The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) was established in 1945 and is a specialized agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger. FAO is headquartered in Rome, Italy and has 194 member states as well as the European Union and other related organizations. FAO aims to help eliminate hunger, improve agriculture and protect livelihoods through various programs related to food, agriculture, fisheries, forestry, and more. It produces statistics, guidelines, and publications to support its work.

1. Food and Agriculture
Organization
P.RAJA RAJAN
MFT 15077
DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES ECONOMICS

2. Introduction
Abbreviation FAO, ONUAA
Formation 16 October 1945, in Quebec City, Canada
Type Specialized Agency
Legal status Active
Headquartes Palazzo FAO, Rome, Italy
Head José Graziano da Silva (current)
Parent
organization
UN Economic and Social Council
Website www.fao.org
An intergovernmental organization.
FAO emblem with its Latin motto, Fiat
panis ("Let there be bread")

3. History
• Later in 1943, the United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt called
a United Nations Conference on Food and Agriculture.
Representatives from forty four governments gathered at The
Homestead Resort in Hot Springs, Virginia from 18 May to 3 June.
• They committed themselves to founding a permanent organization
for food and agriculture, which happened in Quebec City, Canada on
16 October 1945 with the conclusion of the Constitution of the Food
and Agriculture Organization
• The First Session of the FAO Conference was held in the Chateau
Frontenac at Quebec, Canada, from 16 October to 1 November 1945.

4. Structure
• FAO In 1951, its headquarters were moved from Washington, D.C.,
United States, to Rome, Italy.
• The FAO is comprised of 194 member-states, as well as the European
Union, Faroe Islands and Tokelau.
• Staff
As of 31 December 2015, FAO employed 1738 professional staff
and 1510 support staff.

5. FAO is composed of seven departments
1.Administration and Finance,
2.Agriculture and Consumer Protection,
3.Economic and Social Development,
4.Fisheries and Aquaculture,
5.Forestry,
6.Natural Resource Management and Environment,
7.Technical Cooperation.

6. World headquarters
Regional Office for
Africa, in Accra, Ghana
Regional Office for
Asia and the Pacific, in
Bangkok, Thailand
Regional Office for
Europe and Central
Asia, in Budapest,
Hungary
Regional Office for
Latin America and the
Caribbean, in Santiago,
Chile
Regional Office for the
Near East, in Cairo,
Egypt

7. 1. Sub-regional offices
2. Sub-regional Office for Central Africa (SFC), in Libreville, Gabon
3. Sub-regional Office for Central America (SLM), in Panama City, Panama
4. Sub-regional Office for Central and Eastern Europe, in Budapest, Hungary
5. Sub-regional Office for Central Asia, in Ankara, Turkey
6. Sub-regional Office for Eastern Africa (SFE), in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
7. Sub-regional Office for North Africa, in Tunis, Tunisia
8. Sub-regional Office for Southern Africa and East Africa, in Harare, Zimbabwe
9. Sub-regional Office for the Caribbean, in Bridgetown, Barbados
10. Sub-regional Office for the Pacific Islands, in Apia, Samoi
11. Sub-regional Office for Western Africa (SFW), in Accra, Ghana

8. Budget
FAO's Regular Programme budget is funded by its
members, through contributions set at the FAO
Conference.
This overall budget covers core technical work,
cooperation and partnerships,
1.leading to Food and Agriculture Outcomes at
71%;
2.Core Functions at 11%;
3.the Country Office Network – 5%;
4.Capital and Security Expenditure – 2%;
5.Administration – 6%;
6.Technical and Cooperation Program – 5%.
71%
11%
5%
2%
6%
5%
CHART TITLE
1 2 3 4 5 6

9. FAO goals
• Help eliminate hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition
• Make agriculture more productive and sustainable
• Reduce rural poverty
• Ensure inclusive and efficient agricultural and food
systems
• Protect livelihoods from disasters

10. Programmes and achievements
• Food
1.Codex Alimentarius
FAO and the World Health Organization created the Codex
Alimentarius Commission in 1961 to develop food standards.
2.World Food Summit
In 1996, FAO organised the World Food Summit, concluded with
the signing of the Rome Declaration, which established the goal
of halving the number of people who suffer from hunger by the
year 2015.

11. 3.Tele Food
In 1997, FAO launched TeleFood, a campaign of concerts,
sporting events and other activities to harness the power of
media, celebrities and concerned citizens to help fight hunger.
4.FAO Goodwill Ambassadors
The FAO Goodwill Ambassadors Programme was initiated in
1999. FAO's Goodwill Ambassadors – celebrities from the arts,
entertainment, sport and academia. They aim to make Food for
All a reality in the 21st century and beyond.

12. 5.Right to Food Guidelines
In 2004 the Right to Food Guidelines were adopted, offering
guidance to states on how to implement their obligations on the
right to food.
6.FAO–EU partnership
In May 2009, FAO and the European Union signed an initial aid
package worth €125 million to support small farmers in countries
hit hard by rising food prices.

13. Agriculture
1.International Plant Protection Convention
FAO created the International Plant Protection Convention or IPPC in
1952. This international treaty organization works to prevent the
international spread of pests and plant diseases.
2.Alliance Against Hunger and Malnutrition
The organization works to address about food security hunger and
malnutrition between local, regional, national and international
institutions.
3.Integrated pest management
During the 1990s, FAO took a leading role in the promotion of
integrated pest management for rice production in Asia.

14. 4.Transboundary pests and diseases
FAO established an Emergency Prevention System for
Transboundary Animal and Plant Pests and Diseases in 1994,
focusing on the control of diseases like rinderpest, foot-and-
mouth disease and avian flu by helping governments coordinate
their responses.
5.Global Partnership Initiative for Plant Breeding Capacity Building
The Global Partnership Initiative for Plant Breeding Capacity
Building (GIPB) is a global partnership dedicated to increasing
plant breeding capacity building.

15. Fisheries
• FAO’s role in fisheries
• FAO recognizes the importance of fish and its many associated
products for:
1. Food security and nutrition.
2. Economic growth through fish production and trade.
3. Poverty alleviation and the creation of employment opportunities in
rural areas.

16. FAO works with a wide range of partners, including
Governments, Regional Fisheries Bodies, cooperatives,
fishing communities and others on:
• Implementing the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries and the
Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries (EAF).
• Compiling and publishing the global capture production database,
including fleet, fishers and trade-related data.
• Reducing the negative impacts of fishing on the environment through
technological and community-based management solutions.
• Implementing the Port State and Flag State Measures Agreements to
prevent, deter and eliminate illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing.
• Assisting Members countries in disaster preparedness as well as providing
assistance to fishing communities affected by emergencies and natural
disasters.

17. • Supporting Member countries in developing and implementing
international guidelines relating to fisheries operations including
bycatch management and reduction of discards; eco-labelling and
traceability; reduction of fish loss and waste; and supply chain
efficiency.
• Improving understanding of the socio-economics of fisheries taking
into account value chain dynamics and market access, the status of
fisheries resources; access and user right; issues related to decent
work conditions and social protection; equitable revenue distribution
and profitability and value-addition

18. • In close collaboration with intergovernmental organizations (e.g.
CITES, CMS, IUCN and NGOs), implementing the International Plans of
Action (IPOA) for: Reducing Incidental Catch of Seabirds in Longline
Fisheries; Conservation and Management of Sharks; Management of
Fishing Capacity; and Prevent, Deter, and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported
and Unregulated Fishing.
• Raising the profile of inland fisheries due to its importance for food
security and poverty alleviation.

19. • Providing assistance in disaster preparedness planning and in dealing
with the impacts of climate change at the national, regional and
international levels as well as assisting fishing communities affected
by natural disasters and prolonged emergencies.
• Recognizing small-scale fisheries as a fundamental contributor to
poverty alleviation and food security, FAO supports the development
of the sector, including through the development of a dedicated
instrument the voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-
Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty
Eradication

20. Major FAO outputs in fisheries
• Compilations of global catch, fleet and employment statistics by country and
information about stock status and bio-ecological characteristics of commercially
exploited aquatic species.
• Compilation and dissemination of worldwide fish price reports, market studies
and trend analysis.
• Publications on fisheries, providing up-to-date information that is valuable to
both developed and developing countries.
• Publication of global stock status reviews and bio-ecological information on
aquatic species.
• Guidelines for Members countries about the use of local ecological knowledge
and participatory approaches in fisheries management.
• Global fisheries statistical and data standards to improve data exchange and
integration through partnerships with regional and national institutions.

21. Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries
• To promote long-term conservation and sustainable use of fisheries
resources, following a call from the International Conference on
Responsible Fishing (1992) to strengthen the international legal
framework for more effective conservation, management and
sustainable exploitation and production of living aquatic resources,
the 1995 FAO Conference adopted the FAO Code of Conduct for
Responsible Fisheries .
• principles of the Code of Conduct will lead to an improved and
sustainable economic, social and environmental contribution of the
fisheries sector.

22. Main programmes for CCRF implementation
1.International Plans of Action
• International Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks
(IPOA-Sharks)
• International Plan of Action to Prevent, Deter, and Eliminate Illegal,
Unreported and Unregulated Fishing (IPOA-IUU)
• International Plan of Action for the Management of Fishing Capacity (IPOA-
Capacity)
• International Plan of Action for Reducing Incidental Catch of Seabirds in
Longline Fisheries (IPOA-Seabirds)
• Global Partnerships for Responsible Fisheries (Fish Code)

23. • 2.Programmes supporting knowledge dissemination, global
databases and information networks
• Statistics - Introduction
• Coordinating Working Party on Fisheries Statistics (CWP)
• FISHCODE STF - Strategy for Improving Information on Status and Trends of
Capture Fisheries
• Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA)
• Fisheries and Resources Monitoring System (FIRMS)
• Fisheries Global Information System (FIGIS)
• FAO Fish Finder, the Species Identification and Data Programme
• GLOBEFISH - Analysis and information on world fish trade
• Global Record of Fishing Vessels, Refrigerated Transport Vessels and Supply
Vessels

24. 3.Programmes supporting management and conservation
• Capacity building for an Ecosystem Approach: considering Interaction,
including with Marine Mammals
• Deep-sea high seas fisheries
• EAF-Nansen Project
• FAO activities in relation to CITES and commercially exploited aquatic species
• Marine Protected Areas as a Tool for Fisheries Management (MPAs)
• REBYC - Reduction of Environmental Impact from Tropical Shrimp Trawling,
through the Introduction of By-catch Reduction Technologies and Change of
Management

25. International Plan of Action for Conservation
and Management of Sharks
• The International Plan of Action for Conservation and Management of
Sharks (IPOA-SHARKS) was developed through the meeting of a
Technical Working Group on the Conservation and Management of
Sharks in Tokyo from 23 to 27 April 1998.
• Shark Fin
• To identify shark species from shark fin shapes.
• The software was developed by FAO in collaboration with the University of
Vigo with financial support from the Government of Japan and the
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and
Flora (CITES).

26. International Plan of Action to Prevent, Deter, and
Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated
Fishing
• The IPOA-IUU was developed as a voluntary instrument, within the
framework of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries, in response to
a call from the Twenty-third Session of the Committee on Fisheries (COFI).
• The IPOA-IUU was adopted by consensus at the Twenty-fourth Session of
COFI on 2 March 2001.
• Mission
• The objective of the IPOA is to prevent, deter and eliminate IUU fishing by
providing all States with comprehensive, effective and transparent
measures by which to act, including through appropriate regional fisheries
management organizations established in accordance with international
law.

27. International Plan of Action for the
Management of Fishing Capacity
• FAO organized a Technical Working Group on the Management of Fishing
Capacity in La Jolla, USA, from 15 to 18 April 1998.
• Mission
• The immediate objective of the International Plan of Action for the
Management of Fishing Capacity (IPOA-CAPACITY) is for States and regional
fisheries organizations,
• To achieve world-wide preferably by 2003, but not later than 2005, an
efficient, equitable and transparent management of fishing capacity.
• Inter alia, States and regional fisheries organizations confronted with an
overcapacity problem, where capacity is undermining achievement of long-
term sustainability outcomes, should endeavour initially to limit at present
level and progressively reduce the fishing capacity applied to affected
fisheries.

28. International Plan of Action for Reducing
Incidental Catch of Seabirds in Longline Fisheries
• The International Plan of Action for reducing incidental catch of
seabirds in longline fisheries (IPOA-SEABIRDS) has been developed
through the meeting of a Technical Working Group in Tokyo 25-27
March 1998.
• Mission
• The objective of the IPOA-SEABIRDS is to reduce the incidental catch
of seabirds in longline fisheries where this occurs.

29. Global Partnerships for Responsible Fisheries (Fish
Code)
• Fish Code was established by the FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture
Department as a special programme of Global Partnerships for Responsible
Fisheries.
• Mission
• The overall Fish Code Programme objective is to raise the economic, social
and nutritional benefits obtained from the fisheries and aquaculture,
especially in developing countries, through the adoption of responsible
development, management and conservation practices, including improved
institutional and legal arrangements.
• The Fish Code activities to promote improved understanding and
application of any and all aspects of the CCRF, under the framework of the
Fish Code Programme.

30. Coordinating Working Party on Fishery
Statistics (CWP)
• Mission
• CWP) provides a mechanism to coordinate fishery statistical programmes
of regional fishery bodies and other inter-governmental organizations with
a remit for fishery statistics.
• Since 1960, the CWP's purpose is to: continually review fishery statistics
requirements for research, policy-making and management;
• agree on standard concepts, definitions, classifications and methodologies
for the collection and collation of fishery statistics;
• make proposals for the coordination and streamlining of statistical
activities among relevant intergovernmental organizations.
• CWP were amended and approved by the FAO Council at Eighth Session in
June 1995.

31. FISHCODE STF - Strategy for Improving Information
on Status and Trends of Capture Fisheries
• The Strategy for Improving Information on Status and Trends of Capture
Fisheries (STF) was adopted by FAO on 28 February 2003.
• Objectives
• Setting up a global inventory of fish stocks and fisheries
• Development of data collection systems for small-scale and multispecies fisheries
• Development of criteria and methods for ensuring information quality and security
• Development of arrangements for the provision and exchange of information
• Support to and participation in the Fisheries Global Information System (FIGIS)
• Sustaining data collection and information systems
• Expanding the scope of information on status and trends of fisheries, including the
need to incorporate ecosystem considerations into fisheries management
• Capacity-building in developing countries
• Participation in working groups in assessing the status and trends of fisheries

32. Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA)
• “The overall objective of ASFA co-operation is to develop and
maintain a service for the collection and dissemination of
information on the science, technology and management of marine,
brackish water and fresh water environments, organisms and
resources, including economic, sociological and legal aspects, The
service shall include a computer searchable bibliographic database,
associated printed abstracts journals and the relevant tools for the
control of the system and aids to its use. .”

33. Fisheries and Resources Monitoring System
(FIRMS)
• Objectives
• The primary aim of the Fisheries and Resources Monitoring System
(FIRMS) is to provide access to a wide range of high-quality
information on the global monitoring and management of fishery
marine resources.

34. Fisheries Global Information System (FIGIS)
• With the adoption by the Committee on Fisheries of the Strategy for
Improving Information on Status and Trends of Capture Fisheries (STF) on
28 February 2003, FIGIS becomes one of the privileged tools for its
implementation.
• Objectives
• To promote policy change towards the sustainable development of the
world's fishery resources by highlighting major issues, presenting possible
solutions and providing the best scientific information available;
• To offer a single and unique entry point to an integrated system comprising
strategic data, information, analyses and reviews of issues and trends on a
broad range of fisheries subjects;
• To provide integrated, quality-controlled, harmonized, streamlined and
comprehensive information.

35. FAO Fish Finder, the Species Identification and
Data Programme
• Objectives
• Provide and disseminate tools to
facilitate species identification in
fisheries, and in so doing, improve
fisheries data quality.
• Provide a global and coherent
system of scientific and common
nomenclature.
• Outputs
• Publications on species
identification
o Regional Guides
o Field Guides
o Catalogues
o CD-ROMs
o Synopses (books, CD Rom, internet)
o Fact sheets available on the web
• Species distribution maps
• Scientific illustrations

36. GLOBEFISH - Analysis and information on world
fish trade
• Our services
• Market Research
• GLOBEFISH provides up-to-date coverage of global seafood market
developments by its close contact with the fishery industry and its
statistical information sources.
• Dissemination of information, news, statistics and prices is achieved in
several ways; through various GLOBEFISH publications and periodicals,
through the GLOBEFISH website, and through the FISHINFONetwork (FIN)
magazines.
• GLOBEFISH's key publications include fish price reports (European Fish
Price Report), market studies (GLOBEFISH Research Programme), trend
analysis (GLOBEFISH Highlights) and statistics (Commodity Updates).

39. Global Record of Fishing Vessels, Refrigerated
Transport Vessels and Supply Vessels
• The Global Record was endorsed by the FAO member States through the
FAO Committee on Fisheries (COFI) as one of the main global tools to fight
IUU fishing.
• The Global Record of Fishing Vessels Refrigerated Transport Vessels and
Supply Vessels (Global Record) is a voluntary, phased and collaborative
global initiative intending to make information available on vessel
identification and other relevant data with the aim of providing a reliable
and rapid way to contrast data with other sources. Fishing vessels are
included but also other vessels involved in fishing operations are included.
• The main objective of the Global Record is to provide a powerful tool to
prevent, deter and eradicate the Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU)
fishing activities, making it more difficult for vessels operating outside the
law.

40. Capacity building for an Ecosystem Approach:
considering Interaction, including with Marine
Mammals
• The Project “Capacity Building for an Ecosystem Approach:
Considering Interactions, including with Marine Mammals” was
funded by the Government of Japan, was established in 2004.
• The overall goal of the project is to contribute to the development of
capacity of member countries in the implementation of ecosystem
approaches to fisheries management (EAF).

41. Deep-sea high seas fisheries
• Balancing the conservation of deep-sea habitats and marine
resources and sustainable fishing practices in the high seas depends,
more than in any other marine area, on the willingness of flag States
and vessel operators to adopt sustainable and responsible
management strategies.
• Yet the complex nature of these areas and the legal framework for
governance pose significant management challenges.

42. FAO activities in relation to CITES and
commercially exploited aquatic species
• CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
of Wild Fauna and Flora) is an international agreement among
governments to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild
animals and plants does not threaten their survival. The Convention
entered into force on 1 July 1975 and currently has a membership of
173 countries.
• Roughly 5 000 species of animals and 28 000 species of plants are
protected by CITES (see CITES general overview).

43. Marine Protected Areas as a Tool for Fisheries
Management (MPAs)
• The plan of implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) -
Johannesburg, 2004 - includes the use marine protected areas (MPAs) as an instrument
that contributes to the conservation and management of the oceans.
• Noting the increasing effort to use marine protected areas in a fisheries management
context, the 26th Session of the FAO Committee of Fisheries (2005) recommended
specific actions for FAO to assist States in meeting their WSSD commitments, in
particular the establishment of representative networks of MPAs by 2012, and to
increase knowledge on MPAs in a fisheries management context.
• This web site is part of the programme implemented by FAO for a better understanding
of the contribution of MPAs to fisheries management, and the identification and
promotion of best practices and integrated approaches to MPAs. A set of current issues
regarding the use of MPAs as a tool for fisheries management is introduced, including
links to external internet resources of interest. A specific section presents the guidelines
being prepared by FAO, on the design, implementation and testing of MPAs.

44. REBYC - Reduction of Environmental Impact from Tropical Shrimp Trawling,
through the Introduction of By-catch Reduction Technologies and Change of
Management
• Its objective is to reduce the environmental impact arising from
commercial shrimp trawl fisheries in tropical countries, and
particularly to minimize:
• the capture and discard of unwanted catch and bycatch (including non-fish
species such as turtles), and
• the impact of shrimp-trawling on bottom habitat.
• Approaches The project aims to do so through:
• The introduction of more appropriate fishing technologies,
• Improved legislation and
• Improved management frameworks (including control and enforcement
strategies).