The document discusses exchange rates and factors that influence them. It defines exchange rate as the value of one currency compared to another, such as the current rate of $1 USD to 62 Indian rupees. Exchange rates can fluctuate depending on factors like a country's gold reserves, trade balances, foreign investment, inflation rates, public debt levels, political stability, interest rates, and current account deficits. The document also mentions different stages of inflation from creeping to hyperinflation.

1. Presented by:
Pratik Nepal

2. EXCHANGE RATE
The value of one currency for the purpose of conversion to
another.
For example: Today rate of one dollar can be compared with
Indian rupees.
1 US dollar= 62 rupees.

3. EXCHANGE RATE FLUCTUATION
Exchange Rate fluctuation are the increase or decrease
in the value of currency as against the other currency at
International level.

4. FACTOR DETERMING EXCHANGE
RATE
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Gold Reserve
Import and Export
Foreign Investment
Inflation
Public Debt
Political stability
Interest rates
Current account deficits.

5. STAGES & RATE OF
INFLATION
 Creeping Inflation
 Walking or Trotting Inflation
 Running Inflation
 Hyperinflation