This document summarizes several electronic fire alarm circuit designs. It describes a thermistor-based circuit that uses a thermistor as a heat sensor whose resistance decreases with increasing temperature. When the thermistor gets hot, it causes an alarm to sound. A low-cost circuit is also presented that uses a transistor as a fire sensor whose leakage current increases with temperature, triggering an alarm. An alternative low-power circuit is mentioned. Finally, a smoke detector circuit is described that uses a photo interrupter module and 555 timer chip to detect smoke and sound an alarm. The document concludes that electronic circuits can provide efficient fire detection and alarm capabilities.
This document describes a low cost fire alarm circuit project. It includes an introduction to fire alarms and their importance. The circuit uses transistors as heat sensors to detect a fire and trigger a relay connected to alarms. When the temperature rises, the leakage current of one transistor increases, biasing a second one on and activating the relay. The circuit provides fire detection at low cost with simple components and circuitry. It has advantages of low price, ease of use and portability but cannot detect extremely high temperatures. The summary aims to capture the key purpose, components, working and benefits of the circuit in 3 sentences or less.
The document describes a simple fire detection circuit using a thermistor. The circuit uses a potential divider configuration with a thermistor and resistor to sense temperature changes. When the temperature and thermistor resistance rises due to heat, the voltage drop across the resistor increases, turning on a transistor and activating a buzzer alert. This simple, low-cost circuit can be used for fire detection in homes, schools, industries, and research facilities.
This seminar report summarizes an automatic street light system that uses an LDR (light dependent resistor) and transistor circuit to automatically turn street lights on at nightfall and off at dawn, saving energy. The main components are an LDR, transistor, resistor, LED, battery, and PCB board. The LDR detects low light levels and allows current to flow through the transistor, powering the LED light. Potential advantages include energy savings, low cost, safety and security from automated operation. Disadvantages include limited power and the light turning on in shadows. It has applications for street and domestic lighting and could save 77-81% of power consumption for street lighting.
This document describes the design and components of a laser-based security alarm system. The system uses a laser beam to create an invisible boundary around an area being protected. If an intruder breaks the laser beam, a buzzer will sound the alarm. The system is inexpensive yet effective for protecting buildings and areas from intruders. It uses a laser transmitter, receiver, resistor, transistor, breadboard, batteries, and buzzer.
This document describes a prototype automatic fire alarm and extinguishing system. It works by using a thermostat to detect rises in temperature caused by fire. When fire is detected, the system sounds an audio alarm and activates a fire extinguishing system using a water pump. The system components include resistors, capacitors, transistors, diodes, a buzzer, LED, circuit board, wires and a transformer to power the system and convert AC to DC current required by the water pump. The thermostat senses temperature increases from fire to trigger the alarm and extinguishing response.
This document discusses different types of smoke detectors. It describes photoelectric smoke detectors, which use light scattering or light obscuring to detect smoke. It also describes ionization smoke detectors, which use a chamber with a voltage across plates and a radioactive source to detect smoke. Finally, it provides a circuit diagram for a homemade smoke detector that uses an LED, LDR, transistors, resistors, capacitors, and other components to detect changes in light and sound an alarm when smoke is detected.
This document outlines a project to design and construct an automatic room light controller with a bidirectional visitor counter. It aims to limit power waste by turning lights off when rooms are empty and automatically turning them on when people enter. The system will incorporate transmitters, receivers, and relays to detect presence and absence and control lights accordingly. It will also count the number of people in a room at a given time. The project scope includes use in schools, offices, and conference halls to conserve electricity without inconveniencing visitors.
This project report describes a smoke detection system that uses an Arduino Uno, gas sensor, temperature sensor, servo motor, buzzer, and LED. It takes input from the gas and temperature sensors, and if the gas/temperature rises above a threshold, it sounds the buzzer and activates the servo motor. The servo motor is intended to turn on a water pump to help control a fire. The system provides smoke and fire detection to improve safety in homes, factories, and other buildings.
This document describes a low cost fire alarm circuit project. It includes an introduction to fire alarms and their importance. The circuit uses transistors as heat sensors to detect a fire and trigger a relay connected to alarms. When the temperature rises, the leakage current of one transistor increases, biasing a second one on and activating the relay. The circuit provides fire detection at low cost with simple components and circuitry. It has advantages of low price, ease of use and portability but cannot detect extremely high temperatures. The summary aims to capture the key purpose, components, working and benefits of the circuit in 3 sentences or less.
The document describes a simple fire detection circuit using a thermistor. The circuit uses a potential divider configuration with a thermistor and resistor to sense temperature changes. When the temperature and thermistor resistance rises due to heat, the voltage drop across the resistor increases, turning on a transistor and activating a buzzer alert. This simple, low-cost circuit can be used for fire detection in homes, schools, industries, and research facilities.
This seminar report summarizes an automatic street light system that uses an LDR (light dependent resistor) and transistor circuit to automatically turn street lights on at nightfall and off at dawn, saving energy. The main components are an LDR, transistor, resistor, LED, battery, and PCB board. The LDR detects low light levels and allows current to flow through the transistor, powering the LED light. Potential advantages include energy savings, low cost, safety and security from automated operation. Disadvantages include limited power and the light turning on in shadows. It has applications for street and domestic lighting and could save 77-81% of power consumption for street lighting.
This document describes the design and components of a laser-based security alarm system. The system uses a laser beam to create an invisible boundary around an area being protected. If an intruder breaks the laser beam, a buzzer will sound the alarm. The system is inexpensive yet effective for protecting buildings and areas from intruders. It uses a laser transmitter, receiver, resistor, transistor, breadboard, batteries, and buzzer.
This document describes a prototype automatic fire alarm and extinguishing system. It works by using a thermostat to detect rises in temperature caused by fire. When fire is detected, the system sounds an audio alarm and activates a fire extinguishing system using a water pump. The system components include resistors, capacitors, transistors, diodes, a buzzer, LED, circuit board, wires and a transformer to power the system and convert AC to DC current required by the water pump. The thermostat senses temperature increases from fire to trigger the alarm and extinguishing response.
This document discusses different types of smoke detectors. It describes photoelectric smoke detectors, which use light scattering or light obscuring to detect smoke. It also describes ionization smoke detectors, which use a chamber with a voltage across plates and a radioactive source to detect smoke. Finally, it provides a circuit diagram for a homemade smoke detector that uses an LED, LDR, transistors, resistors, capacitors, and other components to detect changes in light and sound an alarm when smoke is detected.
This document outlines a project to design and construct an automatic room light controller with a bidirectional visitor counter. It aims to limit power waste by turning lights off when rooms are empty and automatically turning them on when people enter. The system will incorporate transmitters, receivers, and relays to detect presence and absence and control lights accordingly. It will also count the number of people in a room at a given time. The project scope includes use in schools, offices, and conference halls to conserve electricity without inconveniencing visitors.
This project report describes a smoke detection system that uses an Arduino Uno, gas sensor, temperature sensor, servo motor, buzzer, and LED. It takes input from the gas and temperature sensors, and if the gas/temperature rises above a threshold, it sounds the buzzer and activates the servo motor. The servo motor is intended to turn on a water pump to help control a fire. The system provides smoke and fire detection to improve safety in homes, factories, and other buildings.
The project uses a PIR motion sensor to detect motion and trigger a camera. An Arduino microcontroller coordinates and controls the system, activating the camera when the PIR sensor detects motion.
The safety in the house is very important.This project presents a prototype smart door lock which can be used to enhance security of a door which is a smart door lock.Here we can utilize Bluetooth technology to scan Bluetooth Devices at the door knob for automatic door lock purposes.
This document describes the design and working of a laser security alarm system. It contains sections on the components needed including an LDR, resistor, transistor, laser pointer, LED, battery, wiring, and buzzer. The circuit diagram and experimental setup are also included. When the laser beam falling on the LDR is interrupted, the resistance increases, triggering the transistor and sounding the alarm buzzer. Key advantages are its ability to detect intrusions across a large area using a single laser beam and mirrors. Home security is a growing field and laser alarms provide an improved efficient option.
Automatic Room Lights Controller Using Arduino & PIR SensorAnkit Chaudhary
The document describes an automatic room light control system using an Arduino microcontroller and PIR motion sensor. The system is designed to automatically turn lights on when motion is detected by the PIR sensor, and turn lights off after a period of no motion. The system components include a PIR sensor to detect motion, an Arduino Uno microcontroller for processing and control, and a relay to control power to the lights. When motion is detected, the PIR sensor sends a signal to the Arduino, which then activates the relay to turn on the lights. After a set time of no motion, the Arduino deactivates the relay to turn off the lights. The system is intended to automatically control room lights to save
Bidirectional Visitor Counter using IR sensors and Arduino Uno R3Abhishekvb
The aim of our project is to make a controller which can sense if any person enters the room and it lights up the room automatically and also counts how many person are entering the room or going out of it.
The document describes a laser security system project created by students Chirag, Mohit Jangra, and Shubham for their computer science engineering diploma under the guidance of Mrs. Indu. The project uses a laser, light dependent resistor sensors, buzzer, and Arduino board to create a security system that triggers an alarm if the laser path is interrupted by an intruder crossing the sensors. The system is designed to provide effective perimeter security for homes and properties in a cost effective and easy to install way.
This document presents a low-cost fire alarm circuit that uses a thermistor as a heat sensor. The circuit consists of a thermistor, slide switch, LED, buzzer, batteries, transistors, resistors, variable resistor, and relay circuit. When heat is applied to the thermistor, its resistance decreases and the circuit activates the buzzer to sound an alarm. The fire alarm circuit provides protection at low cost for homes, warehouses, industries and other applications. It is a simple, efficient and portable design suitable for detecting fires and alerting users.
This document describes a laser light security system that uses a laser beam, light dependent resistor (LDR), transistor, LED, and buzzer. When the laser beam is interrupted, the resistance of the LDR changes and triggers the transistor to activate the LED and buzzer, alerting of an intrusion. The system provides effective perimeter security for homes inside and out in a discreet and easy to install way. Advancements in technology continue to improve home security systems.
A cell phone detector is a device which detects any cell phone at any examination hall,meetings and any other place whenever required. This is a very useful device in modern time whenever unwanted activities are growing due to cell phone. In this presentation we covered principle,components, working and assembling of all components including advantages of this device.
@ Mr. unique presentations
This circuit automatically turns on a night lamp when bedroom light is switched off using a light sensor. It remains on until morning when another light sensor detects daylight and triggers a melodic alarm. It is powered by a transformer with battery backup and uses common components like an LM555 timer IC and UM66 melody generator. The LDR sensors control the lamp and alarm based on light levels to provide hands-free night lighting and morning wake up sounds.
This document describes a smart home security system that uses wireless sensor networks and GSM technology. The system can detect theft, gas leaks, temperature changes and send alarm messages to a mobile phone. It allows users to control home appliances like fans and lights remotely. The system uses low-cost and commonly available components like cell phones, SIM cards, and GSM modems. Sensors for smoke, LPG, temperature, and motion can trigger alarm messages. The system has applications for home, locker, industrial and bank security.
Sensors are devices that measure physical quantities and convert them into signals that can be read by observers or instruments. The document discusses several common sensors: infrared (IR) sensors, sound sensors, temperature sensors, and discusses their working principles and applications. It also provides details on using timers and integrated circuits like the 555 timer IC to process sensor output signals.
This document describes a brake failure indicator circuit. The circuit uses a PNP transistor, buzzer, LEDs, resistors, battery, breadboard, capacitors and 555 timer. It monitors the brake wire for failure and alerts the driver with flashing lights and beeping if the brake fails. The circuit provides early warning of brake issues to help prevent accidents.
Fire Alarm Circuit
The most essential electronic device at home or industry or any other place where there is a chance of fire accident is a fire alarm circuit. The fire alarm circuit can be defined as an electronic circuit used for identifying fire accident and alert. Thus, by using the fire alarm circuit, we can avoid financial loss and also save people from dangerous fire accidents.
The document describes a clap switch, which is a switch that can turn an electrical circuit on or off through the detection of sound from clapping. It works by using a microphone to pick up the sound of clapping and converting it into an electrical signal, which is then amplified and used to trigger a flip-flop circuit connected to a relay to switch the circuit. The advantages are that it allows controlling devices remotely through sound and eliminates the need for manual switches, while the disadvantages are that clapping can be cumbersome and the circuit may activate to unwanted sounds without proper filtering.
Intelligent Street light monitoring systemvikas mantri
INTELLIGENT STREET LIGHTING
Home/INTELLIGENT STREET LIGHTING
Every evening, an intelligent street lighting control system has to light up at the right time and function seamlessly. A city’s street lights provide safer traffic conditions, safer pedestrian environment and can represent a great improvement to the city’s architectural, touristic and commercial output. These benefits are not exactly cheap though, with an average of 40% of the public budgets’ energy bill being spent for street lighting alone. The increasing energy price, plus the significant maintenance costs and always increasing expectations manifested by the public put a continuous pressure on the lighting budgets.
inteliLIGHT® is a remote street lighting control solution that offers you detailed, lamp-level management capabilities of every street light in your city and ensures that the right amount of light is provided where and when needed. Equally important, in-depth grid management gives an accurate real-time feedback of any change occurring along the grid, reduces both energy loss and energy surges and offers advanced maintenance optimization tools. Using the existing infrastructure, you can have live detailed information over the grid and transform the existing distribution level network into an intelligent infrastructure of the future
This document describes the design and components of a mobile detector circuit. It includes a block diagram showing the main components: a power supply, transformer, bridge rectifier, op-amp voltage converter, 555 timer circuit, transistor, and piezo buzzer. The detector works by using an antenna to pick up radio frequency signals from an activated mobile phone, which triggers the 555 timer circuit to activate the buzzer, alerting others to the phone's use. The detector has applications in places where mobile phone use needs to be restricted like exam halls, hospitals, and government facilities.
Vishwa Rana, a 12th grade student, completed a physics project on a laser security alarm system under the guidance of teacher Shweta Mishra. The project details the components, working, and uses of the system. It functions by using a laser beam to activate a light dependent resistor, which triggers an alarm if the beam is blocked. The system can be used to detect intruders and monitor doors, areas, and property boundaries in a contactless way through the use of laser technology.
AUTOMATIC FIRE ALARM using IR LED and BUZZERShihab Hasnine
This document describes an automatic fire alarm circuit using an IR LED and buzzer. The key components are an IR LED, which transmits infrared radiation, a buzzer to sound the alarm, and a 9V battery. When the IR path is obstructed, such as by smoke in a fire, the buzzer will sound to alert of the potential fire. The circuit works by having the IR LED on one side of a door frame and an IR sensor on the other - under normal conditions the sensor receives the IR radiation, but if the path is blocked the buzzer will activate the alarm.
The document discusses using combinational logic circuits for fire alarm systems. Combinational logic circuits are ideal for fire alarms because their output depends only on the current input and not the previous state, allowing them to quickly detect dangers. The document then describes a specific fire alarm circuit that uses a thermistor temperature sensor connected to transistors and a relay to trigger an alarm like a light or buzzer when the temperature rises above a threshold.
The key component of the circuit is Thermistor, which has been used as fire detector. Thermistor is temperature sensitive resistor, whose resistance changes according to the temperature, its resistance decreases with the increase in temperature and vice versa.
We have built the circuit using, mainly these components that is, Thermistor, diodes, Led light , resistor, capacitor and Alarm.
The project uses a PIR motion sensor to detect motion and trigger a camera. An Arduino microcontroller coordinates and controls the system, activating the camera when the PIR sensor detects motion.
The safety in the house is very important.This project presents a prototype smart door lock which can be used to enhance security of a door which is a smart door lock.Here we can utilize Bluetooth technology to scan Bluetooth Devices at the door knob for automatic door lock purposes.
This document describes the design and working of a laser security alarm system. It contains sections on the components needed including an LDR, resistor, transistor, laser pointer, LED, battery, wiring, and buzzer. The circuit diagram and experimental setup are also included. When the laser beam falling on the LDR is interrupted, the resistance increases, triggering the transistor and sounding the alarm buzzer. Key advantages are its ability to detect intrusions across a large area using a single laser beam and mirrors. Home security is a growing field and laser alarms provide an improved efficient option.
Automatic Room Lights Controller Using Arduino & PIR SensorAnkit Chaudhary
The document describes an automatic room light control system using an Arduino microcontroller and PIR motion sensor. The system is designed to automatically turn lights on when motion is detected by the PIR sensor, and turn lights off after a period of no motion. The system components include a PIR sensor to detect motion, an Arduino Uno microcontroller for processing and control, and a relay to control power to the lights. When motion is detected, the PIR sensor sends a signal to the Arduino, which then activates the relay to turn on the lights. After a set time of no motion, the Arduino deactivates the relay to turn off the lights. The system is intended to automatically control room lights to save
Bidirectional Visitor Counter using IR sensors and Arduino Uno R3Abhishekvb
The aim of our project is to make a controller which can sense if any person enters the room and it lights up the room automatically and also counts how many person are entering the room or going out of it.
The document describes a laser security system project created by students Chirag, Mohit Jangra, and Shubham for their computer science engineering diploma under the guidance of Mrs. Indu. The project uses a laser, light dependent resistor sensors, buzzer, and Arduino board to create a security system that triggers an alarm if the laser path is interrupted by an intruder crossing the sensors. The system is designed to provide effective perimeter security for homes and properties in a cost effective and easy to install way.
This document presents a low-cost fire alarm circuit that uses a thermistor as a heat sensor. The circuit consists of a thermistor, slide switch, LED, buzzer, batteries, transistors, resistors, variable resistor, and relay circuit. When heat is applied to the thermistor, its resistance decreases and the circuit activates the buzzer to sound an alarm. The fire alarm circuit provides protection at low cost for homes, warehouses, industries and other applications. It is a simple, efficient and portable design suitable for detecting fires and alerting users.
This document describes a laser light security system that uses a laser beam, light dependent resistor (LDR), transistor, LED, and buzzer. When the laser beam is interrupted, the resistance of the LDR changes and triggers the transistor to activate the LED and buzzer, alerting of an intrusion. The system provides effective perimeter security for homes inside and out in a discreet and easy to install way. Advancements in technology continue to improve home security systems.
A cell phone detector is a device which detects any cell phone at any examination hall,meetings and any other place whenever required. This is a very useful device in modern time whenever unwanted activities are growing due to cell phone. In this presentation we covered principle,components, working and assembling of all components including advantages of this device.
@ Mr. unique presentations
This circuit automatically turns on a night lamp when bedroom light is switched off using a light sensor. It remains on until morning when another light sensor detects daylight and triggers a melodic alarm. It is powered by a transformer with battery backup and uses common components like an LM555 timer IC and UM66 melody generator. The LDR sensors control the lamp and alarm based on light levels to provide hands-free night lighting and morning wake up sounds.
This document describes a smart home security system that uses wireless sensor networks and GSM technology. The system can detect theft, gas leaks, temperature changes and send alarm messages to a mobile phone. It allows users to control home appliances like fans and lights remotely. The system uses low-cost and commonly available components like cell phones, SIM cards, and GSM modems. Sensors for smoke, LPG, temperature, and motion can trigger alarm messages. The system has applications for home, locker, industrial and bank security.
Sensors are devices that measure physical quantities and convert them into signals that can be read by observers or instruments. The document discusses several common sensors: infrared (IR) sensors, sound sensors, temperature sensors, and discusses their working principles and applications. It also provides details on using timers and integrated circuits like the 555 timer IC to process sensor output signals.
This document describes a brake failure indicator circuit. The circuit uses a PNP transistor, buzzer, LEDs, resistors, battery, breadboard, capacitors and 555 timer. It monitors the brake wire for failure and alerts the driver with flashing lights and beeping if the brake fails. The circuit provides early warning of brake issues to help prevent accidents.
Fire Alarm Circuit
The most essential electronic device at home or industry or any other place where there is a chance of fire accident is a fire alarm circuit. The fire alarm circuit can be defined as an electronic circuit used for identifying fire accident and alert. Thus, by using the fire alarm circuit, we can avoid financial loss and also save people from dangerous fire accidents.
The document describes a clap switch, which is a switch that can turn an electrical circuit on or off through the detection of sound from clapping. It works by using a microphone to pick up the sound of clapping and converting it into an electrical signal, which is then amplified and used to trigger a flip-flop circuit connected to a relay to switch the circuit. The advantages are that it allows controlling devices remotely through sound and eliminates the need for manual switches, while the disadvantages are that clapping can be cumbersome and the circuit may activate to unwanted sounds without proper filtering.
Intelligent Street light monitoring systemvikas mantri
INTELLIGENT STREET LIGHTING
Home/INTELLIGENT STREET LIGHTING
Every evening, an intelligent street lighting control system has to light up at the right time and function seamlessly. A city’s street lights provide safer traffic conditions, safer pedestrian environment and can represent a great improvement to the city’s architectural, touristic and commercial output. These benefits are not exactly cheap though, with an average of 40% of the public budgets’ energy bill being spent for street lighting alone. The increasing energy price, plus the significant maintenance costs and always increasing expectations manifested by the public put a continuous pressure on the lighting budgets.
inteliLIGHT® is a remote street lighting control solution that offers you detailed, lamp-level management capabilities of every street light in your city and ensures that the right amount of light is provided where and when needed. Equally important, in-depth grid management gives an accurate real-time feedback of any change occurring along the grid, reduces both energy loss and energy surges and offers advanced maintenance optimization tools. Using the existing infrastructure, you can have live detailed information over the grid and transform the existing distribution level network into an intelligent infrastructure of the future
This document describes the design and components of a mobile detector circuit. It includes a block diagram showing the main components: a power supply, transformer, bridge rectifier, op-amp voltage converter, 555 timer circuit, transistor, and piezo buzzer. The detector works by using an antenna to pick up radio frequency signals from an activated mobile phone, which triggers the 555 timer circuit to activate the buzzer, alerting others to the phone's use. The detector has applications in places where mobile phone use needs to be restricted like exam halls, hospitals, and government facilities.
Vishwa Rana, a 12th grade student, completed a physics project on a laser security alarm system under the guidance of teacher Shweta Mishra. The project details the components, working, and uses of the system. It functions by using a laser beam to activate a light dependent resistor, which triggers an alarm if the beam is blocked. The system can be used to detect intruders and monitor doors, areas, and property boundaries in a contactless way through the use of laser technology.
AUTOMATIC FIRE ALARM using IR LED and BUZZERShihab Hasnine
This document describes an automatic fire alarm circuit using an IR LED and buzzer. The key components are an IR LED, which transmits infrared radiation, a buzzer to sound the alarm, and a 9V battery. When the IR path is obstructed, such as by smoke in a fire, the buzzer will sound to alert of the potential fire. The circuit works by having the IR LED on one side of a door frame and an IR sensor on the other - under normal conditions the sensor receives the IR radiation, but if the path is blocked the buzzer will activate the alarm.
The document discusses using combinational logic circuits for fire alarm systems. Combinational logic circuits are ideal for fire alarms because their output depends only on the current input and not the previous state, allowing them to quickly detect dangers. The document then describes a specific fire alarm circuit that uses a thermistor temperature sensor connected to transistors and a relay to trigger an alarm like a light or buzzer when the temperature rises above a threshold.
The key component of the circuit is Thermistor, which has been used as fire detector. Thermistor is temperature sensitive resistor, whose resistance changes according to the temperature, its resistance decreases with the increase in temperature and vice versa.
We have built the circuit using, mainly these components that is, Thermistor, diodes, Led light , resistor, capacitor and Alarm.
A fire alarm system uses visual and audio signals to warn of fires. It includes devices installed throughout buildings to detect smoke and fire and alert occupants. There are three main types of fire alarm systems: ionization, photoelectric, and combination alarms. According to statistics, over 350,000 home structure fires occurred from 2012-2016 in the U.S., resulting in over 2,500 deaths and $6.5 billion in property damage. A simple fire alarm circuit project uses a thermistor to detect temperature increases from fire, which triggers an operational amplifier to activate a buzer and warn occupants. Properly installed and maintained fire alarm systems improve safety and reduce loss of life and property damage from fires.
This document describes the design and operation of a smoke alarm circuit. The circuit uses a NE555 timer IC wired in astable configuration to generate an audible alarm signal through a speaker. A photo interrupter module acts as the smoke sensor, interrupting the light beam between an LED and phototransistor when smoke is detected. This causes the NE555 reset pin to activate the alarm. The circuit operates on 9V and components include resistors, capacitors, the NE555 IC, photo interrupter, and speaker. Instructions are provided for testing, troubleshooting, and applications of the smoke alarm circuit.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) inventionjournals
This document summarizes a multi-security system that monitors for threats like fire, theft, water damage, and gas leaks. The system has two parts - a transmitter section with various sensors and an RF transmitter, and a receiver section with an RF receiver, decoder, display, and alerts. The transmitter section detects threats with sensors and sends coded signals to the receiver section via radio frequency. The receiver section then displays emergency messages and alerts the user about any detected threats. The system is intended to remotely monitor homes or workplaces and warn people about dangers even when they are not present on site.
This document discusses an embedded system for home automation that uses various sensors and a microcontroller to automatically control lights and fans based on environmental factors. The system includes a door frame sensor, light sensor, temperature sensor, and security switch that provide inputs to a microcontroller. The microcontroller then drives relays to control lights and fans. The goal is to automate household tasks for convenience and energy efficiency while maintaining user control. It also outlines potential for future expansion of automation and control of additional appliances both indoors and outdoors.
We provide you Project Temperature Sensors – Types.You can choose the best of your choice and interest from the list of topics we suggested. All new project ideas that are appearing focuses to improve the knowledge of Engineering students.
https://www.elprocus.com
Visit our page to get more ideas on Project Report Format for Final Year Engineering Students these ideas developed by professionals.
Elprocus provides free verified electronic projects kits around the world with abstracts, circuit diagrams, and free electronic software. We provide guidance manual for Do It Yourself Kits (DIY) with the modules at best price along with free shipping.
This document provides information about temperature transducers. It discusses that a temperature transducer is a device that converts a temperature measurement into another form of energy, such as an electrical signal. It then describes different types of temperature transducers, including resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), thermocouples, and thermistors. For each type, it explains the basic principle of operation, common applications, and advantages and disadvantages. The document aims to inform readers about how temperature transducers work and their various uses in fields like manufacturing, heating/cooling systems, and more.
This document discusses boilers and steam generators used at the Rishraj Institute of Technology (RIT) in Indore. It describes the types of boilers used, including fire tube boilers in a tangential form. It discusses the components and safety features of boilers, as well as the differences between drum type boilers and supercritical boilers. The document also covers programmable logic controllers (PLCs), including their components, input and output operations, and common configurations for switches and buttons. Resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) are also summarized, including their operation, configurations, and suitability for precision temperature measurement applications.
This document describes the components and working of a simple fire alarm circuit project. The circuit uses a thermistor to detect changes in temperature, which then triggers a transistor and sounds a buzzer. Key components are a thermistor, transistor, diode, capacitor, resistors and a 6V buzzer. As temperature rises, the thermistor's resistance decreases, increasing the voltage across a resistor to turn on the transistor and activate the buzzer. The circuit aims to detect fires and prevent damage through a simple, low-cost design.
The document provides information on BHELSCAN, a microcontroller-based flame sensing system that detects the presence of fire in a boiler. It consists of a scanner head assembly located in the boiler and a chassis with electronic modules located in the control room up to 200 meters away. The scanner head detects visible light from a flame and converts it to an electrical signal. The system can recognize coal and oil flames based on light fluctuations. The electronic modules process the flame signals and provide outputs on flame intensity and status. The document describes the various components, modules, settings, calibration process and maintenance of the BHELSCAN system.
Ice is not typically referred to as a black body. A black body is an idealized physical body that absorbs all electromagnetic radiation that falls on it. Some key points:
- A black body is a theoretical concept used in thermodynamics and radiation physics to describe an idealized physical body that absorbs all electromagnetic radiation that falls on it.
- No real physical objects meet the idealized definition of a perfect black body, but certain materials come very close under certain conditions. For example, a small hole in an enclosure can approximate a black body.
- Ice does not absorb all electromagnetic radiation. It reflects a portion of visible light, making it appear translucent or opaque rather than perfectly black. It is not considered a
Zigbee based intelligent helemet for coal miners pptVenkatesh Kaduru
This one is the useful project for embedded students..and it is the real time project ...
so guys u can download and implement with your useful thoughts ...
Application of sensors : Thermistors and potentiometerAnaseem Hanini
Application of sensors
Applications of potentiometer:
1. Audio Control The potentiometer is used in radio and television (TV) receiver for volume control, tone control and linearity control.
2. Continuous Balance DVM – The basic block diagram of a servo balancing potentiometer type DVM The input voltage is applied to one side of a mechanical chopper comparator, the other side being connected to the variable arm of a precision potentiometer.
3. Lighting
We can use a potentiometer to control the lighting level of a television, or the brightness of a computer screen.
RTD
1.Air and Gas Temperature Measurement with RTD Sensors
2.liquids Temperature Measurement with Flexible RTDs
The RTD temperature sensors are more accurate and precise then normally used temperature sensors and uses resistance concept to detect the temperature and convert to the digital value.
THERMISTOR
1.NTC Thermistors For Cooling Applications ((PCB)
2. Thermistors Temperature Detection in Fire Alarms.
The most cost effective fire alarm is one utilizing the thermistor method.
Coal Mine Safety Monitoring and Alerting System using IOT Basedijtsrd
In our day to day life electric power is more important and the power generating many more types. And one of its mining So our project fully based on mine safety and alerting system with uses of IOT Internet Of Things . Hear we used a robot for analyzing the danger in undergoing mining. So we are going to use LDR sensor, GAS sensor, RF sensor, LM35 temperature sensor and micro camera for visualization for controller operating the robot. Now we see uses of sensor LDR light dependent resistor when LDR is dark place its resistances is high and, when the LDR is light places its resistances is low, GAS sensor is used for identify the carbon dioxide percentage in mining places, the mine engineers work in underground so the LM35 sensor used to measuring the temperature, RF is master controller and it will be rise the massage on IOT. So we conclude that it will be useful for mine engineering safety. R. Karthick | R. T Ajaykarthik | D. R. P Rajarathnam | S. Sanjay | R. Tamil Kumaran | R. Sriram "Coal Mine Safety Monitoring and Alerting System using IOT Based" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50274.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/50274/coal-mine-safety-monitoring-and-alerting-system-using-iot-based/r-karthick
The document provides an overview of fire alarm system design and components. It discusses the objectives of early fire detection to protect life and property. The key components include sensors, control panel, indicating devices, and wiring. It describes different types of heat and smoke detectors along with their specifications and placement guidelines. The document also covers other aspects like power supplies, wiring standards, sound levels of alarms, and protection of control equipment.
The Pyrotector Model 30-3003 is an explosion-proof smoke detector designed for hazardous industrial and commercial locations. It uses a photoelectric sensor with an infrared light source and light sensing cell to detect smoke. The detector has self-checking circuitry to maintain sensitivity and can detect both slow and fast fires. It provides alarm and trouble relay contacts and is suitable for use in hazardous areas like combustible storage facilities, chemical plants, and refineries.
This document discusses various aspects of fire detection and firefighting, including:
1. It defines three categories of firefighting: fire protection, fire detection, and fire suppression.
2. It describes different types of fire detectors like smoke, flame, heat, and combination detectors and how they work.
3. It explains fire alarm systems, sprinkler systems, and other fire suppression systems like dry chemical and carbon dioxide systems.
IRJET- IoT based Modern Greenhouse with GSM Module using Arduino PlatformIRJET Journal
This document describes an IoT-based smart greenhouse system that uses sensors and a GSM module connected to an Arduino board for automated monitoring and control. The system uses sensors like a biosensor to detect enzymes and pesticides, a humidity sensor to monitor moisture levels, a fire sensor to detect fires, and a temperature sensor to regulate cooling fans if temperatures rise above a set level. An LDR sensor is also used to control lighting. The GSM module allows the system to send text messages to notify farmers if the plants need watering. The system aims to automate greenhouse operations and replace direct human supervision, allowing farmers in rural areas to benefit from precision agriculture.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
2. Manav Jain et al136
there should never be less then two smoke detectors per apartment or residence. It is
recommended that smoke detectors be located in any room where an alarm control is
located, or in any room where alarm control connections to an AC source or phone
lines are made. If detectors are not so located, a fire within the room could prevent the
control from reporting a fire. All fire alarm systems require notification devices,
including sirens, bells, horns, and/or strobes. In residential applications, each automatic
alarm initiating device when activated should cause the operation of an alarm
notification device that should be clearly audible in all bedrooms over ambient or
background noise levels (at least 15dB above noise) with all intervening doors closed.
It is recommended that a smoke detector with an integral sounder (smoke alarm) be
located in every bedroom and an additional notification device be located on each level
of a residence. The most common cause of an alarm system not functioning when a
fire occurs is inadequate maintenance. As such, the alarm system should be tested
weekly to make sure all sensors and transmitters are working properly. Although
designed for long life, fire alarm devices including smoke detectors may fail at any
time. It is recommended that residential smoke detectors should be replaced every 10
years. Any smoke detector, fire alarm system or any component of that system which
fails should be repaired or replaced immediately[3].
3. Circuits
3.1 Thermistor based Circuit
A thermistor is a type of resistor whose resistance varies significantly with
temperature, more so than in standard resistors. The word is a portmanteau of thermal
and resistor. Thermistors are widely used as inrush current limiters, temperature
sensors, self-resetting overcurrent protectors, and self-regulating heating
elements.Thermistors differ from resistance temperature detectors (RTD) in that the
material used in a thermistor is generally a ceramic or polymer, while RTDs use pure
metals. The temperature response is also different; RTDs are useful over larger
temperature ranges, while thermistors typically achieve a higher precision within a
limited temperature range, typically −90 °C to 130 °C.It is a small and simple unit that
can be used for Home-Security purpose. In this fire alarm circuit, a Thermistor works
as the heat sensor. When temperature increases, its resistance decreases, and vice
versa. At normal temperature, the resistance of the Thermistor (TH1) is approximately
10 kilo-ohms, which reduces to a few ohms as the temperature increases beyond 100
C. The circuit uses readily available components and can be easily constructed on any
general-purpose PCB. The component values used are as follows:R1=470R, R2=470R,
R3=33K, R5=560R R4=470R, R6=47K, R7=2.2K, R8=470R, C1=10uF-16V,
C2=0.04uF-63V, C3=0.01uF-63V, Q1=BC548, Q2=BC558, Q3=SL100B, D1=Red
Led, D2=1N4001, IC1=NE555, SPKR=1W-8R, TH1=Thermistor-10K
3. Electronic Fire Alarm 137
Fig. 1: Thermistor base fire alarm circuit.
Timer IC NE555 (IC1) is wired as an astablemultivibrator oscillating in audio
frequency band. Switching transistors Q1 and Q2 drive multivibrator IC1. The output
of IC1 is connected to NPN transistor Q3, which drives the loudspeaker (SPKR) to
generate sound. The frequency of IC1 depends on the values of resistors R6, R7 and
capacitor C2. When Thermistor TH1 becomes hot, it provides a low-resistance path to
extend positive voltage to the base of transistor Q1 via diode D2 and resistor R3.
Capacitor C1 charges up to the positive voltage and increases the ‘on’ time of alarm.
The higher the value of capacitor C1, the higher the forward voltage applied to the base
of transistor Q1. Since the collector of transistor Q1 is connected to the base of
transistor Q2, transistor Q2 provides positive voltage to reset pin 4 of IC1. R5 is used
such that IC1 remains inactive in the absence of positive voltage. D2 stops discharging
of capacitor C1 when the Thermistor connected to the positive supply cools down and
provides a high-resistance (10k) path. It also stops the conduction of Q1. To prevent
the Thermistor from melting, wrap it up in mica tape. The circuit works off a 6V-12V
regulated power supply. D1 is used to indicate that power to the circuit is switched
on[4].
4. Low Cost Fire Alarm Circuit
When there is a fire breakout in the room the temperature increases. This ultra compact
and low cost fire alarm senses fire breakout based on this fact. Transistor BC177 (Q1)
is used as the fire sensor here. When the temperature increases the leakage current of
this transistor also increases. The circuit is designed so that when there is an increase in
the leakage current of Q1, transistor Q2 will get biased. As a result when there is a fire
breakout the transistor Q2 will be on. The emitter of Q2 (BC 108) is connected to the
base of Q3(AC 128).
So when Q2 is ON Q3 will be also ON. The transistor Q3 drives the relay which is
used to drive the load ie,light,bell,horn etc as an indication of the fire. The diode D1 is
used as a free wheeling diode to protect it from back EMF generated when relay is
switched. The Preset R1 can be used to desired temperature level for setting the alarm
4. Manav Jain et al138
ON. This is not a latching alarm, that is; when the temperature in the vicinity of the
sensor decreases below the set point the alarm stops. The circuit can be powered using
a 9V battery or a 9V battery eliminator. All capacitors are electrolytic and must be
rated at least 10V. The load can be connected through the C, NC, NO points of the
relay according to your need.
Fig. 2: Low cost Fire Alarm Circuit.
The calibration can be done using a soldering iron, and a thermo meter. The
operations are: Switch ON the power supply.Keep the tip of soldering iron near to the
Q1. Same time also keep the thermometer close to it. When the temperature reaches
your desired value adjust R1 so that relay gets ON.Done![5].
4.1 Low Power Circuit
An alternative circuit can be designed that consumes less power. The circuit comprises
of the diodes, transistors alarm and other basic components and provides very useful
advantage of low power dissipation.
Fig. 3: Fire Alarm Circuit[6]
5. Electronic Fire Alarm 139
5. Smoke Detector
A simple smoke sensing alarm circuit can be designed using 555 timer. By using this
circuit, one can detect smoke and it alarms when the air is contaminated. The
components used are: IC- NE555 Timer, Sensor- Photo Interrupter Module and
Speaker. This smoke detecting alarm is based directly on an astablemultivibrator and
sensor. The sensing module triggers the oscillator and generates an alarm through the
loud speaker.
Fig. 4: Smoke Detector.
The photo interrupter module consists of an LED and a Photo transistor. The light
coming from the led falls directly onto the photo transistor, this makes the collector
terminal to go ground potential and activates the reset control of 555 timer. If there is
an interrupt on the path of LED and Photo transistor as smoke, the light doesn’t
reaches the transistor causing the collector voltage approximately equal to supply
voltage and it is fed directly to the reset pin of NE555, which is wired as
astablemultivibrator. The high voltage at this pin enables the ic and it produce square
waves continuously, which in turn drives the speaker through a coupling capacitor.
Here the astablemultivibrator is configured as AF oscillator with a frequency of
379Hz, so as to hear the alarm through loud speaker[7].
6. Conclusion
Hence electronic circuits can be designed for the fire based alarms and they provide
very high efficiency and can be used for the security reasons.Early fire detection is best
achieved by the installation and maintenance of fire detection equipment in all rooms
and areas of the house or building. The various circuits described in the paper can be
used.
6. Manav Jain et al140
References
[1] Peter J. Finley, Jr., Executive Analysis Of Fire Service Operations In
Emergency Management, Vineland Fire Department, Vineland, New Jersey
[2] Chenebert, A., Breckon, T.P., Gaszczak, A. (September 2011). "A Non-
temporal Texture Driven Approach to Real-time Fire Detection".Proc.
International Conference on Image Processing.IEEE. pp. 1781–1784.
doi:10.1109/ICIP.2011.6115796.
[3] www.systemsensor.com_pdf_bulletins_limitations-of-fire-alarm-systems
[4] http://www.eeweb.com/blog/extreme_circuits/fire-alarm-using-thermistor
[5] NFPA 805 Performance-Based Standard for Fire Protection for Light Water
Reactor Electric Generating Plants. Chapter 3 Fundamental Fire Protection
Program and Design Elements: National Fire Protection Association. February
2001.
[6] http://metrolinesecurity.co.uk/commercial-fire-alarm-design-guide.php
[7] http://www.mycircuits9.com/2012/11/smoke-detector.html