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FIRST AID &
BANDAGING
First Aid
The immediate care given to a
person/victim who has suddenly become
ill or has been injured.
Role of First Aider
• Bridge the gap between the time of the accident
and the arrival of the physician.
• Ends when medical assistance begins.
• Doesn’t intend to compete with or take place of
the physician.
Objectives of First Aid
• To prolong life
• To alleviate suffering
• To prevent further or added injury
Characteristic of a Good First Aider
• Observant- notice all signs
• Resourceful- make best use of all things
• Gentle- shouldn’t cause pain
• Tactful- shouldn’t be alarming
• Sympathetic- should be comforting
• Tweezers
• Medical tape
• Splints
• Tongue depressor
First Aid kit
• Rubbing Alcohol
• Povidone Iodine
• Hydrogen Peroxide
• Cotton
• Cotton swab
• Band aid
• Gauge pads
• Gloves
• Bandage (triangular) Elastic
Roller bandage
• Penlight
• Safety pins
• Forceps
• Scissors
fall in the supply of
blood to their brain that
results in the temporary
loss of consciousness.
FAINTING Signs & Symptoms
- caused by a sudden • Sweating
• Dizziness
• Nausea
• Weakness
• Paleness
• Ringing in the ears
• Blurred vision
Conditions Requiring First Aid
First Aid
• Lay the person flat on the
ground. Elevate the legs
to coax more blood into
your brain.
• If person is on chair, push
his head down between
his knees.
• Loosen tight clothing.
• Avoid crowding the
patient.
• Call a doctor if necessary.
Conditions Requiring First Aid
NOSE BLEED
-occurs when a small blood
vessel in the lining of the
nose bursts. It very common
in children and often result
from harmless activities such
as your child picking their
nose, blowing it too hard or
too often or from getting
knocked on the nose during
play.
First Aid
• Sit down and lean forward
slightly.
• Pinch the lower part of the
nostrils just below the bony part
of the nose for 10minutes while
breathing through the mouth.
• Release nostrils slowly, repeat
procedure if bleeding continue.
• Do not touch or blow the nose for
about 24hrs. Do not pact the
affected nostrils with cotton.
• Bring patient to hospital if
necessary.
Wounds
• Break in the
continuity of a tissue
either external or
external.
CLASSIFICATION
• Closed (internal)
• Open (external)
• Explosion
Signs & Symptoms
• Pain
• Swelling
• Discoloration
• Hematoma
• Uncontrolled restlessness
• Thirst
• Shock
• Vomiting
Closed Wound
The types of closed wounds are:
• Contusions, more commonly known
as bruises, caused by a blunt force
trauma that damages tissue under
the skin.
• Strained Muscles- Over-stretching of
muscles that have not been
sufficiently warmed-up (could be
called "cold" muscles).
• Sprained Ligament- Sudden force
causing joint to move beyond its
natural range of movement e.g. to
break one's fall at speed during an
activity such as ice-skating.
First Aid
• Rest the affected area
• Ice application or cold
compress
• Compression over the
affected area
• Elevate the affected area
above the heart
Open Wound
• Abrasions (grazes), superficial
wounds in which the topmost layer of
the skin (the epidermis) is scraped off.
• Lacerations are jagged, irregular, or
blunt breaks or tears in the soft
tissues.
• Avulsion is forcible separation or
tearing of tissue from the victim’s
body.
• Incised wounds, or cuts in-body tissues are
commonly caused by knives, metal edges, broken
glass, or other sharp objects commonly cause
incised wounds, or cuts, in-body tissues.
• Puncture wounds are caused by a sharp object
that penetrates the skin.
Open Wound
The major principles of open-wound
treatment are to:
• Control bleeding.
– Direct pressure
– Elevation
• Prevent further contamination of the
wound (wound dressing & bandaging)
• Immobilize the injured part.
• Stabilize any impaled object.
First Aid
Fracture
• a medical condition in which there is a break in the
continuity of the bone. A bone fracture can be the
result of high force impact or stress, or trivial injury
as a result of certain medical conditions that weaken
the bones
Types of Fracture
• Greenstick fracture: an incomplete
fracture in which the bone is bent.
• Transverse fracture: a fracture at a
right angle to the bone's axis.
• Spiral fracture: a fracture in which
the break has a curved or sloped
pattern.
• Comminuted fracture: a fracture in
which the bone fragments into
several pieces.
• Compound fracture - meaning the
bone ends are no longer touching.
Signs and Symptoms
• Pain and swelling at the fracture site.
• Tenderness close to the fracture.
• Paleness and deformity (sometimes).
• Loss of pulse below the fracture, usually in an extremity (this
is an emergency).
• Numbness, tingling or paralysis below the fracture (rare; this
is an emergency).
• Bleeding or bruising at the site.
• Weakness and inability to bear weight.
First Aid
• Initial treatment for fractures of the arms, legs, hands
and feet in the field include splinting the extremity in
the position it is found, elevation and ice.
Immobilization will be very helpful with initial pain
control.
BANDAGING
Bandaging
Bandages have three key uses: applying pressure to
bleeding wounds; covering wounds and burns; and
providing support and immobilization for broken
bones, sprains, and strains. These includes gauze,
triangular, Elastic, and tubular bandage.
Head Top (for head injuries)
• Fold the base at least 2-3”
• Place folded base aligned with
eyebrows
• Pull back and cross-over at the
back, tucking apex beneath
• Pull both ends in front/secure
with a square knot at the
center of the folded base/tuck
ends
• Pull down apex (tuck sides
neatly)
• Tuck apex neatly at cross-over
area
Chest Bandage
• Apex at the shoulder of
injured part
• Pull back folded base and
secure with square knot at
the center indention of the
back.
• Knot/tie longer end with
apex
Hand Bandage
• Place the hand in the
middle of the triangular
bandage with the wrist at
the base of the
• Place the apex over the
fingers and tuck any excess
material into the pleats on
each side of the hand
• Cross the ends on top of
the hand, take them
around the wrist, and tie
them with a square knot.
Arm Sling
• Place folded base vertically
over
• One arm, with pointed
directly under the elbow of
injured arm
• Lower ends of base at the
side of the neck using a
square knot
• Make several twist with
apex and tie a knot
• Hide the knot
Underarm Sling
• Same procedure as arm
sling except that the lower
end of the base is tucked
under the injured arm.
• Secure end of base and
apex with a square knot
the center indention at the
back.
Cravat Bandage for Forehead
• Place the center of the
cravat over the compress
covering the wound.
• Carry the ends around to
the opposite side of the
head, cross them. Bring
them back to the staring
point and tie them.
• Place the center of the cravat over the
compress covering the wound.
• Carry the ends around to the neck, cross
them. Bring them back to the starting point
and tie them loosely.
Cravat Bandage for the Neck
• Use the wide cravat. Start with the
middle of the cravat over the
compress covering the cheek or
the ear.
• Carry one end over the top of the
head and the other under the
chin.
• Cross the ends at the opposite
side.
• Bring the short end back around
the forehead and the long end
around the back of the head.
• Tie them down over the compress
Cravat Bandage for the Cheek or Ears
Cravat Bandage for the Eye
• Lay center of the first cravat
over top of he with the front
end falling over uninjured
eye.
• Bring second cravat around
head, over eyes, and over
loose ends of first cravat. Tie
in front
• Bring ends of first cravat back
over top of head, tying there
and pulling second cravat up
and away form uninjured eye.
Cravat for Elbow
• Bend arm at elbow and
place center of cravat at
point of elbow
• Bring ends up and across
each other in overlapping
spiral turns. Continue one
end up arm and the other
end down forearm.
• Bring ends to front of elbow
and tie.
Cravat for the Knee
• Start on top of the knees.
• Cross over and twist 2-3
times under the knee.
• Cross over on top/pull
ends to opposite sides.
• Secure with a square knot
under the knee
Cravat for the Forearm, Arm, Leg and
Thigh
• Place center of cravat over the
dressing
• Begin ascending turns wit
upper end and descending
turns with lower end, with
each turn covering two-third
of preceding turn until
dressing is covered.
• Terminate by tying both ends
in square knot.
Shoulder Armpit Cravat
• Start at the armpit.
• Cross-over at injured
shoulder
• Tie at the opposite armpit
(side of front)

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  • 2. First Aid The immediate care given to a person/victim who has suddenly become ill or has been injured.
  • 3. Role of First Aider • Bridge the gap between the time of the accident and the arrival of the physician. • Ends when medical assistance begins. • Doesn’t intend to compete with or take place of the physician.
  • 4. Objectives of First Aid • To prolong life • To alleviate suffering • To prevent further or added injury
  • 5. Characteristic of a Good First Aider • Observant- notice all signs • Resourceful- make best use of all things • Gentle- shouldn’t cause pain • Tactful- shouldn’t be alarming • Sympathetic- should be comforting
  • 6. • Tweezers • Medical tape • Splints • Tongue depressor First Aid kit • Rubbing Alcohol • Povidone Iodine • Hydrogen Peroxide • Cotton • Cotton swab • Band aid • Gauge pads • Gloves • Bandage (triangular) Elastic Roller bandage • Penlight • Safety pins • Forceps • Scissors
  • 7. fall in the supply of blood to their brain that results in the temporary loss of consciousness. FAINTING Signs & Symptoms - caused by a sudden • Sweating • Dizziness • Nausea • Weakness • Paleness • Ringing in the ears • Blurred vision Conditions Requiring First Aid
  • 8. First Aid • Lay the person flat on the ground. Elevate the legs to coax more blood into your brain. • If person is on chair, push his head down between his knees. • Loosen tight clothing. • Avoid crowding the patient. • Call a doctor if necessary.
  • 9. Conditions Requiring First Aid NOSE BLEED -occurs when a small blood vessel in the lining of the nose bursts. It very common in children and often result from harmless activities such as your child picking their nose, blowing it too hard or too often or from getting knocked on the nose during play.
  • 10. First Aid • Sit down and lean forward slightly. • Pinch the lower part of the nostrils just below the bony part of the nose for 10minutes while breathing through the mouth. • Release nostrils slowly, repeat procedure if bleeding continue. • Do not touch or blow the nose for about 24hrs. Do not pact the affected nostrils with cotton. • Bring patient to hospital if necessary.
  • 11. Wounds • Break in the continuity of a tissue either external or external. CLASSIFICATION • Closed (internal) • Open (external) • Explosion Signs & Symptoms • Pain • Swelling • Discoloration • Hematoma • Uncontrolled restlessness • Thirst • Shock • Vomiting
  • 12. Closed Wound The types of closed wounds are: • Contusions, more commonly known as bruises, caused by a blunt force trauma that damages tissue under the skin. • Strained Muscles- Over-stretching of muscles that have not been sufficiently warmed-up (could be called "cold" muscles). • Sprained Ligament- Sudden force causing joint to move beyond its natural range of movement e.g. to break one's fall at speed during an activity such as ice-skating.
  • 13. First Aid • Rest the affected area • Ice application or cold compress • Compression over the affected area • Elevate the affected area above the heart
  • 14. Open Wound • Abrasions (grazes), superficial wounds in which the topmost layer of the skin (the epidermis) is scraped off. • Lacerations are jagged, irregular, or blunt breaks or tears in the soft tissues. • Avulsion is forcible separation or tearing of tissue from the victim’s body.
  • 15. • Incised wounds, or cuts in-body tissues are commonly caused by knives, metal edges, broken glass, or other sharp objects commonly cause incised wounds, or cuts, in-body tissues. • Puncture wounds are caused by a sharp object that penetrates the skin. Open Wound
  • 16. The major principles of open-wound treatment are to: • Control bleeding. – Direct pressure – Elevation • Prevent further contamination of the wound (wound dressing & bandaging) • Immobilize the injured part. • Stabilize any impaled object. First Aid
  • 17. Fracture • a medical condition in which there is a break in the continuity of the bone. A bone fracture can be the result of high force impact or stress, or trivial injury as a result of certain medical conditions that weaken the bones
  • 18. Types of Fracture • Greenstick fracture: an incomplete fracture in which the bone is bent. • Transverse fracture: a fracture at a right angle to the bone's axis. • Spiral fracture: a fracture in which the break has a curved or sloped pattern. • Comminuted fracture: a fracture in which the bone fragments into several pieces. • Compound fracture - meaning the bone ends are no longer touching.
  • 19. Signs and Symptoms • Pain and swelling at the fracture site. • Tenderness close to the fracture. • Paleness and deformity (sometimes). • Loss of pulse below the fracture, usually in an extremity (this is an emergency). • Numbness, tingling or paralysis below the fracture (rare; this is an emergency). • Bleeding or bruising at the site. • Weakness and inability to bear weight.
  • 20. First Aid • Initial treatment for fractures of the arms, legs, hands and feet in the field include splinting the extremity in the position it is found, elevation and ice. Immobilization will be very helpful with initial pain control.
  • 22. Bandaging Bandages have three key uses: applying pressure to bleeding wounds; covering wounds and burns; and providing support and immobilization for broken bones, sprains, and strains. These includes gauze, triangular, Elastic, and tubular bandage.
  • 23. Head Top (for head injuries) • Fold the base at least 2-3” • Place folded base aligned with eyebrows • Pull back and cross-over at the back, tucking apex beneath • Pull both ends in front/secure with a square knot at the center of the folded base/tuck ends • Pull down apex (tuck sides neatly) • Tuck apex neatly at cross-over area
  • 24. Chest Bandage • Apex at the shoulder of injured part • Pull back folded base and secure with square knot at the center indention of the back. • Knot/tie longer end with apex
  • 25. Hand Bandage • Place the hand in the middle of the triangular bandage with the wrist at the base of the • Place the apex over the fingers and tuck any excess material into the pleats on each side of the hand • Cross the ends on top of the hand, take them around the wrist, and tie them with a square knot.
  • 26. Arm Sling • Place folded base vertically over • One arm, with pointed directly under the elbow of injured arm • Lower ends of base at the side of the neck using a square knot • Make several twist with apex and tie a knot • Hide the knot
  • 27. Underarm Sling • Same procedure as arm sling except that the lower end of the base is tucked under the injured arm. • Secure end of base and apex with a square knot the center indention at the back.
  • 28. Cravat Bandage for Forehead • Place the center of the cravat over the compress covering the wound. • Carry the ends around to the opposite side of the head, cross them. Bring them back to the staring point and tie them.
  • 29. • Place the center of the cravat over the compress covering the wound. • Carry the ends around to the neck, cross them. Bring them back to the starting point and tie them loosely. Cravat Bandage for the Neck
  • 30. • Use the wide cravat. Start with the middle of the cravat over the compress covering the cheek or the ear. • Carry one end over the top of the head and the other under the chin. • Cross the ends at the opposite side. • Bring the short end back around the forehead and the long end around the back of the head. • Tie them down over the compress Cravat Bandage for the Cheek or Ears
  • 31. Cravat Bandage for the Eye • Lay center of the first cravat over top of he with the front end falling over uninjured eye. • Bring second cravat around head, over eyes, and over loose ends of first cravat. Tie in front • Bring ends of first cravat back over top of head, tying there and pulling second cravat up and away form uninjured eye.
  • 32. Cravat for Elbow • Bend arm at elbow and place center of cravat at point of elbow • Bring ends up and across each other in overlapping spiral turns. Continue one end up arm and the other end down forearm. • Bring ends to front of elbow and tie.
  • 33. Cravat for the Knee • Start on top of the knees. • Cross over and twist 2-3 times under the knee. • Cross over on top/pull ends to opposite sides. • Secure with a square knot under the knee
  • 34. Cravat for the Forearm, Arm, Leg and Thigh • Place center of cravat over the dressing • Begin ascending turns wit upper end and descending turns with lower end, with each turn covering two-third of preceding turn until dressing is covered. • Terminate by tying both ends in square knot.
  • 35. Shoulder Armpit Cravat • Start at the armpit. • Cross-over at injured shoulder • Tie at the opposite armpit (side of front)