This document discusses various aspects of finance management in Echjay Steel company. It covers the following key points:
1. The finance department manages all financial activities of the company including capital budgeting, profit distribution, sourcing capital, and accounting.
2. The organization structure of the finance department includes a finance manager who oversees assistants, a cash/bank manager, costing assistant, and clerks.
3. The company obtains short-term financing from internal sources like profits and long-term financing from external sources like banks. Capitalization and working capital management are also discussed.
Working capital management project report mbaBabasab Patil
This document provides an index and executive summary of a study on the working capital management of Bahety Chemicals & Minerals Pvt Ltd, located in Dandeli, India. The study examines the company's working capital over a five year period from 2006-2010. Key findings include that the company's working capital and profits have increased each year, and it maintains current and quick ratios above standard requirements, indicating a satisfactory level of working capital management and liquidity. The document outlines the objectives, scope, limitations and methodology of the study.
Working capital refers to a company's short-term assets and liabilities. There are two main concepts of working capital - gross working capital, which is the total investment in current assets, and net working capital, which is the difference between current assets and current liabilities. A company's working capital requirements are determined by factors like its nature of business, production cycle, and seasonal needs. There are different approaches to financing working capital, including the hedging approach of matching debt maturities to needs, the conservative approach of financing all current assets with long-term debt, and the aggressive approach of relying more on short-term debt.
This document provides background information on the steel industry. It discusses the history of steel production dating back to ancient China. It then discusses the global steel industry, noting recent years of growth in supply and demand. For the Indian steel industry, it outlines the development of major steel plants after independence, with Steel Authority of India (SAIL) now accounting for over 40% of production. It positions steel as crucial for modern development and notes India's steel industry is growing to meet rising domestic and export demand from key sectors.
This document provides an overview of a study on working capital management conducted at Sejal Glass Limited. It includes:
1) An introduction outlining the purpose and scope of the study, as well as acknowledgements of those who guided the project.
2) A table of contents listing the different chapters covering topics such as the company profile, data analysis, findings, and conclusion.
3) Background information on working capital management, including definitions, objectives, and the operating cycle.
The document appears to be a student project report analyzing working capital practices at Sejal Glass Limited in order to make recommendations for improvement.
The document provides an overview of the Indian financial system. It discusses the role of financial markets and institutions in capital formation and economic development. It describes the key components of the Indian financial system including commercial banks, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), money markets, capital markets, and foreign exchange markets. It outlines the functions of RBI as the central bank and regulator of the banking system and discusses the types and roles of commercial banks in India.
A project report on working capital managementBabasab Patil
The document provides information about the history and development of the tourism and travel industry as well as Shree Dayal Tours & Travels Pvt Ltd. It discusses how transportation has evolved from walking and horses to trains, bicycles, streetcars, buses, and automobiles. It also mentions how Air India was the first government airline in India and how private airlines later developed and helped grow domestic tourism. Shree Dayal Tours & Travels Pvt Ltd is a medium-sized travel company located in Mumbai that was established in 2001 and provides various travel services.
This document presents an analysis of the financial statements of Bharat Bags, a manufacturing company located in Nizamabad, India. It defines financial analysis and outlines the objectives of analyzing Bharat Bags' financial position and operations. The methodology section explains that the analysis will use the company's balance sheets and profit and loss statements as well as tools like ratios to interpret its financial position. Key findings include the company's current ratio showing a downward trend, indicating an inability to meet current obligations, and its sales increasing each year. Suggestions are made to improve the current ratio and reduce debt collection periods.
This presentation was submitted to RNB Global University for the partial fulfillment of BBA by Gautam Chopra & Chaman. Different Forms of Project Organization including 4 types
Functional Organization, Divisional Organization, Matrix Organization, & Projectized Organization
Working capital management project report mbaBabasab Patil
This document provides an index and executive summary of a study on the working capital management of Bahety Chemicals & Minerals Pvt Ltd, located in Dandeli, India. The study examines the company's working capital over a five year period from 2006-2010. Key findings include that the company's working capital and profits have increased each year, and it maintains current and quick ratios above standard requirements, indicating a satisfactory level of working capital management and liquidity. The document outlines the objectives, scope, limitations and methodology of the study.
Working capital refers to a company's short-term assets and liabilities. There are two main concepts of working capital - gross working capital, which is the total investment in current assets, and net working capital, which is the difference between current assets and current liabilities. A company's working capital requirements are determined by factors like its nature of business, production cycle, and seasonal needs. There are different approaches to financing working capital, including the hedging approach of matching debt maturities to needs, the conservative approach of financing all current assets with long-term debt, and the aggressive approach of relying more on short-term debt.
This document provides background information on the steel industry. It discusses the history of steel production dating back to ancient China. It then discusses the global steel industry, noting recent years of growth in supply and demand. For the Indian steel industry, it outlines the development of major steel plants after independence, with Steel Authority of India (SAIL) now accounting for over 40% of production. It positions steel as crucial for modern development and notes India's steel industry is growing to meet rising domestic and export demand from key sectors.
This document provides an overview of a study on working capital management conducted at Sejal Glass Limited. It includes:
1) An introduction outlining the purpose and scope of the study, as well as acknowledgements of those who guided the project.
2) A table of contents listing the different chapters covering topics such as the company profile, data analysis, findings, and conclusion.
3) Background information on working capital management, including definitions, objectives, and the operating cycle.
The document appears to be a student project report analyzing working capital practices at Sejal Glass Limited in order to make recommendations for improvement.
The document provides an overview of the Indian financial system. It discusses the role of financial markets and institutions in capital formation and economic development. It describes the key components of the Indian financial system including commercial banks, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), money markets, capital markets, and foreign exchange markets. It outlines the functions of RBI as the central bank and regulator of the banking system and discusses the types and roles of commercial banks in India.
A project report on working capital managementBabasab Patil
The document provides information about the history and development of the tourism and travel industry as well as Shree Dayal Tours & Travels Pvt Ltd. It discusses how transportation has evolved from walking and horses to trains, bicycles, streetcars, buses, and automobiles. It also mentions how Air India was the first government airline in India and how private airlines later developed and helped grow domestic tourism. Shree Dayal Tours & Travels Pvt Ltd is a medium-sized travel company located in Mumbai that was established in 2001 and provides various travel services.
This document presents an analysis of the financial statements of Bharat Bags, a manufacturing company located in Nizamabad, India. It defines financial analysis and outlines the objectives of analyzing Bharat Bags' financial position and operations. The methodology section explains that the analysis will use the company's balance sheets and profit and loss statements as well as tools like ratios to interpret its financial position. Key findings include the company's current ratio showing a downward trend, indicating an inability to meet current obligations, and its sales increasing each year. Suggestions are made to improve the current ratio and reduce debt collection periods.
This presentation was submitted to RNB Global University for the partial fulfillment of BBA by Gautam Chopra & Chaman. Different Forms of Project Organization including 4 types
Functional Organization, Divisional Organization, Matrix Organization, & Projectized Organization
This document discusses factors that affect working capital requirements for businesses. It defines working capital and distinguishes between gross and net working capital. Some key factors that influence working capital needs include the nature of the business, size, production processes, seasonality, credit policies, and business growth rates. Manufacturing businesses tend to require more working capital due to longer production cycles. Faster inventory turnover and less generous credit terms also reduce working capital needs.
The document outlines the various schedules that make up a bank's balance sheet and profit and loss statement. The balance sheet schedules include capital and liabilities such as reserves and surplus, deposits, borrowings, and other liabilities. Asset schedules include cash and bank balances, investments, advances, fixed deposits, and other assets. The profit and loss statement schedule outlines the components of interest earned, including interest/discount on loans less rebates, and interest accrued on investments.
The document provides background information on working capital management. It discusses how working capital is essential for companies to meet daily expenses but needs to be managed properly. It then introduces the Orissa Power Transmission Corporation Limited (OPTCL), one of India's largest power transmission organizations, as the focus of the study. The study will analyze OPTCL's working capital position and make recommendations. It outlines the objectives, hypotheses and limitations of the study. Finally, it provides an overview of OPTCL, including its vision, mission and operations across Orissa.
This document discusses receivables management. It defines receivables as money owed to a firm by customers from sales. Effective receivables management optimizes profits by balancing investment in receivables with sales levels and costs of maintaining receivables like capital costs and collection costs. Firms must determine appropriate credit policies including credit terms, credit limits, and collection efforts to maximize returns while minimizing bad debts and collection period. Tools like credit analysis, aging schedules, and ratio analysis help firms monitor receivables and collection performance.
The document discusses dividend policy and provides details about:
1. The meaning of dividend and dividend policy, and factors that affect dividend policy such as ownership considerations, nature of business, and investment opportunities.
2. Different types of dividends including cash dividend, stock dividend, property dividend, and debenture dividend.
3. Dividend policies of 5 major Indian IT companies - Tata Consultancy Services, Wipro, Infosys, HCL Technologies, and Larsen & Toubro Infotech - and their dividend yields for the fiscal year 2013.
Equity shares represent ownership in a company and are an important source of long-term capital financing. Preference shares have preferential rights to dividends and assets but limited voting rights. Debentures are a form of debt where the company promises to repay the principal along with interest. Other sources of financing discussed include retained earnings, loans from banks and financial institutions, public deposits, trade credit, leasing, factoring, and commercial paper.
The document summarizes a study on working capital management of OPTCL, a power transmission company in Orissa, India. Key findings include that OPTCL had negative working capital over 2008-2011 due to current liabilities exceeding current assets. Current ratios were also unsatisfactory. Debtors were high and increasing, blocking more funds. OPTCL needs to improve working capital management by decreasing current liabilities, increasing revenue collection, and shortening average collection periods. Effective working capital management is important for organizational profitability and growth.
The document discusses working capital, which represents a business's liquidity and ability to meet short-term debts and expenses. It defines working capital's key components and importance, outlines formulas for calculating optimal levels, and financing options. It then analyzes an Indian steel manufacturer's working capital cycle, current ratio, inventory levels, and compares it to peers. Recommendations include increasing creditors cycles, exploring factoring, and utilizing export financing options to improve liquidity.
WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT OF TATA STEELVIVEK SHARMA
This document is a project report submitted by Vivek Kumar Sharma to Rashtrasant Tukdoji Maharaj Nagpur University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Business Administration degree. The report focuses on working capital management at Tata Steel Ltd and includes an introduction, company profile of Tata Steel, research methodology, objectives and scope, findings and interpretation, limitations, conclusion, bibliography, and annexure. It provides an overview of Tata Steel's history, acquisitions, products, subsidiaries, and facilities.
1) Working capital refers to the capital required to finance short-term operating expenses like inventory, accounts receivable, and cash. It revolves quickly as assets are sold and replaced with new current assets.
2) There are different types of working capital classified by basis - gross working capital refers to total current assets while net working capital is current assets minus current liabilities. Working capital is also classified as permanent/fixed or temporary/variable.
3) Permanent working capital is needed continuously to operate the business while temporary working capital fluctuates to meet seasonal or specific needs like launches or strikes. Maintaining adequate working capital is important for business operations and liquidity.
This document is a project report submitted by Thoudam Suraj Singh to the University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya in partial fulfillment of an MBA degree. The project examines working capital management at Bajaj Corp Limited over 5 years using ratio analysis. It includes an introduction outlining the importance of working capital management and ratio analysis. The report contains chapters on working capital and ratio analysis concepts, the company profile of Bajaj Corp, an analysis of the company's ratios calculated from its financial statements, findings and suggestions. Ratio analysis is used as a tool to evaluate the company's liquidity, activity, and working capital management over the period studied.
Development financial institutions (DFIs) play an important role in India by providing long-term financing for industrial and infrastructure projects. DFIs were established to resolve market failures in financing long-term investments. Some of the first DFIs were created in Europe in the 1800s, and helped drive industrialization. In Asia, Japan Development Bank fostered rapid industrialization. In India, several national and state-level DFIs were established after independence to promote industrialization and rural development through long-term financing. National-level DFIs include NABARD, IFCI, IDBI, SIDBI, and Exim Bank, while state-level DFIs include State Financial Corporations and
Standard Chartered Bank and Mahindra Finance use different sources of long-term and short-term finance. Standard Chartered Bank relies more on equity capital (58%) and internal accruals like reserves and surplus (24%). It uses less debentures (20%) and term loans (8%). In contrast, Mahindra Finance has lower equity capital (42%) but higher use of debentures (33%) and both long-term and short-term term loans (13%). While Standard Chartered Bank has less dependence on outside sources, Mahindra Finance relies more on external financing through debentures and loans.
This document provides an overview of venture capital financing in India. It defines venture capital as money provided by outside investors to finance new, growing, or troubled businesses in exchange for equity. It then discusses the various stages of venture capital funding including early stage, expansion, and acquisition/buyout financing. The rest of the document outlines the venture capital investment process, including deal origination, screening, evaluation, deal structuring, post-investment activities, and exit planning. It also provides examples of venture capital funding deals in India and lists the top 5 early stage venture capital firms in the country.
Project finance deals with analyzing the financial feasibility of a particular project based on expected cash flows. It is a form of financing used for long-term infrastructure and industrial projects that often involve governments. Key features include risk sharing between multiple parties and better management. The different stages of project finance include feasibility, structuring, and implementation. Advantages are reducing lender recourse and maximizing leverage, while disadvantages include higher costs and disclosure requirements. Parties typically involved are the project company, sponsors, lenders, host government, offtaker, suppliers, and contractors. Sources of finance include loans, equity, retained profits, and sale/leaseback arrangements.
The document provides information about various foreign banks operating in India such as Citibank, HSBC, Standard Chartered Bank, and ABN AMRO Bank. It discusses their history, products and services offered, and key facts. Some of the major points covered are that Citibank was the first foreign bank to start operations in India in 1902, HSBC provides personal banking, business banking, and corporate banking services, Standard Chartered Bank originated from a merger in 1969 and was the first to issue a global credit card in India, and ABN AMRO Bank has been present in India since 1920 and focuses on corporate banking and transaction services.
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) uses various quantitative and qualitative credit control methods to influence the availability and cost of credit in India. Quantitative methods include reserve ratios like cash reserve ratio and statutory liquidity ratio, as well as policy rates such as repo rate and reverse repo rate. Qualitative methods involve credit rationing, margin requirements, and consumer credit controls. The RBI has extensive powers under the Banking Regulation Act to apply these selective credit control measures and influence monetary policy in India.
L&T Finance Holdings Ltd is a large NBFC operating in finance sector in India. It provides various financial services including loans, insurance, factoring etc. The company follows frameworks like GRI, NVG, UNGC to report on economic, environmental and social performances. It ensures ethics and transparency in business operations and incorporates social/environmental factors. The company focuses on talent acquisition and development, transparency, learning and good governance in its HR policy.
The document discusses a study on working capital management with reference to Bajrangbali Alloys Private Limited in Orissa. It includes chapters on the theoretical framework of working capital management, the methodology used in the study, an organizational profile of Bajrangbali Alloys, an analysis of the company's net working capital, findings from the study, and suggestions and conclusions. The study analyzes the management of current assets and current liabilities at Bajrangbali Alloys over multiple years.
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This document provides information about Marwadi Shares and Finance Pvt. Ltd. (MSFPL), including its establishment in 1991, branches across Gujarat, and services offered such as stock broking, depository services, insurance, and mutual funds. MSFPL has over 3000 clients, 27 branches, and aims to maximize client wealth through quality financial services and advanced technologies. The document outlines MSFPL's timekeeping policies, gate pass security system, and an overview of its first and second floor service departments.
This document discusses factors that affect working capital requirements for businesses. It defines working capital and distinguishes between gross and net working capital. Some key factors that influence working capital needs include the nature of the business, size, production processes, seasonality, credit policies, and business growth rates. Manufacturing businesses tend to require more working capital due to longer production cycles. Faster inventory turnover and less generous credit terms also reduce working capital needs.
The document outlines the various schedules that make up a bank's balance sheet and profit and loss statement. The balance sheet schedules include capital and liabilities such as reserves and surplus, deposits, borrowings, and other liabilities. Asset schedules include cash and bank balances, investments, advances, fixed deposits, and other assets. The profit and loss statement schedule outlines the components of interest earned, including interest/discount on loans less rebates, and interest accrued on investments.
The document provides background information on working capital management. It discusses how working capital is essential for companies to meet daily expenses but needs to be managed properly. It then introduces the Orissa Power Transmission Corporation Limited (OPTCL), one of India's largest power transmission organizations, as the focus of the study. The study will analyze OPTCL's working capital position and make recommendations. It outlines the objectives, hypotheses and limitations of the study. Finally, it provides an overview of OPTCL, including its vision, mission and operations across Orissa.
This document discusses receivables management. It defines receivables as money owed to a firm by customers from sales. Effective receivables management optimizes profits by balancing investment in receivables with sales levels and costs of maintaining receivables like capital costs and collection costs. Firms must determine appropriate credit policies including credit terms, credit limits, and collection efforts to maximize returns while minimizing bad debts and collection period. Tools like credit analysis, aging schedules, and ratio analysis help firms monitor receivables and collection performance.
The document discusses dividend policy and provides details about:
1. The meaning of dividend and dividend policy, and factors that affect dividend policy such as ownership considerations, nature of business, and investment opportunities.
2. Different types of dividends including cash dividend, stock dividend, property dividend, and debenture dividend.
3. Dividend policies of 5 major Indian IT companies - Tata Consultancy Services, Wipro, Infosys, HCL Technologies, and Larsen & Toubro Infotech - and their dividend yields for the fiscal year 2013.
Equity shares represent ownership in a company and are an important source of long-term capital financing. Preference shares have preferential rights to dividends and assets but limited voting rights. Debentures are a form of debt where the company promises to repay the principal along with interest. Other sources of financing discussed include retained earnings, loans from banks and financial institutions, public deposits, trade credit, leasing, factoring, and commercial paper.
The document summarizes a study on working capital management of OPTCL, a power transmission company in Orissa, India. Key findings include that OPTCL had negative working capital over 2008-2011 due to current liabilities exceeding current assets. Current ratios were also unsatisfactory. Debtors were high and increasing, blocking more funds. OPTCL needs to improve working capital management by decreasing current liabilities, increasing revenue collection, and shortening average collection periods. Effective working capital management is important for organizational profitability and growth.
The document discusses working capital, which represents a business's liquidity and ability to meet short-term debts and expenses. It defines working capital's key components and importance, outlines formulas for calculating optimal levels, and financing options. It then analyzes an Indian steel manufacturer's working capital cycle, current ratio, inventory levels, and compares it to peers. Recommendations include increasing creditors cycles, exploring factoring, and utilizing export financing options to improve liquidity.
WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT OF TATA STEELVIVEK SHARMA
This document is a project report submitted by Vivek Kumar Sharma to Rashtrasant Tukdoji Maharaj Nagpur University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Business Administration degree. The report focuses on working capital management at Tata Steel Ltd and includes an introduction, company profile of Tata Steel, research methodology, objectives and scope, findings and interpretation, limitations, conclusion, bibliography, and annexure. It provides an overview of Tata Steel's history, acquisitions, products, subsidiaries, and facilities.
1) Working capital refers to the capital required to finance short-term operating expenses like inventory, accounts receivable, and cash. It revolves quickly as assets are sold and replaced with new current assets.
2) There are different types of working capital classified by basis - gross working capital refers to total current assets while net working capital is current assets minus current liabilities. Working capital is also classified as permanent/fixed or temporary/variable.
3) Permanent working capital is needed continuously to operate the business while temporary working capital fluctuates to meet seasonal or specific needs like launches or strikes. Maintaining adequate working capital is important for business operations and liquidity.
This document is a project report submitted by Thoudam Suraj Singh to the University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya in partial fulfillment of an MBA degree. The project examines working capital management at Bajaj Corp Limited over 5 years using ratio analysis. It includes an introduction outlining the importance of working capital management and ratio analysis. The report contains chapters on working capital and ratio analysis concepts, the company profile of Bajaj Corp, an analysis of the company's ratios calculated from its financial statements, findings and suggestions. Ratio analysis is used as a tool to evaluate the company's liquidity, activity, and working capital management over the period studied.
Development financial institutions (DFIs) play an important role in India by providing long-term financing for industrial and infrastructure projects. DFIs were established to resolve market failures in financing long-term investments. Some of the first DFIs were created in Europe in the 1800s, and helped drive industrialization. In Asia, Japan Development Bank fostered rapid industrialization. In India, several national and state-level DFIs were established after independence to promote industrialization and rural development through long-term financing. National-level DFIs include NABARD, IFCI, IDBI, SIDBI, and Exim Bank, while state-level DFIs include State Financial Corporations and
Standard Chartered Bank and Mahindra Finance use different sources of long-term and short-term finance. Standard Chartered Bank relies more on equity capital (58%) and internal accruals like reserves and surplus (24%). It uses less debentures (20%) and term loans (8%). In contrast, Mahindra Finance has lower equity capital (42%) but higher use of debentures (33%) and both long-term and short-term term loans (13%). While Standard Chartered Bank has less dependence on outside sources, Mahindra Finance relies more on external financing through debentures and loans.
This document provides an overview of venture capital financing in India. It defines venture capital as money provided by outside investors to finance new, growing, or troubled businesses in exchange for equity. It then discusses the various stages of venture capital funding including early stage, expansion, and acquisition/buyout financing. The rest of the document outlines the venture capital investment process, including deal origination, screening, evaluation, deal structuring, post-investment activities, and exit planning. It also provides examples of venture capital funding deals in India and lists the top 5 early stage venture capital firms in the country.
Project finance deals with analyzing the financial feasibility of a particular project based on expected cash flows. It is a form of financing used for long-term infrastructure and industrial projects that often involve governments. Key features include risk sharing between multiple parties and better management. The different stages of project finance include feasibility, structuring, and implementation. Advantages are reducing lender recourse and maximizing leverage, while disadvantages include higher costs and disclosure requirements. Parties typically involved are the project company, sponsors, lenders, host government, offtaker, suppliers, and contractors. Sources of finance include loans, equity, retained profits, and sale/leaseback arrangements.
The document provides information about various foreign banks operating in India such as Citibank, HSBC, Standard Chartered Bank, and ABN AMRO Bank. It discusses their history, products and services offered, and key facts. Some of the major points covered are that Citibank was the first foreign bank to start operations in India in 1902, HSBC provides personal banking, business banking, and corporate banking services, Standard Chartered Bank originated from a merger in 1969 and was the first to issue a global credit card in India, and ABN AMRO Bank has been present in India since 1920 and focuses on corporate banking and transaction services.
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) uses various quantitative and qualitative credit control methods to influence the availability and cost of credit in India. Quantitative methods include reserve ratios like cash reserve ratio and statutory liquidity ratio, as well as policy rates such as repo rate and reverse repo rate. Qualitative methods involve credit rationing, margin requirements, and consumer credit controls. The RBI has extensive powers under the Banking Regulation Act to apply these selective credit control measures and influence monetary policy in India.
L&T Finance Holdings Ltd is a large NBFC operating in finance sector in India. It provides various financial services including loans, insurance, factoring etc. The company follows frameworks like GRI, NVG, UNGC to report on economic, environmental and social performances. It ensures ethics and transparency in business operations and incorporates social/environmental factors. The company focuses on talent acquisition and development, transparency, learning and good governance in its HR policy.
The document discusses a study on working capital management with reference to Bajrangbali Alloys Private Limited in Orissa. It includes chapters on the theoretical framework of working capital management, the methodology used in the study, an organizational profile of Bajrangbali Alloys, an analysis of the company's net working capital, findings from the study, and suggestions and conclusions. The study analyzes the management of current assets and current liabilities at Bajrangbali Alloys over multiple years.
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This document provides information about Marwadi Shares and Finance Pvt. Ltd. (MSFPL), including its establishment in 1991, branches across Gujarat, and services offered such as stock broking, depository services, insurance, and mutual funds. MSFPL has over 3000 clients, 27 branches, and aims to maximize client wealth through quality financial services and advanced technologies. The document outlines MSFPL's timekeeping policies, gate pass security system, and an overview of its first and second floor service departments.
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The document is a report submitted to Surashatra University about a practical training conducted at Rajkot People's Co-operative Bank Ltd. It includes general information about the bank like its establishment year, chairman, branches. It outlines the objectives of the bank such as increasing deposits and profits. It also describes the board of directors and provides data on the bank's share capital, deposits, advances and net profit over the years 2002-2005 showing an increase.
The document appears to be a report on a visit to the Rajkot People's Co-op Bank Ltd. It includes sections on the bank's general information, various internal departments like human resources, marketing, loans, and accounting. The report was prepared by a student as part of their academic program and provides an overview of the bank's operations and departments.
The document is a report on The Co-operative Bank of Rajkot Ltd (Raj Bank). It provides an overview of the bank, including its mission, leadership structure, branch network, services offered, human resources practices, marketing, finance management, SWOT analysis, future plans and suggestions. The report was submitted to Saurashtra University by Chirag Limbashiya, a BBA student, as part of a practical training requirement at Raj Bank under the guidance of Niraj Pandya.
Sharekhan provides various services to its clients including online and offline trading facilities for stocks, derivatives and commodities. It has over 180 share shops across India. The marketing department aims to provide guidance to clients and the best customer service. Services include online trading platforms, investment advice from research teams, depository services, and access to other financial products like mutual funds. Sharekhan has experienced growth and aims to expand further into related sectors like banking and insurance.
The document provides information about the finance department and their responsibilities which include handling employee wages, petty cash, paying suppliers, and receiving money from customers. It also discusses tasks related to invoicing customers, issuing credit notes for returned goods, and sending statements with payment information. The document contains examples of an invoice and credit note forms and instructs the reader to complete tasks related to entering information into spreadsheets.
Samsung Electronics was founded in 1969 and has since grown to become the world's largest technology company based on revenue. It offers a wide range of consumer electronics products including televisions, mobile phones, and other devices. Samsung uses marketing strategies such as brand ambassadors, promotional offers, contests, and customer service to promote its products. It targets demographics like middle-aged groups, teenagers, and executives, as well as businesses. Samsung positions itself as a high-end and innovative brand and sees opportunities in capturing more of the Indian mass market and leveraging its reputation for quality products.
This document provides an introduction to corporate finance. It discusses key topics including the meaning of corporate finance, the importance of corporate finance for business success, capital requirements including fixed and working capital, and components of capital structure. The summary is:
Corporate finance deals with how corporations raise and use capital. It discusses the acquisition and use of capital by businesses. Corporate finance is important for business success as it helps with decision making, raising capital for projects, research and development, smooth business operations, and managing risk. Capital requirements include fixed capital for long-term assets and working capital for day-to-day operations. The capital structure refers to the mix of different sources of funding such as equity, preference shares, debt, and
The document discusses financial management and capital structure. It defines financial management as planning, directing, monitoring, and controlling a company's monetary resources. It also discusses the key objectives of financial management which include creating wealth, generating cash flow, and providing sufficient returns. The document then covers various aspects of financial management including financial planning, organizing, controlling, and reporting. It also discusses the importance of financial management and fundamental financial management decisions related to investments, financing, and dividends. Finally, the document defines capital structure and discusses different types of capital including equity and debt capital. It also covers various approaches to analyzing capital structure.
The functions of a financial manager include:
1. Estimating financial requirements, selecting sources of funds, allocating funds, analyzing financial performance, capital budgeting, working capital management, profit planning and control, providing fair returns to investors, and maintaining liquidity and maximizing wealth.
2. Selecting the right sources of funds at the right time and cost, such as equity, debt, or preferred shares.
3. Distributing funds between capital and operating expenditures and evaluating investment proposals.
Chapter 1 financial management – introduction & goals of the firmIbrahim Sameer
This document provides an introduction to financial management, including the goals of firms and roles of finance managers. It discusses that the primary goal of a firm is to maximize shareholder wealth. It also describes potential agency problems that can arise between managers and shareholders due to differing objectives. Additionally, it outlines the key roles of a finance manager in making investment and financing decisions, financial planning, and interacting with financial markets. Finally, it briefly introduces different types of business organizations like sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations.
The document provides an introduction to working capital management. It defines working capital as "capital invested in current assets" which are assets that can be converted to cash within a short time. It then discusses key concepts like gross working capital, net working capital, and the operating cycle. The importance of working capital management and determining adequate working capital requirements is emphasized. Techniques for managing current assets like cash, receivables, and inventory are also summarized.
meaning of financial management, objectives of financial management. basic concept of financial management role of finance manager key functions of finance
This document provides an introduction and overview of finance and working capital management. It defines finance as the lifeblood of economic activity and discusses the importance of an efficient financial system. It then defines working capital as the capital used for day-to-day business operations, including current assets like inventory, receivables, and cash. The document outlines the objectives of working capital management as maintaining an optimal level of working capital that is neither excessive nor inadequate. It also discusses the different types of working capital and provides an overview of a company's working capital cycle.
This document discusses financial management and provides an overview of funds flow statements. It defines financial management as dealing with the management of money matters. It also defines funds flow statements as statements that show the movement of funds and the sources and applications of funds for a business over a period of time. Funds flow statements are important as they help business owners and investors understand the incoming and outgoing cash flows of a business and assess its financial standing over time. The objectives of preparing funds flow statements are to analyze the movement of funds between balance sheet dates and identify changes in working capital elements.
This document provides an overview of financial management. It defines key terms like accounting, financial management, and their various roles. It describes the goals of financial management as maximizing profits and shareholder wealth. It also outlines the major activities of businesses including financing, operating, and investing activities. Finally, it discusses the major areas of financial decision making for firms, including investment decisions, financing decisions, asset management, liquidity decisions, and dividend decisions.
conceptual learning for FM Unit-1-1.pptxssusera156cd
This document provides an overview of essential concepts in financial management. It begins by defining key terms like finance, financial management, and objectives of financial management such as maximizing profits, returns, and wealth.
It then covers major functions of financial management like investment decisions, financing decisions, dividend decisions, and liquidity decisions. Specific topics discussed include risk-return tradeoff, time value of money concepts like present and future values, and discounting and compounding.
The roles and responsibilities of a financial manager are also summarized, which include raising funds, allocating funds, profit planning, and understanding capital markets. Finally, the document outlines the scope of financial management and its relationship to disciplines like economics, accounting, and mathematics
A project on working capital management in bhelProjects Kart
The document provides an overview of Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL), a large Indian power equipment manufacturing company. It discusses BHEL's history, operations, quality certifications, product range, and power generation capabilities. Specific power projects completed by BHEL in southern and northern India are also listed. In under 3 sentences:
BHEL is a major Indian manufacturer of power generation and industrial equipment, with a history dating back to the 1950s. It has a wide range of thermal, gas, hydro, and industrial products and has completed numerous power projects across India. The document outlines BHEL's operations, certifications, products, power generation capabilities, and lists specific projects in southern and northern regions of India
The document provides an introduction to finance and working capital management. It discusses how working capital is the lifeblood of any organization and is needed to ensure funds are raised and utilized effectively. It then defines key accounting terms like profit and loss statement, balance sheet, and financial statements. It outlines the objectives of the study as examining the liquidity, working capital position, and short-term financial health of Kotak Mahindra Bank. Finally, it discusses some limitations of the study and identifies primary and secondary sources of data.
The document provides an overview of financial management concepts including the meaning, nature, scope and objectives of financial management. It discusses the organizational structure of a finance department and key responsibilities of a financial manager such as capital budgeting, investment decisions, and cash management. The document also covers understanding capital markets, related disciplines like finance and accounting, components and major differences between the old and new formats of a balance sheet as per Indian accounting standards. In summary, the document serves as an introductory guide to basic concepts in the field of financial management.
Financial management involves planning, organizing, and controlling financial resources of a business. It includes investment decisions, financial decisions, and dividend decisions. The objectives of financial management are to ensure adequate funding, returns, utilization of funds, safety of investments, and a sound capital structure. Key functions include estimating capital needs, determining capital composition, choosing funding sources, investing funds, disposing of profits, managing cash flows, and applying financial controls. Financial statements like the balance sheet, income statement, cash flow statement, and statement of equity are prepared to analyze the financial performance and position of a business.
1) Financial management involves planning, organizing, and controlling a company's monetary resources and their efficient use.
2) Common long-term sources of financing include equity shares, preference shares, debentures, and bonds which provide capital for fixed assets and long-term working capital needs.
3) Short-term financing needs are met through short-term loans and trade credit that support daily operations and expenses.
This document analyzes and compares key financial ratios and cash flows of Reliance Capital and India Bulls for the years 2005-2007. It finds that while both companies have grown profits significantly over this period, Reliance Capital relies more heavily on investment income, has higher leverage, and a larger capital base. India Bulls invests a larger portion of profits back into assets. Both companies have increased borrowing substantially to fund expansion. Overall, Reliance Capital's profitability is more dependent on one-time investment gains while India Bulls maintains steadier margins.
unit 1-1.pdf eco and finance pdf for the studentsishika1995rao
The document discusses various topics related to finance including definitions of finance, features of finance, time value of money, sources of finance, objectives of financial management, and profit maximization vs wealth maximization. Some key points:
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- Sources of finance can be long-term like equity/debt, or short-term like bank loans. Objectives of financial management include profit maximization and wealth maximization for shareholders.
- Profit maximization aims to increase profits but has limitations, while wealth maximization considers net present value and long-term
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This document contains a student's declaration for a project on working capital management at Maharashtra Bank. It includes a declaration by the student Ekta Bid that the information submitted is true and original. It also includes a certificate from the project guide, Professor Nishikant Jha, certifying that Ekta completed the project. Ekta acknowledges and thanks Professor Jha and her friends for their support and guidance during the project.
This document discusses working capital management. It defines working capital as the capital required for financing short-term assets like cash, debtors, and inventory. Maintaining adequate working capital is important for business solvency and efficiency. There are two concepts of working capital - gross working capital refers to total current assets, while net working capital is current assets minus current liabilities and measures liquidity. Factors like the operating cycle, credit terms, and expenses must be considered to estimate working capital requirements.
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1. Introduction
Finance is lifeblood of business. It is reightly termed as the science of the
money. We need finance for production of goods and service as well as their
distribution. The affiance of the production and marketing operation is directly
influenced by the manner in which the faience function assumes an important role in
the business system and it should be given equal importance, as with production and
marketing function
It has been said that business man take money to make money. The statement
need correction. It you have money and you make correction, if you have money and
you manage properly, you will make more money. Thus, finance management is that
managerial activities which is concerned with the planning and controlling of the
firms financial resources. Finance function means procurement of funds effective
utilization in the business. It is concern with maintaining adequate funds on hand to
meet the expenses of both revenue and capital nature. It has to manage the finance in
such way that the goal of the business i.e. profit maximization is realized. Finace
function is concern with salutation of three major functions relegating to the finance
operation of the firm and i.e. investment, finance, finance and dividend decision.
In Echjay steel there is spared finance department. The finance manager has to
manage all the financial activities. Like,
1. Estimated the requirement of capital of company.
2. Distribution of profit.
3. Find out new sources of profit.
4. Determining the capital structure.
5. Cash and bank management.
6. Control overall finance activities.
7. Recording of Truncation.
8. Maintenance of account.
9. Fixing of price.
10. Clearance of bills.
Organization Of Finance Department
In Echjay, there are six department namely production, financing, personnel,
marketing, purchases and export department. The entire department plays their won
role in proper functioning of whole Echjay.
As we know there is one separate financial department for understanding it
very deeply, we should understand the following organization.
CHIF EXECUTIVE
GENERAL MANAGER
FINACE MANAGER
ASSISTANT CASH BANK COSTING
2. MANAGER
ASSISTANT ASSISTANTS
SENIOUR
CLERK
CLERK/TYPIST
PEON
Organization Of Finance Department
Financial planning include the determining the proper amount of capital i.e.
capitalization. It means plan relegating to the amount of each type of capital, the
sources from which they are raised and the proportion of the total capital in relation to
the earning of the business. Financial planning should be drifted from viewpoint at
present as well as future. The success of failure of any business depends upon the
financial planning. If the financial planning prepared carefully, accurately and without
any fault, the net. Will get success in the business. It involves setting of objective and
identification of the various affecting the objective.
There are two types of financial planning.
1. Long term planning
2. Short term planning
In the long term planning the firms has plan for expansion of its unit t a large
extant where as in the short term planning the firm plan about the production
incensement. Such financial planning is necessary to keep a proper balance between
expanse and income. This company has computer system so there is no problem for
calculation of debit bill regularly paid to the parties concerned.
Source of Finance
The sources of finance has been defined as “from where to collect fund and
also at same time in which way it comes at the time of requirement, generally there are
two main sources i.e. internal sources and external sources.
Funds available for a period of one year of less as called short-term finance.
Mostly short-term funds used to finance working capital of the firm. Echjay obtaines
its short-term finance from profit funds, short term lone, share holders funds, etc…
this short term finance is required to pay day to day expense and regular operation of
the expenses and regular operation of the expense and regular operation of the
business environment. Mostly these funds obtain internally.
External sources means to borrow fund back, financial institute, etc…This unit
has borrowed 2 crores from I.D.B.I. There is also borrowings ban of India, which is
the lead bank of Echjay industry Ltd. Other banks like Indian overseas bank S.B.I.
State Bank of Saurshtra is also helpful to this unit. Thus this company has both
internal and external finance for its financial requirements.
Capitalization
Capitalization means total amount of a company’s capital or total value of its
capital stock. It is the sum of all kind of long terms securities issued by the company
as well as the surplus, which is not meant for distribution. It capitalization of a
3. company is just equal to its capital requirements. It is conceder to be proper
capitalized. It is more than required, it is not desirable.
CAPITALIZATION = Ownership capital + long term loan
Capital
SHARE CAPITAL = Free reserves + debenture capital + long term loan
TYPES OF CAPITALIZATION
1. Normal capitalization
If its expected earnings justify the total amount of capital invested in various
aspects is it said to be normal capitalization.
2. Over capitalization
When a company is consistently unable to earn the prevailing rate on its out
standings securities, it is said to be over capitalization.
3. Under capitalization
A company is in under capitalization when its actual capitalization is lower
then its proper capital as warranted by its earning capacity
Pertaining to this unit, it is difficult to say whether it is under capitalization or
over capitalization because it does not face any problem, as there is proper finance
planning and capital is utilized properly.
Management o f fixed assets
Fixed assets are distinguished from current asset on the basis of their physical
and economical life. Fixed assets means the assets, which are used by the firm in long
duration in the operation of the products. They are permanent capital, which helps the
company in the continuous production process.
Fixed assets have fixed cost burden and heaving long term and huge
investments. They must be manage properly efficiently otherwise it may create
danger for survival of the firm.
Fixed assets are of two types, tangible and intangible. Machines, fixtures,
buildings, etc… are tangible assets while goodwill; patent copyrights, etc… are
intangible form of fixed assets. The size and nature of fixed assets can be determining
by following factors.
1) Nature of business
2) Size of business
3) Types of product to be produced
4) Nature of production process
5) Technological development
The finance manager of this company is ultimate responsible for maintaining
proper management of fixed assets. It adopts proper depredation policies. The
department is providing by using diminishing rate of method for the valuating of its
fixed assets every year.
Management of working capital
The management of working capital or current assets management, is one of
the most important of the most important of the all over financial management.
Working capital management is an integral part of the over all financial management.
It is essential for smooth running of day-to-day operation. There are two types of
working capital.
1) GROSS WORKING CAPITAL :
4. It includes firm’s investment in current assets.
2) NET WORKING CAPITAL
Net working capital refers to the difference between current assets and
current liabilities.
Thus, the goal of working capital is to manage the current assets and
current liabilities in such a way that an acceptable level of working maintained.
DEPARTMENTS OF WORKING CAPITAL :
1. Nature and size of business
2. Operating cycles
3. Business fluctuations
4. Credit policy
5. Growth and expansion
Profit Graph
YEARS SALES VALUE
(Rs. In lacks)
1997 200
1998 225
1999 350
2000 420
2001 510
2002 625
2003 680
Here we can measure year on ‘X’ axis and profit on ‘y’ axis. We can see that
profit is increasing every year. Thus, Echjay’s sales increasing trend.
Scales
On ‘x’ axis 1 c. m. = 7 year
On ‘y’ axis 1 c. m.= 100
2004 800
2003 2003
700
2002 2002 680
2001 2001 625 600
2000 2000 510 500
1999 1999 420 400
1998 1998 350 300
1997
1997 225 200
200
1996
100
1995
1994 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
5. Year 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Sales value 200 225 350 420 510 625 680
Bonus share right issue & public deposit
Echjay industry Ltd. Company is pvt. Ltd. Company but is can be treated as
demand public ltd. Company. This company earns much profit and it run well so there
is no need of such type of issue, this company has started its expansion plan. For this
the company has enough money. It can take loan from bank so its financial position is
very well.
So far as bonus issue and right issues are concern there is no question for issue
and public deposit is also not existing in this company. There is no bonus share, right
issue and public deposited in this company.
Capital budgeting
Capital budgeting decision carried out by top-level management. It is decision
regarding long term fixed investment in business by firm. Capital budgeting decision
pertains to fixed assets or long-term assets, which in operation yield a return over a
period of time usually exceeding one year.
Capital budgeting may be defined as decision-making process by which firms
evaluates the purchase of fixed assets. It may be describe as the forms formal planning
process for the acquisition and investment of capital and result is capital budget, that is
firms formal plan for the expenditure of money to purchase of fixed assets. There are
many methods for selecting best investment proposal. It may be shown as
1. Unsophisticated or traditional method
Average rate of return method
Pay back method
2. Time adjust or modern method
Present value method
Internal rate of return method
Echjay steels is managing its fixed assets efficiently and also preparing
capital budgeting. It first estimated the requirement of capital for five years, then up to
daily requirement of capital is estimated. Echjay has presently made investment in
AGUL plan of Germany. In this plan they have introduced completely automatic
system. So now we can say that this is modernization of investment
The unit manages working capital very efficiently and yielding maximum
return for the profitable management of working capital. This unit gives sharp
attention for the following aspects
basic. Cash in money, which a firm can disburse immediately without any
restriction. Echjay looks after its cash very carefully. They keep enough cash to payB.
MANAGEMENT OF BANK
.
INTERPRETATION:
A variant of current ratio is the quick or liquid ration, which is designed to
show the amount of cash available to meet immediate payment. It is obtained
6. by dividing the liquid assets by liquid liabilities. The hundred level of this ratio
is 1 : 1 and in Echjay the ratio is 1.82 : 1 is satisfactory.