝑣𝑜 + 𝑢 𝑙𝑛
𝑚𝑓
𝑚𝑜
𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣𝑜 − 𝑔𝑡 + 𝑢 𝑙𝑛
𝑚𝑜
𝑚𝑓
𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣𝑜 − 𝑔𝑡 + 𝑢 𝑙𝑛
𝑚𝑜
𝑚𝑓
𝑉𝑜 = 0 𝑚
𝑠 ; 𝑡 =
1
100
𝑠 ; 𝑔 = 9,8 𝑚
𝑠2
𝑢 = 1 𝑘𝑚
𝑠 = 1000 𝑚
𝑠 ; 𝑀𝑜 = 1 ; 𝑀𝑓 = 0,1
𝑉𝑓 = 2302 𝑚
𝑠 ; le gana a − 𝑔𝑡
Ejemplo
r
h
𝑔 =
𝐺𝑀
(𝑟 + ℎ)2
𝐹𝑔 =
𝐺𝑀𝑚
(𝑟 + ℎ)2
; 𝑃 = 𝑚. 𝑔
El cohete está a 400 km de la tierra, es de
h = 400.000 m
𝑔 =
6,67 × 10−11 × 5,98 × 1024𝑘𝑔
(6371 𝑘𝑚 + 400 𝑘𝑚)2
𝑔 = 8,7 𝑚
𝑠2 la gravedad disminuyó.
𝑔 = 9,8 𝑚/𝑠2 en la Tierra
𝑔 =
𝐺𝑀
(𝑟 + ℎ)2
𝑔 = 0 𝑚/𝑠2
𝐺𝑀
(𝑟 + ℎ)2
= 𝑔
Física mecánica en los cohetes lee joel rivera guzmán

More Related Content

What's hot (16)

Lecture19
Lecture19Lecture19
Lecture19
 
Simple & Fast Fluids
Simple & Fast FluidsSimple & Fast Fluids
Simple & Fast Fluids
 
Lecture20
Lecture20Lecture20
Lecture20
 
The mass of an astronaut in zero gravity, Dominique Lambert
The mass of an astronaut in zero gravity, Dominique LambertThe mass of an astronaut in zero gravity, Dominique Lambert
The mass of an astronaut in zero gravity, Dominique Lambert
 
Sol37
Sol37Sol37
Sol37
 
KJ Workshop 2016
KJ Workshop 2016KJ Workshop 2016
KJ Workshop 2016
 
B02708012
B02708012B02708012
B02708012
 
Lecture17
Lecture17Lecture17
Lecture17
 
2 aircraft flight instruments
2 aircraft flight instruments2 aircraft flight instruments
2 aircraft flight instruments
 
Problem 1 i ph o 36
Problem 1 i ph o 36Problem 1 i ph o 36
Problem 1 i ph o 36
 
Lecture13
Lecture13Lecture13
Lecture13
 
Law of momentum
Law of momentumLaw of momentum
Law of momentum
 
Lecture12
Lecture12Lecture12
Lecture12
 
Traectory recent
Traectory recentTraectory recent
Traectory recent
 
Flywheel apparatus
Flywheel apparatusFlywheel apparatus
Flywheel apparatus
 
Poster presentation
Poster presentationPoster presentation
Poster presentation
 

Similar to Física mecánica en los cohetes lee joel rivera guzmán

Payload Mass Improvements of Supersonic Retropropulsive Flight for Human Clas...
Payload Mass Improvements of Supersonic Retropropulsive Flight for Human Clas...Payload Mass Improvements of Supersonic Retropropulsive Flight for Human Clas...
Payload Mass Improvements of Supersonic Retropropulsive Flight for Human Clas...Max Fagin
 
Saqib aeroelasticity cw
Saqib aeroelasticity cwSaqib aeroelasticity cw
Saqib aeroelasticity cwSagar Chawla
 
Center of mass_&_rocket_propulsion
Center of mass_&_rocket_propulsionCenter of mass_&_rocket_propulsion
Center of mass_&_rocket_propulsionTharika Weerakoon
 
Equations_3_Industrial Instrumentation - Temperature & Level Measurement Impo...
Equations_3_Industrial Instrumentation - Temperature & Level Measurement Impo...Equations_3_Industrial Instrumentation - Temperature & Level Measurement Impo...
Equations_3_Industrial Instrumentation - Temperature & Level Measurement Impo...Burdwan University
 
Is there Life on Mars? a Sample Return Mission Concept
Is there Life on Mars? a Sample Return Mission ConceptIs there Life on Mars? a Sample Return Mission Concept
Is there Life on Mars? a Sample Return Mission ConceptToni Engelhardt
 
Gravitational Fields
Gravitational FieldsGravitational Fields
Gravitational FieldsPaula Mills
 
cinematica de particulas
cinematica de particulascinematica de particulas
cinematica de particulaslavadoarroyo
 
Engineering Analysis -Third Class.ppsx
Engineering Analysis -Third Class.ppsxEngineering Analysis -Third Class.ppsx
Engineering Analysis -Third Class.ppsxHebaEng
 
3 151010205457-lva1-app6892
3 151010205457-lva1-app68923 151010205457-lva1-app6892
3 151010205457-lva1-app6892Ranjeet Kumar
 
3 151010205457-lva1-app6892
3 151010205457-lva1-app68923 151010205457-lva1-app6892
3 151010205457-lva1-app6892Ranjeet Kumar
 
3 EDL.pdf
3 EDL.pdf3 EDL.pdf
3 EDL.pdfa a
 
(S.h.m & waves).(reflection & refrection).(interferenc) prove s & important ...
(S.h.m & waves).(reflection & refrection).(interferenc)  prove s & important ...(S.h.m & waves).(reflection & refrection).(interferenc)  prove s & important ...
(S.h.m & waves).(reflection & refrection).(interferenc) prove s & important ...last4ever
 
A2 PHYSICS - Notes.pdf
A2 PHYSICS - Notes.pdfA2 PHYSICS - Notes.pdf
A2 PHYSICS - Notes.pdfLuisa Polanco
 

Similar to Física mecánica en los cohetes lee joel rivera guzmán (20)

Payload Mass Improvements of Supersonic Retropropulsive Flight for Human Clas...
Payload Mass Improvements of Supersonic Retropropulsive Flight for Human Clas...Payload Mass Improvements of Supersonic Retropropulsive Flight for Human Clas...
Payload Mass Improvements of Supersonic Retropropulsive Flight for Human Clas...
 
Saqib aeroelasticity cw
Saqib aeroelasticity cwSaqib aeroelasticity cw
Saqib aeroelasticity cw
 
Center of mass_&_rocket_propulsion
Center of mass_&_rocket_propulsionCenter of mass_&_rocket_propulsion
Center of mass_&_rocket_propulsion
 
Equations_3_Industrial Instrumentation - Temperature & Level Measurement Impo...
Equations_3_Industrial Instrumentation - Temperature & Level Measurement Impo...Equations_3_Industrial Instrumentation - Temperature & Level Measurement Impo...
Equations_3_Industrial Instrumentation - Temperature & Level Measurement Impo...
 
Restricted boltzmann machine
Restricted boltzmann machineRestricted boltzmann machine
Restricted boltzmann machine
 
Is there Life on Mars? a Sample Return Mission Concept
Is there Life on Mars? a Sample Return Mission ConceptIs there Life on Mars? a Sample Return Mission Concept
Is there Life on Mars? a Sample Return Mission Concept
 
Gravitational Fields
Gravitational FieldsGravitational Fields
Gravitational Fields
 
Quantum Assignment Help
Quantum Assignment HelpQuantum Assignment Help
Quantum Assignment Help
 
Quantum state
Quantum stateQuantum state
Quantum state
 
cinematica de particulas
cinematica de particulascinematica de particulas
cinematica de particulas
 
Fi ck law
Fi ck lawFi ck law
Fi ck law
 
Engineering Analysis -Third Class.ppsx
Engineering Analysis -Third Class.ppsxEngineering Analysis -Third Class.ppsx
Engineering Analysis -Third Class.ppsx
 
3 151010205457-lva1-app6892
3 151010205457-lva1-app68923 151010205457-lva1-app6892
3 151010205457-lva1-app6892
 
3 151010205457-lva1-app6892
3 151010205457-lva1-app68923 151010205457-lva1-app6892
3 151010205457-lva1-app6892
 
3 EDL.pdf
3 EDL.pdf3 EDL.pdf
3 EDL.pdf
 
(S.h.m & waves).(reflection & refrection).(interferenc) prove s & important ...
(S.h.m & waves).(reflection & refrection).(interferenc)  prove s & important ...(S.h.m & waves).(reflection & refrection).(interferenc)  prove s & important ...
(S.h.m & waves).(reflection & refrection).(interferenc) prove s & important ...
 
A2 PHYSICS - Notes.pdf
A2 PHYSICS - Notes.pdfA2 PHYSICS - Notes.pdf
A2 PHYSICS - Notes.pdf
 
Lecture20
Lecture20Lecture20
Lecture20
 
Ch08 ssm
Ch08 ssmCh08 ssm
Ch08 ssm
 
Planetary Atmospheres I
Planetary Atmospheres IPlanetary Atmospheres I
Planetary Atmospheres I
 

Recently uploaded

Lipids: types, structure and important functions.
Lipids: types, structure and important functions.Lipids: types, structure and important functions.
Lipids: types, structure and important functions.Cherry
 
Plasmid: types, structure and functions.
Plasmid: types, structure and functions.Plasmid: types, structure and functions.
Plasmid: types, structure and functions.Cherry
 
Cyathodium bryophyte: morphology, anatomy, reproduction etc.
Cyathodium bryophyte: morphology, anatomy, reproduction etc.Cyathodium bryophyte: morphology, anatomy, reproduction etc.
Cyathodium bryophyte: morphology, anatomy, reproduction etc.Cherry
 
Taphonomy and Quality of the Fossil Record
Taphonomy and Quality of the  Fossil RecordTaphonomy and Quality of the  Fossil Record
Taphonomy and Quality of the Fossil RecordSangram Sahoo
 
COMPOSTING : types of compost, merits and demerits
COMPOSTING : types of compost, merits and demeritsCOMPOSTING : types of compost, merits and demerits
COMPOSTING : types of compost, merits and demeritsCherry
 
ONLINE VOTING SYSTEM SE Project for vote
ONLINE VOTING SYSTEM SE Project for voteONLINE VOTING SYSTEM SE Project for vote
ONLINE VOTING SYSTEM SE Project for voteRaunakRastogi4
 
Cyanide resistant respiration pathway.pptx
Cyanide resistant respiration pathway.pptxCyanide resistant respiration pathway.pptx
Cyanide resistant respiration pathway.pptxCherry
 
Cot curve, melting temperature, unique and repetitive DNA
Cot curve, melting temperature, unique and repetitive DNACot curve, melting temperature, unique and repetitive DNA
Cot curve, melting temperature, unique and repetitive DNACherry
 
Dr. E. Muralinath_ Blood indices_clinical aspects
Dr. E. Muralinath_ Blood indices_clinical  aspectsDr. E. Muralinath_ Blood indices_clinical  aspects
Dr. E. Muralinath_ Blood indices_clinical aspectsmuralinath2
 
Site specific recombination and transposition.........pdf
Site specific recombination and transposition.........pdfSite specific recombination and transposition.........pdf
Site specific recombination and transposition.........pdfCherry
 
Fourth quarter science 9-Kinetic-and-Potential-Energy.pptx
Fourth quarter science 9-Kinetic-and-Potential-Energy.pptxFourth quarter science 9-Kinetic-and-Potential-Energy.pptx
Fourth quarter science 9-Kinetic-and-Potential-Energy.pptxrosenapiri1
 
GBSN - Microbiology (Unit 5) Concept of isolation
GBSN - Microbiology (Unit 5) Concept of isolationGBSN - Microbiology (Unit 5) Concept of isolation
GBSN - Microbiology (Unit 5) Concept of isolationAreesha Ahmad
 
GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 3) Metabolism
GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 3) MetabolismGBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 3) Metabolism
GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 3) MetabolismAreesha Ahmad
 
development of diagnostic enzyme assay to detect leuser virus
development of diagnostic enzyme assay to detect leuser virusdevelopment of diagnostic enzyme assay to detect leuser virus
development of diagnostic enzyme assay to detect leuser virusNazaninKarimi6
 
(May 9, 2024) Enhanced Ultrafast Vector Flow Imaging (VFI) Using Multi-Angle ...
(May 9, 2024) Enhanced Ultrafast Vector Flow Imaging (VFI) Using Multi-Angle ...(May 9, 2024) Enhanced Ultrafast Vector Flow Imaging (VFI) Using Multi-Angle ...
(May 9, 2024) Enhanced Ultrafast Vector Flow Imaging (VFI) Using Multi-Angle ...Scintica Instrumentation
 
Pteris : features, anatomy, morphology and lifecycle
Pteris : features, anatomy, morphology and lifecyclePteris : features, anatomy, morphology and lifecycle
Pteris : features, anatomy, morphology and lifecycleCherry
 
POGONATUM : morphology, anatomy, reproduction etc.
POGONATUM : morphology, anatomy, reproduction etc.POGONATUM : morphology, anatomy, reproduction etc.
POGONATUM : morphology, anatomy, reproduction etc.Cherry
 
Genome sequencing,shotgun sequencing.pptx
Genome sequencing,shotgun sequencing.pptxGenome sequencing,shotgun sequencing.pptx
Genome sequencing,shotgun sequencing.pptxCherry
 
Major groups of bacteria: Spirochetes, Chlamydia, Rickettsia, nanobes, mycopl...
Major groups of bacteria: Spirochetes, Chlamydia, Rickettsia, nanobes, mycopl...Major groups of bacteria: Spirochetes, Chlamydia, Rickettsia, nanobes, mycopl...
Major groups of bacteria: Spirochetes, Chlamydia, Rickettsia, nanobes, mycopl...Cherry
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Lipids: types, structure and important functions.
Lipids: types, structure and important functions.Lipids: types, structure and important functions.
Lipids: types, structure and important functions.
 
Plasmid: types, structure and functions.
Plasmid: types, structure and functions.Plasmid: types, structure and functions.
Plasmid: types, structure and functions.
 
Cyathodium bryophyte: morphology, anatomy, reproduction etc.
Cyathodium bryophyte: morphology, anatomy, reproduction etc.Cyathodium bryophyte: morphology, anatomy, reproduction etc.
Cyathodium bryophyte: morphology, anatomy, reproduction etc.
 
ABHISHEK ANTIBIOTICS PPT MICROBIOLOGY // USES OF ANTIOBIOTICS TYPES OF ANTIB...
ABHISHEK ANTIBIOTICS PPT MICROBIOLOGY  // USES OF ANTIOBIOTICS TYPES OF ANTIB...ABHISHEK ANTIBIOTICS PPT MICROBIOLOGY  // USES OF ANTIOBIOTICS TYPES OF ANTIB...
ABHISHEK ANTIBIOTICS PPT MICROBIOLOGY // USES OF ANTIOBIOTICS TYPES OF ANTIB...
 
Taphonomy and Quality of the Fossil Record
Taphonomy and Quality of the  Fossil RecordTaphonomy and Quality of the  Fossil Record
Taphonomy and Quality of the Fossil Record
 
COMPOSTING : types of compost, merits and demerits
COMPOSTING : types of compost, merits and demeritsCOMPOSTING : types of compost, merits and demerits
COMPOSTING : types of compost, merits and demerits
 
ONLINE VOTING SYSTEM SE Project for vote
ONLINE VOTING SYSTEM SE Project for voteONLINE VOTING SYSTEM SE Project for vote
ONLINE VOTING SYSTEM SE Project for vote
 
Cyanide resistant respiration pathway.pptx
Cyanide resistant respiration pathway.pptxCyanide resistant respiration pathway.pptx
Cyanide resistant respiration pathway.pptx
 
Cot curve, melting temperature, unique and repetitive DNA
Cot curve, melting temperature, unique and repetitive DNACot curve, melting temperature, unique and repetitive DNA
Cot curve, melting temperature, unique and repetitive DNA
 
Dr. E. Muralinath_ Blood indices_clinical aspects
Dr. E. Muralinath_ Blood indices_clinical  aspectsDr. E. Muralinath_ Blood indices_clinical  aspects
Dr. E. Muralinath_ Blood indices_clinical aspects
 
Site specific recombination and transposition.........pdf
Site specific recombination and transposition.........pdfSite specific recombination and transposition.........pdf
Site specific recombination and transposition.........pdf
 
Fourth quarter science 9-Kinetic-and-Potential-Energy.pptx
Fourth quarter science 9-Kinetic-and-Potential-Energy.pptxFourth quarter science 9-Kinetic-and-Potential-Energy.pptx
Fourth quarter science 9-Kinetic-and-Potential-Energy.pptx
 
GBSN - Microbiology (Unit 5) Concept of isolation
GBSN - Microbiology (Unit 5) Concept of isolationGBSN - Microbiology (Unit 5) Concept of isolation
GBSN - Microbiology (Unit 5) Concept of isolation
 
GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 3) Metabolism
GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 3) MetabolismGBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 3) Metabolism
GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 3) Metabolism
 
development of diagnostic enzyme assay to detect leuser virus
development of diagnostic enzyme assay to detect leuser virusdevelopment of diagnostic enzyme assay to detect leuser virus
development of diagnostic enzyme assay to detect leuser virus
 
(May 9, 2024) Enhanced Ultrafast Vector Flow Imaging (VFI) Using Multi-Angle ...
(May 9, 2024) Enhanced Ultrafast Vector Flow Imaging (VFI) Using Multi-Angle ...(May 9, 2024) Enhanced Ultrafast Vector Flow Imaging (VFI) Using Multi-Angle ...
(May 9, 2024) Enhanced Ultrafast Vector Flow Imaging (VFI) Using Multi-Angle ...
 
Pteris : features, anatomy, morphology and lifecycle
Pteris : features, anatomy, morphology and lifecyclePteris : features, anatomy, morphology and lifecycle
Pteris : features, anatomy, morphology and lifecycle
 
POGONATUM : morphology, anatomy, reproduction etc.
POGONATUM : morphology, anatomy, reproduction etc.POGONATUM : morphology, anatomy, reproduction etc.
POGONATUM : morphology, anatomy, reproduction etc.
 
Genome sequencing,shotgun sequencing.pptx
Genome sequencing,shotgun sequencing.pptxGenome sequencing,shotgun sequencing.pptx
Genome sequencing,shotgun sequencing.pptx
 
Major groups of bacteria: Spirochetes, Chlamydia, Rickettsia, nanobes, mycopl...
Major groups of bacteria: Spirochetes, Chlamydia, Rickettsia, nanobes, mycopl...Major groups of bacteria: Spirochetes, Chlamydia, Rickettsia, nanobes, mycopl...
Major groups of bacteria: Spirochetes, Chlamydia, Rickettsia, nanobes, mycopl...
 

Física mecánica en los cohetes lee joel rivera guzmán

  • 1. Física Mecánica en los Cohetes Lee Joel Rivera Guzmán
  • 2. ¿Qué es un cohete? Es un vehículo aeronave o nave espacial que esta constituido por un motor donde obtiene su empuje por la reacción de la expulsión rápida de gases de combustión. Es utilizado para el transporte de satélites, suministros espaciales, astronautas o proyectiles dirigidos o balísticos. Sistema: Esta conformado por carga útil, sistemas de guía, propulsión (1, 2 y 3 etapas), motores y estructura.
  • 3. III Etapa II Etapa I Etapa Torre Salvamento Carga Útil Contenedor LEM Unidad Instrumentos Cono de Empalme Anillo de empalme Estabilizadores Motores
  • 4. Aplicación 1º Ley de Newton - Inercia Explica que si la fuerza total o resultante que actúa sobre un cuerpo, si esa fuerza es 0, quiere decir que todas las fuerzas sobre el se ANULAN, decimos que el cuerpo o en éste caso el cohete está o en reposo o MRU. Fuerza Motor Peso 𝑀𝑅𝑈 → 𝑎 = 0 Peso = Fuerza Motor g F. Normal 𝑅𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑜 → 𝑃 = 𝐹 𝑁𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙
  • 5. Aplicación La fuerza total y resultante que actúa sobre un cuerpo en este caso el cohete, va a ser igual a la masa de ese cuerpo por la aceleración. Veremos como se aplica esta ley al movimiento del cohete. 2º Ley de Newton - Fundamental F. peso F. Empuje Propulsión F. Resultante Acelera hacia arriba 𝐹𝑟 = 𝑚𝑐 × 𝑎𝑐 𝑎 = 𝐹𝑟 𝑚𝑐 𝐸. 𝑃 =? 𝐸. 𝑃 = 𝐸𝑝 − 𝑃 = 𝑚 × 𝑎 𝐸. 𝑃 = 𝐹𝑟 + 𝑃 → (𝑚 × 𝑔)
  • 6. Si hay un cuerpo que hace una fuerza sobre un segundo cuerpo entonces, el segundo cuerpo hace instantáneamente la misma fuerza sobre el primer cuerpo. Aplicación 3º Ley de Newton – Acción y Reacción → 𝐹1 −𝐹1 𝐹2 −𝐹2 = 𝐹12 = −𝐹21 F. Gases sobre el Cohete Peso E.P. F. Cohete sobre gases
  • 7. Velocidad de Escape Si yo tengo un objeto y lo lanzo hacia arriba, con cierta velocidad inicial, regresara a la superficie terrestre. ¿Por qué ocurre esto? r 𝑉𝑓 = 𝑉 𝑜 − 𝑔𝑡 𝐸. 𝑀 = 0 𝐸. C + E. P = 0 1 2 𝑚. 𝑉2 𝑒𝑠𝑐 − 𝐺𝑀𝑚 𝑟 = 0 𝑉𝑒𝑠𝑐 = 2𝐺𝑀 𝑟 𝑉𝑒𝑠𝑐 = 2(6,67×10−11𝑁𝑚2 𝐾𝑔2×5,98×1024𝐾𝑔) 6370×103𝑚 = 11.190,7 𝑚 𝑠 11.2 𝑘𝑚 𝑠
  • 8. → 𝑉 𝑣 + 𝑑𝑣 𝑚 − 𝑑𝑚 𝑢 𝑑𝑚 𝑚 𝑡 𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎 𝑃 = 𝑚𝑣 𝐹= 𝑑𝑝 𝑑𝑡 𝑃𝑡 = 𝑚𝑣 Momento lineal inicial 𝑃𝑡 + 𝑑𝑡 = (𝑚 − 𝑑𝑚)(𝑣+dv)+dm(𝑣 + 𝑢) 𝑃𝑡 + 𝑑𝑡 − 𝑝𝑡 = 𝑚𝑣 + 𝑚𝑑𝑣 − dm𝑣 − dmd𝑣 + dm𝑣 − dm𝑢 − m𝑣 d𝑝 = md𝑣 − dm𝑢 𝑣: 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜ℎ𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑢: Velocidad del combustible respecto al cohete 𝑣- 𝑢: Velocidad del combustible respecto a la Tierra
  • 9. 𝑑𝑝 = m 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑡 − 𝑢 𝑑𝑚 𝑑𝑡 𝐹 = 𝑑𝑝 𝑑𝑡 𝐹 = −𝑚𝑔𝑘 𝑉 = 𝑉𝑘 𝑈 = −𝑢𝑘 𝐹 = 𝑚 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑡 −𝑢 𝑑𝑚 𝑑𝑡 −𝑚𝑔 = 𝑚 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑡 + 𝑢 𝑑𝑚 𝑑𝑡 −𝑚𝑔𝑑𝑡 = 𝑚𝑑𝑣 + 𝑢 𝑑𝑚 −𝑚𝑔𝑑𝑡 𝑚 = 𝑚𝑑𝑣 𝑚 + 𝑢 𝑑𝑚 𝑚 −𝑔 0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡′ = 𝑣𝑜 𝑣𝑓 𝑑𝑣 + 𝑢 𝑚0 𝑚𝑓 𝑑𝑚 𝑚 −𝑔𝑡 = 𝑣𝑓 − 𝑣𝑜 + 𝑢 𝑙𝑛 𝑚 𝑚𝑓 𝑚𝑜 −𝑔𝑡 = 𝑣𝑓 − 𝑣𝑜 + 𝑢 𝑙𝑛 𝑚𝑓 − 𝑢 𝑙𝑛 𝑚𝑜 −𝑔𝑡 = 𝑣𝑓 − 𝑣𝑜 + 𝑢 𝑙𝑛 𝑚𝑓 𝑚𝑜 𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣𝑜 − 𝑔𝑡 + 𝑢 𝑙𝑛 𝑚𝑜 𝑚𝑓
  • 10. 𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣𝑜 − 𝑔𝑡 + 𝑢 𝑙𝑛 𝑚𝑜 𝑚𝑓 𝑉𝑜 = 0 𝑚 𝑠 ; 𝑡 = 1 100 𝑠 ; 𝑔 = 9,8 𝑚 𝑠2 𝑢 = 1 𝑘𝑚 𝑠 = 1000 𝑚 𝑠 ; 𝑀𝑜 = 1 ; 𝑀𝑓 = 0,1 𝑉𝑓 = 2302 𝑚 𝑠 ; le gana a − 𝑔𝑡
  • 11. Ejemplo r h 𝑔 = 𝐺𝑀 (𝑟 + ℎ)2 𝐹𝑔 = 𝐺𝑀𝑚 (𝑟 + ℎ)2 ; 𝑃 = 𝑚. 𝑔 El cohete está a 400 km de la tierra, es de h = 400.000 m 𝑔 = 6,67 × 10−11 × 5,98 × 1024𝑘𝑔 (6371 𝑘𝑚 + 400 𝑘𝑚)2 𝑔 = 8,7 𝑚 𝑠2 la gravedad disminuyó. 𝑔 = 9,8 𝑚/𝑠2 en la Tierra 𝑔 = 𝐺𝑀 (𝑟 + ℎ)2 𝑔 = 0 𝑚/𝑠2 𝐺𝑀 (𝑟 + ℎ)2 = 𝑔