The document provides information about first aid seminar including the ABCs of first aid, evaluating an emergency situation, common medical emergencies like seizures and chest pain, injuries like bleeding and fractures, and performing CPR. Key steps in first aid include assessing for dangers, checking the victim's response, opening the airway, checking breathing and circulation, treating based on condition found, and calling for emergency help. Proper first aid can help save lives until emergency responders arrive.

1. FIRST AID SEMINAR

3. The ABC of First Aid
D Danger
R Response
A Airway
B Breathing
A
C
CirculationC

4. 4
ARE YOU READY FOR FIRST AID?

5. First Aid is
The applications which are done without medical equipments or medications in
the case spot for saving life or preventing the situation go worse until the
Emergency Medical Services’ (EMS) help is provided when there’s an accident
or a situation which threatens life occurs.
(Ministry of Health First Aid Guide)

6. Emergency Care
The medical applications which are done by the
medical professionals, require all kinds of medicines
and medical equipments in emergency health care
units.

7. First-aider is
The person who is trained for the
applications which are described in
the first aid guideline.

8. Goals of First Aid

9. Basic Principles of First Aid
Protection
Information
Rescue

10. Protection
YOURSELF BYSTANDERS THE VICTIM

11. Calling For Help
What happened?
Where did it happen?
(significant places)
How many people?
How bad it is?
Number&caller ID?

12. Rescue
Simple technical rescue
Medical rescue (first aid)

13. Duties of the First Aider
A
C
Evaluating the condition of the victim
Handling the worries and fears
Priority determination
To lead
Keeping the victim warm
Not to move the victim
Calling EMS
Upgrading the first aid knowledge

14. Features of the Helper
A
C
Introduce yourself, take approval!
Leading

15. Chain Of Survival
Rescue
3
Calling EMS
2
First aid
1
4
EMS
5
Hospital

16. Evaluating The Spot
DANGERS VICTIM RECORD
Number types

17. Response Airway
Breathing Circulation
First Evaluation

18. Syncope
Inefficient brain circulation
Unconciousness, the victim falls
Brain circulation flow increases
The victim recovers immediately
PROBLEM
 Uncontrolled fall !
 Other problems ?

19. First Aid For Syncope
DANGER RESPONCE ABC
Recovery
position
Call EMS Observation

20. Recovery Position

21. Shock
Inefficient blood circulation
 Cardiogenic (heart attack)
 Hipovolemic (bleeding, burns, edema)
 Toxic
 Anaphylactic (bees, drugs)
Causes

22. Seizures
 Electrical discharge
 Bleeding
 Infection
 Intoxication
 Between 6 months-6 ages
 When the temperature is over 38C.
High fever convulsion Epilepsia
Drug addicts may show clinical features like seizures

23. First Aid For Seizures
Danger !
Call EMS
Keep the head safe
Put the environment away
Don’t try to stop the contractions
Don’t open the jaws
Observe
Colden
Call EMS
High Fever Convulsion
Convulsion

24. Chest Pain
A pain in the middle of the chest which radiates to the
arms, back and neck.
Shortness of breath Moist skin Feeling sick Vomiting
Cardiac Spasm:
Contraction of cardiac vessels
Heart attack:
Obstruction in cardiac vessels
Role of the First-aider:
Semi-sitting position
Call EMS
Observe!

25. Reasons of Choking
Tongue
Foreign objects
Water
Hanging
Lung injury
Gases, smoke
Insufficient O2
Stucking!

26. Incomplete obstruction
The victim;
 Coughs
 Can breath
 Can talk
Encourage coughing!
Complete Obstruction
The victim;
 Can’t breath
 Can’t talk
 Try to cough but can not
 Blushes
 Hands on the neck!

27. Back Blow
• Position !
• Try 5 times
• Give it up when he/she can breath.
• If it’s not enough for making the victim breath,
try the Manuever of Heimlich.

28. Manuever of Heimlich
 Hold the victim from back
 Make him/her lean front
 Put your fist below the chest bone
 Hold your fist with the other hand
 Pull 5 times upwards
 If he/she can’t breath try back blow again
 If the victim falls unconcious:
 Call EMS
 Apply BLS
 If the obstruction is over, take the victim to hospital

29. Application on Babies
 Support the head
 Position !
 5 times back blow
 Push the chest 5 times (like chest
compression; more powerful, slower).
 Continue one following the other
 If he/she falls unconcious:
 Call EMS
 BLS
 If the obstruction is over take the baby to
hospital

30. BLEEDING
Bleeding types
Arterial bleeding
(spurts, bright red)
Venous bleeding
(steady flow, dark red)
Capillary bleeding
(slow, oozing)

31. Seriousity of Bleeding
Depends on;
• The rate of bleeding
• Body region
• Blood amount
Person’s:
• Physical condition
• Age…

32. Role of the First Aider
A
C
Danger, response, ABC
Call EMS
Tamponade
Arterial pressure
Tourniquet
Elevation, stabilize
Shock position
Observation

33. Tamponade
On the wound:
Cover:
• Sterilize
• Clean
• Other
• Pressure with hand (glove!)
• If going to hospital, wound should be covered
If there’s a foreign body or open fracture, it cannot be applied !!!

34. Arterial Pressure Points
Pressure is applied on the arteries with fingers;
On the arm
On the groin

35. Tourniquet
Last hope !
On the single boned
extremities
Wide material which is not
elastical is used
Must be recorded !

36. Injuries
Soft tissue injury First aid
Resting
Ice Compress
Elevation
Elastical bandage
Swelling
Pain
Change of colour

37. Sprain
Injury of the ligaments: First aid
Resting
Ice Compress
Elevation
Take to the hospital
The bone is in the joint
Might be with fracture!

38. Dislocation
The bone dislocates from the joint
Stabilised as it’s seen
Call EMS!

39. Fracture
The intactness of the bone is corrupted:
(pain, swelling, colour change, deformation)
Closed fracture Open fracture
• Bleeding
• Paralysis
• Infection
First aid according to the region!

40. Burn
The tissue loss because of heat, radiation,
electric or chemical substances:
Deepness
• 1. degree
• 2. degree
• 3. degree
Width: Region

41. Heat
• 1. degree: Sun Cream
• 2. degree: Don’t pop the bubbles!
• 2. degree: More than 10%, Sensitive region: Call EMS!
• 3. degree: Call EMS!
Danger, response, ABC
Distinguishing!
Strip, cool
Stabilising, elevation

42. Frost Bite
• Sticks
• Sudden deaht
Freezers, car doors
Protect yourself with clothes
Call EMS!
Freezing, hipotermia!
• Warm up slowly
• Dry, closed places
• Wet clothes
• Foil
No movement or massage
Tight jewellery !

43. Responce 1
Touch the patient’s shoulder keeping a
distance of an arm length and shout as,
“Are you OK?”
If he/she responds, talk and help if necessary;
call an ambulance, keep him/her as you’ve
found, observe.

44. Responce 2
If the patient does not response, shout
for help
Open the airway
Airway
Tilt the head and lift the chin

45. Breathing 1
Look, listen and feel for 5-10 seconds
If the breathing is normal; Call EMS
If he/she should be left alone, give recovery position
Observe

46. Circulation 1
If there’s not a normal breathing call an ambulance
Make the patient lie on his/her back on a hard floor
Don’t flex your elbows, the arms should be vertical (90º to
the floor)
On the middle of sternum, Apply chest compression 30
times
Push down 4-5 cm
Continue as 30 massages 2 breaths (=1 tour) (100
massages per min.)

47. Breathing 2
Apply respiratory support (mouth to mouth,
mouth to nose) without losing time
Give air for 1 sec. (Chest movement!)
(% 16 O2)
Watch the chest go down
Repeat ventilation

48. Ending BLS
When normal breathing is observed (No break is given
for controlling)
When the ambulance comes
When the helper is finished...

49. Application on Babies 1
Response is checked from the foot!
Chin upwards without pushing the head back!
Mouth anad nose together!
5 breaths is given.

50. Application on Babies 2
1 inch down the line which connects two nipples
Apply for babies with two fingers, for children with
one/two hands
Chest depth is pressed 1/3 of its width
The rhythm should be 30:2 for both babies and children
Chest Compression:
If the helper is alone:
1 min.of BLS then call an ambulance!

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