This document presents a fire and rescue system for railways developed by a group of engineering students. The system uses sensors and a microcontroller to automatically detect fires on trains and provide fast rescue. It alerts the train operator and passengers, activates water sprinklers to suppress fires, and allows emergency responders to be notified. The system was designed, simulated, built and tested, demonstrating its effectiveness in reducing casualties from train fires through early detection and response.

1. FIRE AND RESCUE
SYSTEM IN RAILWAYS
Aswathy G ( 17)
Rincy Ben(39)
Sariga Gopal C P(41)
Sona Vijayakumar(44)
Date Of Presentation: 23/03/2017
Dept. Of Electrical And Electronics Engineering
College Of Engineering, Cherthala
Under The Guidance Of: Mrs. Elizwa laiju

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ABSTRACT
o In the fast moving world, nobody is ready to look what’s happening around them.
Even when an accident occurs nobody cares about it.
o So we have implemented a solution for this problem by developing an enhanced
fire rescue system for reducing the number of victims in case of train fire
accidents.

3. INTRODUCTION
o Being a best mode of transportation railway shows numerous unsolved problems
that cause increase in death rate.
o Considering the safety as primary motto we are introducing a new system which
is capable of overcoming such situations.
o This is implemented using the smart sensors and microcontroller technology. It
will automatically identify the fire and provides fastest rescue.
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LITERATURE SURVEY
o Now a days there is no special program to help the passengers during fire
accidents in trains. Due to this number of victims in the fire accidents are really
high.
o This system is helpful in rescuing the people by providing modern technologies.
o The project deals with the implementation of Zigbee based sensor technology and
rescuing system to alert the passengers in the train about the fire.
o This circuit uses communication and signaling system.

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BLOCK DIAGRAM

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BLOCK DIAGRAM
Microcontroller
18F4550
Temperature
sensor LCD display
Zigbee
PC
Zigbee
antenna
GSM
Gas and smoke
sensor
Water sprinkler

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o Block diagram description: From the block diagram, The Main block is a pic
microcontroller.
o All other components are connected to the pic microcontroller. It is programmed
in such a way that it should offer a smooth path for the communication and
sensing.
o Next block is Temperature sensor, it is connected to the microcontroller and it
can sense rise in temperature.
o One of the main block is gas and smoke detector, it can find small amount of
flammable gases.
o To provide primary rescue, we have water sprinkler. It shower water to the fire to
reduce the intensity.

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o Another important block is LCD display, it is given to provide alert messages to
passengers.
o To facilitate the communication, next blocks Zigbee and GSM .

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COMPONENT DESCRIPTION
o PIC MICROCONTROLLER: It is an 8 bit pic microcontroller which offers the
advantages like good computational performance with low price.
o The main features of 18f4550 are low cost, wide availability, free developing
tools, user friendly working etc.

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o TEMPREATURE SENSOR: LM35 is used as temperature sensor, The LM35
series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose output voltage
is linearly proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade) temperature.
o The LM35 thus has an advantage over linear temperature sensors calibrated in
Kelvin, as the user is not required to subtract a large constant voltage from its
output to obtain convenient centigrade scaling.

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o SMOKE AND GAS SENSOR: MQ2 is used as gas and smoke sensor, It can
provide good sensitivity to combustible gas like LPG, propane, hydrogen etc.
o Sensitive material of MQ-2 gas sensor is SnO2, which with lower conductivity in
clean air. Main characters involve long life and low cost

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o WATER SPRINKLER: It is used as a primary step to suppress the fire. It
operates automatically and the microcontroller controls it opening and closure.
o ZIGBEE AND GSM: Zigbee is a IEEE 802.15.4 based suit for high level
communication used to create digital radios. Together with GSM it creates
smooth serial communication between the compartment and the loco pilot.
o It can transmission distance of 10-100m Los.

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o LCD DISPLAY: Another main component of the system is the lcd display. 20*4
lcd display is used here.
o This is used to display the details about the fire. The display is provided to the
passengers. Passengers can easily understand that the train is under fire, and it
helps them to take necessary actions.

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DESIGN
o Microcontroller :-initial delay for the controller ,
T=0.69RC
C=0.1µf
T=0.7ms
From the equation we get the value of resistance as R=10k std
For Input resistance we have, V=5v,
I=25mA, then
R=5/(25mA)=200Ω
So we choose R= 220 Ω std

15. CIRCUIT SCHEMATIC
Software used : DIPtrace
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17. WORKING
o This is a combination of sensor and microcontroller which detects fire and
provide protection to the passengers.
o The circuit consist of temperature sensor along with gas and smoke detector.
o Each and every component in the system is connected to the microcontroller.
During fire condition active sensors detects fire and the presence of high gases(if
present) and the details about the fire is collected by the controller.
o And as an initial step it operates the water sprayer and try to suppress the fire.
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18. o At same time of fire detection, intimation about fire will be sent to the loco pilot
by the help of serial communication channel. Loco pilot have the lab view front
panel and the system is interfaced with the software. Through the front panel loco
pilot can understand the intensity of fire, bougie number etc.
o If the intensity of fire is beyond its limit to reduce, only way to protect the
passengers is the separation of bogies. And it can be done by a gear mechanism
with the loco pilot.
o Also the system offers another feature, it is the switching of light from ac to spark
free dc emergency light. It is for avoiding the condition of short circuit in the
train because the presence of ac supply during fire condition is like adding oil to
fire. It may increase the intensity of fire.
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SIMULATION
Software: Proteus

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21. PCB LAYOUT
Software used : DIPtrace
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HARDWARE

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LABVIEW FRONT PANEL

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o LabVIEW is a system-design platform and development environment for a
visual programming language from National Instruments.
o NI LabVIEW is a graphical programming language designed for engineers and
scientists to develop test, control, and measurement applications.
o It is a system-design platform and development environment for a visual
programming language from National Instruments.
o In LabVIEW, we can build a user interface by using a set of tools and objects.
The user interface is known as the front panel. We can then add code using
graphical representations of functions to control the front panel objects. The
block diagram contains this code. In some ways, the block diagram resembles a
flowchart.

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o Here the front panel consist of indicators, each indicator points the components
in the system.
o Thermometers for temperature, meters for gas and smoke detectors, boolean for
alarm, and also we can see Zigbee, gps, display string etc.

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ADVANTAGE
o Main advantages of this circuit mainly involves safety of human race, protecting
them from fire accidents in train.
o Circuit provides protection against the collision of trains.
o This system provides faster communication for rescuing in case of train fire
accidents.

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DISADVANTAGE
o This system is not practicable in case of huge explosion like bombs etc.
o There is a chance of faulty detection of temperature.

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APPLICATION
o Application of this system are
1.Provide protection to man kind.
2.Avoid collision of trains.
3. The communication system used here helps in informing the loco pilot
and the central system about fire which enables protection as soon as
possible.

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CONCLUSION
o Fire is a good master and a bad slave, so we should handle carefully and safely.
o Fire in running train is more dangerous than the stationary one .
o Our system provides protection against dangerous fire accident and there by
protecting human life.
o And this proposed system will be a revolution in railways.

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FUTURE SCOPE
o In the future we can add image processing system, It can avoid many terrorist
activities like carrying highly flammable materials. And also we can find a
solution for crimes against women.

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REFERENCE
o Yeon-sup lima, Jaehyerk choi , Scongho cho, Chong-kwon kim and yong woo
Lee, “A Fire Detection and Rescue Support Framework with Wireless sensor
Networks”, in 2007 International Conference on Convergence Information
Technology.
o R. Pichai Ramasamy, M. Praveen Kumar, S. Sarath Kumar and R. Raghu
Raman, “Avoidance of Fire Accident On Running Train Using Wireless Sensor
Network”, in International Journal of Information and Computation
Technology, ISSN 0974-2239 Volume 3, member 6 (2013).pp.583-592.

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o A.K.Theraja, B.L.Theraja, ’A textbook on electrical technology’, volume 2,
edition 2011, chapter 29, DC Motors, page(s) 995-1030.
o Jeffery Jravis, Jim Kring, ‘LabVIEW for everyone’, edition-2009.
o NASA. "National Eronauticsand Space Administration.“

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Thank you