In this Presentation, we were looking at the International aspects of Financial Management, Terminology, Foreign Exchange Markets & Exchange Rates, Exchange Rates & Interest Rates, Purchasing Power Parity, Exchange Rate Risk and Political Risk.
Floating exchange rate system in indiaHimani Gupta
Managed floating exchange rate system, Evolution of ERS in India, Objectives of Exchange rate management, Trends in exchange rate, appreciation and depreciation
balance of payment
Components of BOP
Current account
The financial account,
The capital account.
exchange rate
types of exchange rate
Fixed Exchange Rate System
Flexible Exchange Rate System
Managed Floating Rate System.
Floating exchange rate system in indiaHimani Gupta
Managed floating exchange rate system, Evolution of ERS in India, Objectives of Exchange rate management, Trends in exchange rate, appreciation and depreciation
balance of payment
Components of BOP
Current account
The financial account,
The capital account.
exchange rate
types of exchange rate
Fixed Exchange Rate System
Flexible Exchange Rate System
Managed Floating Rate System.
Gold standard is a monetary system in which the standard unit of currency is a fixed quantity of gold or is kept at the value of a fixed quantity of gold.
A detail on forex market is being provided refering to global forex hours and the need of forex market. DAILY TURNOVER OF THE GLOBAL FOREIGN EXCHANGE. Indian forex market is also explaied with reference to usd inr movement. A brief technical analysis is also provided explaning the different chart types
Gold standard is a monetary system in which the standard unit of currency is a fixed quantity of gold or is kept at the value of a fixed quantity of gold.
A detail on forex market is being provided refering to global forex hours and the need of forex market. DAILY TURNOVER OF THE GLOBAL FOREIGN EXCHANGE. Indian forex market is also explaied with reference to usd inr movement. A brief technical analysis is also provided explaning the different chart types
Currency Derivatives are available on four currency pairs viz. US Dollars (USD), Euro (EUR), Great Britain Pound (GBP) and Japanese Yen (JPY). Cross Currency ...
The trading of one currency for another or system of converting one national currency into another (Rupee for Dollar)
An exchange rate is the price of a currency (value of one currency relative to the other)
It is essential for the trading between nations
For Example: how many Indian rupees does it take to buy one US dollar?
If the exchange rate is 71, it means Rs. 71 are needed to buy 1 USD
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
5. EXCHANGE RATES
• The price of one country’s currency expressed
in terms of another country’s currency
All trading of currencies is in the form of US
dollars
Exchange rates are constantly changing
6. TYPES OF TRANSACTIONS
*Spot Trade: an agreement to exchange
currency on spot, or for the exchange rate today.
*Forward Trade: an agreement to exchange
currency at some time in the future.
7. 3. PURCHASING POWER PARITY
*Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)
• Adjustment of exchange of exchange rates
*2 Types of PPP:
• Absolute PPP
• Relative PPP
8. ABSOLUTE PURCHASING POWER
PARITY
• Commodity costs the same
• $1 buys same thing anywhere
Pfc=So*Pus
3 things must hold true
No transaction costs
No barriers to trading
Items must compare
9. McPRICING
• The Big Mac Index: The Economist
• Over/Under valued
Not priced equally
• Absolute PPP Example
stock on NYSE & Other countries
10. RELATIVE PURCHASING POWER PARITY
• Determine change in exchange rates over time
through inflation rates
• E(S1)=So[1+(hfc-hus)]
E(S1)-expected rate
So-current rate
Hfc-foreign country inflation rate
Hus-US inflation rate
• Appreciation VS Depreciation
11. 4. EXCHANGE RATES & INTEREST RATES
• Covered Interest Arbitrage
• Arbitrage: the simultaneous purchase and sale
of the same securities , commodities, or
foreign exchange in different markets to profit
from unequal prices
• Covered refers to the fact that we are covered
in the event of a change in exchange rates
because we lock in on the forward exchange
rate today.
12. COVERED INTEREST ARBITRAGE
• Ft=Forward exchange rate for the settlement
at time t
• Rus=US nominal risk-free interest rate
• Rfc=Foreign country nominal risk-free interest
rate
• So=spot exchange rate
13. FINDING THE RETURN ON US
INVESTMENT
• Suppose we start with $1 and invest it in a US
investment with a 10% risk-free interest
rate(RUS=0.10)
• $ Value in 1 period=$1(1+RUS)
=$1(1+0.10)
=$(1.10)
• $ value in period=$1.10
• This means that in one period (one year), your original
investment of $1 will now be worth $1.10.
• The return on this investment is 10%.
14. TO FIND THE RETURN ON A FOREIGN
INVESTMENT
• Suppose we start with $1 and invest it a Uganda
investment with a 5% risk-free interest rate (RS=0.05)
• Convert the $1 into UShs. By multiplying it by the spot
exchange rate (So=2.0);
$1(So)
$1(2.0)=2.0 Ushs
• Invest our 2.0 Ushs at an interest rate of 5%
Ugshs value in one year=Ushs3.5(1+RS)
UShs2.0(1+0.05)
Ushs2.0(1.05)
• UShs value in one year=Ushs2.10
15. TO FIND THE RETURN ON A FOREIGN
INVESTMENT
• Then , we have to convert our Ushs 2.10 back
into US currency at the previously agreed
upon forward exchange rate of Ushs1.90
$ value in one year=ushs2.10/1.90
$ value in one year=$1.1053%
• Return on this investment=10.53%, >10%
return on this US investment, meaning
arbitrage opportunity
16. TO FIND THE RETURN ON A FOREIGN
INVESTMENT
• You can sum up all of this into one big
formula;
$ value in one year=$1xSox(1+Rs)/F1
$ value in one year=$1x2.00x(1.05/1.9)
• $ value in year=$1.1053
• Parity: the equivalence in in the currency of
another country
17. INTEREST RATE PARITY
• Interest Rate Parity: states that the interest
rate differential between two countries is
equal to the % difference between the
forward exchange rate
• To prevent arbitrage, return on US investment
and foreign investment must equal
(1+Rus)=Sox(1+Rfc)/F1
18. INTEREST RATE PARITY
IRF FORMULA Ft=Sox(1+(Rfc-Rus)}
• IRP tells us that any difference in interest rates
between two countries for a period is offset by
the change in the relative value of the currencies,
thereby eliminating any arbitrage possibilities.
• F1 indicates what the forward rate must be in
order to prevent covered interest arbitrage; i.e.,
return for US investment & foreign investment
equal
20. SHORT RUN EXPOSURE
• Day-to-fluctuations create risk
• Different currencies create greater risk
• Ways to reduce short-exposure
21. LONG-RUN EXPOSURE
• The value of foreign operations can fluctuate
• Matching foreign currency inflows and
outflows
• Borrowing in a foreign country
• Automotive industry example
22. TRANSLATION EXPOSURE
• A firm must “translate” everything into
dollars
• 2 issues may arise from foreign operations
1. Determining the appropriate exchange rate
2. How gains and looses should be
determined
• Impact on an international company’s
reported EPS
23. 6. POLITICAL RISK
*Political RISK-risk related to changes in value
that arises because of political action
*Firms in riskier countries:
• May lend to higher returns on investment
• Critical operations interrupted
• Contracts abrogated
• Outright confiscation
24. NATURE OF THE BUSINESS
*Business not valuable in the hands of a
different owners are likely to be confiscated
*Examples:
• Specialized Manufacturing components-Low
Risk
• Natural Resource Developments-High Risk
25. HEDGING POLITICAL RISK
*Example: Use of local financing, perhaps from
government of thee foreign country
• Can refuse to pay debt if unfavorable political
activities