Final Project: Non-Work-Conserving Effects in MapReduce
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•242 views
秉
秉均 謝1. The document analyzes non-work-conserving effects in the MapReduce framework under heavy load conditions. It develops a diffusion approximation model and lower bound for queue lengths. 2. It studies three tie-breaking policies for scheduling jobs in the reduce queue and intuition for why policy 1 and policy 3 can achieve the lower bound under certain assumptions. 3. The key conclusions are that tie-breaking rules should avoid possible jumps in queue lengths, and policy 1 and policy 3 can achieve the diffusion approximation lower bound if workload distributions are bounded and have certain hazard properties.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Double transform contoor extraction
This document proposes a data compression technique using double transforms. It compares using the Walsh-Hadamard Transform (WHT), Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), and a proposed Walsh-Cosine double transform on several contour data sets. The double transform approach applies the WHT, selects some spectral components, converts the spectrum to the DCT domain, and applies the inverse DCT. Experimental results show the double transform reduces multiplication operations compared to DCT alone while maintaining reconstruction error.
Fpw chapter 4 - digital ctrl of dynamic systems
This document discusses different methods for designing discrete equivalents of continuous transfer functions for use in digital filters and control systems. It presents three main approaches: 1) numerical integration using rectangular, backward, and trapezoid (Tustin's method) rules to map the continuous transfer function to a discrete one; 2) pole-zero mapping to understand how integration rules map the stable region of the s-plane to the z-plane; 3) prewarping the continuous transfer function before applying Tustin's method in order to minimize frequency distortion caused by the mapping. The performance of these methods is demonstrated through an example of designing discrete equivalents of a Butterworth filter.
Linear integral equations
The document describes the method of successive approximations to solve linear integral equations of the second kind. It presents the iterative scheme which begins with an initial approximation go(s) and calculates successive approximations gn(s). If gn(s) converges uniformly to a limit g(s) as n approaches infinity, then g(s) is the solution.
The iterative scheme leads to the Neumann series representation of the solution. For the series to converge, the condition |A|B < 1 must be satisfied. The resolvent kernel f(s,t;A) is defined as the limit of the iterated kernels Km(s,t). Examples are provided to demonstrate solving integral equations using this method.
DFA Minimization in Map-Reduce
Explaining implementation and analysis of two well known DFA minimisation algorithms namely Morore and Hopcroft, in Map Reduce using Hadoop. Cost analysis and complexity are described.
Please follow this link: http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2926537
Concurrent Ternary Galois-based Computation using Nano-apex Multiplexing Nibs...
Novel realizations of concurrent computations utilizing three-dimensional lattice networks and their corresponding carbon-based field emission controlled switching is introduced in this article. The formalistic ternary nano-based implementation utilizes recent findings in field emission and nano applications which include carbon-based nanotubes and nanotips for three-valued lattice computing via field-emission methods. The presented work implements multi-valued Galois functions by utilizing concurrent nano-based lattice systems, which use two-to-one controlled switching via carbon-based field emission devices by using nano-apex carbon fibers and carbon nanotubes that were presented in the first part of the article. The introduced computational extension utilizing many-to-one carbon field-emission devices will be further utilized in implementing congestion-free architectures within the third part of the article. The emerging nano-based technologies form important directions in low-power compact-size regular lattice realizations, in which carbon-based devices switch less-costly and more-reliably using much less power than silicon-based devices. Applications include low-power design of VLSI circuits for signal processing and control of autonomous robots.
Choice of Numerical Integration Method for Wind Time History Analysis of Tall...
Wind tunnel tests are being performed routinely around the world for designing tall buildings but the advent of powerful computational tools will make time-history analysis for wind more common in near future. As the duration of wind storms ranges from tens of minutes to hours while earthquake durations are typically less than a three to four minutes, the choice of a time step size (Δt) for wind studies needs to be much larger both to reduce the computational time and to save disk space. As the error in any numerical solution of the equation of motion is dependent on step size (Δt), careful investigations on the choice of numerical integration methods for wind analyses are necessary. From a wide variety of integration methods available, it was decided to investigate three methods that seem appropriate for 3D-time history analysis of tall buildings for wind. These are modal time history analysis, the Hilber-Hughes-Taylor (HHT) method or α-method with α=- 0.1, and the Newmark method with β=0.25 and γ=0.5 ( i.e., trapezoidal rule). SAP2000, a common structural analysis software tool, and a 64-story structure are used to conduct all the analyses in this paper. A boundary layer wind tunnel (BLWT) pressure time history measured at 120 locations around the building envelope of a similar structure is used for the analyses. Analyses performed with both the HHT and Newmark-method considering P-delta effects show that second order effects have a considerable impact on both displacement and acceleration response. This result shows that it is necessary to account P-delta effect for wind analysis of tall buildings. As the direct integration time history analysis required very large computation times and very large computer physical memory for a wind duration of hours, a modal analysis with reduced stiffness is considered as a good alternative. For that purpose, a non-linear static analysis of the structure with a load combination of 1.0D + 1.0L is performed in SAP2000 and the reduced stiffness of the structure after the analysis is used to conduct an eigenvalue analysis to extract the mode shapes and frequencies of this structure. Then the first 20- modes are used to perform a modal time history analysis for wind load. The result shows that the responses from modal analysis with “20-mode (reduced stiffness)” are comparable with that from the P-Δ analyses of Newmark-method
Approximate Thin Plate Spline Mappings
This document presents and compares three approximation methods for thin plate spline mappings that reduce the computational complexity from O(p3) to O(m3), where m is a small subset of points p. Method 1 uses only the subset of points to estimate the mapping. Method 2 uses the subset of basis functions with all target values. Method 3 approximates the full matrix using the Nyström method. Experiments on synthetic grids show Method 3 has the lowest error, followed by Method 2, with Method 1 having the highest error. The three methods trade off accuracy, computation time, and the ability to do principal warp analysis.
Entropy scaling search method
As a B.Tech project, developed a faster search method by reducing both space and time thereby enhancing data mining process across various domains of application.
-> Achieved lossless data compression with higher compressibility ratio
-> Performed clustering in compressed domain for classification and pattern matching
-> Applied it on human genome for identification of cancer signatures
Recommended
Double transform contoor extraction
This document proposes a data compression technique using double transforms. It compares using the Walsh-Hadamard Transform (WHT), Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), and a proposed Walsh-Cosine double transform on several contour data sets. The double transform approach applies the WHT, selects some spectral components, converts the spectrum to the DCT domain, and applies the inverse DCT. Experimental results show the double transform reduces multiplication operations compared to DCT alone while maintaining reconstruction error.
Fpw chapter 4 - digital ctrl of dynamic systems
This document discusses different methods for designing discrete equivalents of continuous transfer functions for use in digital filters and control systems. It presents three main approaches: 1) numerical integration using rectangular, backward, and trapezoid (Tustin's method) rules to map the continuous transfer function to a discrete one; 2) pole-zero mapping to understand how integration rules map the stable region of the s-plane to the z-plane; 3) prewarping the continuous transfer function before applying Tustin's method in order to minimize frequency distortion caused by the mapping. The performance of these methods is demonstrated through an example of designing discrete equivalents of a Butterworth filter.
Linear integral equations
The document describes the method of successive approximations to solve linear integral equations of the second kind. It presents the iterative scheme which begins with an initial approximation go(s) and calculates successive approximations gn(s). If gn(s) converges uniformly to a limit g(s) as n approaches infinity, then g(s) is the solution.
The iterative scheme leads to the Neumann series representation of the solution. For the series to converge, the condition |A|B < 1 must be satisfied. The resolvent kernel f(s,t;A) is defined as the limit of the iterated kernels Km(s,t). Examples are provided to demonstrate solving integral equations using this method.
DFA Minimization in Map-Reduce
Explaining implementation and analysis of two well known DFA minimisation algorithms namely Morore and Hopcroft, in Map Reduce using Hadoop. Cost analysis and complexity are described.
Please follow this link: http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2926537
Concurrent Ternary Galois-based Computation using Nano-apex Multiplexing Nibs...
Novel realizations of concurrent computations utilizing three-dimensional lattice networks and their corresponding carbon-based field emission controlled switching is introduced in this article. The formalistic ternary nano-based implementation utilizes recent findings in field emission and nano applications which include carbon-based nanotubes and nanotips for three-valued lattice computing via field-emission methods. The presented work implements multi-valued Galois functions by utilizing concurrent nano-based lattice systems, which use two-to-one controlled switching via carbon-based field emission devices by using nano-apex carbon fibers and carbon nanotubes that were presented in the first part of the article. The introduced computational extension utilizing many-to-one carbon field-emission devices will be further utilized in implementing congestion-free architectures within the third part of the article. The emerging nano-based technologies form important directions in low-power compact-size regular lattice realizations, in which carbon-based devices switch less-costly and more-reliably using much less power than silicon-based devices. Applications include low-power design of VLSI circuits for signal processing and control of autonomous robots.
Choice of Numerical Integration Method for Wind Time History Analysis of Tall...
Wind tunnel tests are being performed routinely around the world for designing tall buildings but the advent of powerful computational tools will make time-history analysis for wind more common in near future. As the duration of wind storms ranges from tens of minutes to hours while earthquake durations are typically less than a three to four minutes, the choice of a time step size (Δt) for wind studies needs to be much larger both to reduce the computational time and to save disk space. As the error in any numerical solution of the equation of motion is dependent on step size (Δt), careful investigations on the choice of numerical integration methods for wind analyses are necessary. From a wide variety of integration methods available, it was decided to investigate three methods that seem appropriate for 3D-time history analysis of tall buildings for wind. These are modal time history analysis, the Hilber-Hughes-Taylor (HHT) method or α-method with α=- 0.1, and the Newmark method with β=0.25 and γ=0.5 ( i.e., trapezoidal rule). SAP2000, a common structural analysis software tool, and a 64-story structure are used to conduct all the analyses in this paper. A boundary layer wind tunnel (BLWT) pressure time history measured at 120 locations around the building envelope of a similar structure is used for the analyses. Analyses performed with both the HHT and Newmark-method considering P-delta effects show that second order effects have a considerable impact on both displacement and acceleration response. This result shows that it is necessary to account P-delta effect for wind analysis of tall buildings. As the direct integration time history analysis required very large computation times and very large computer physical memory for a wind duration of hours, a modal analysis with reduced stiffness is considered as a good alternative. For that purpose, a non-linear static analysis of the structure with a load combination of 1.0D + 1.0L is performed in SAP2000 and the reduced stiffness of the structure after the analysis is used to conduct an eigenvalue analysis to extract the mode shapes and frequencies of this structure. Then the first 20- modes are used to perform a modal time history analysis for wind load. The result shows that the responses from modal analysis with “20-mode (reduced stiffness)” are comparable with that from the P-Δ analyses of Newmark-method
Approximate Thin Plate Spline Mappings
This document presents and compares three approximation methods for thin plate spline mappings that reduce the computational complexity from O(p3) to O(m3), where m is a small subset of points p. Method 1 uses only the subset of points to estimate the mapping. Method 2 uses the subset of basis functions with all target values. Method 3 approximates the full matrix using the Nyström method. Experiments on synthetic grids show Method 3 has the lowest error, followed by Method 2, with Method 1 having the highest error. The three methods trade off accuracy, computation time, and the ability to do principal warp analysis.
Entropy scaling search method
As a B.Tech project, developed a faster search method by reducing both space and time thereby enhancing data mining process across various domains of application.
-> Achieved lossless data compression with higher compressibility ratio
-> Performed clustering in compressed domain for classification and pattern matching
-> Applied it on human genome for identification of cancer signatures
Radix-2 DIT FFT
The document discusses the Radix-2 discrete Fourier transform (DFT) algorithm. It explains that the Radix-2 DFT divides an N-point sequence into two N/2-point sequences, computes the DFT of each subsequence, and then combines the results to compute the N-point DFT. It involves decimating the sequence, computing smaller DFTs, and combining results over multiple stages. The Radix-2 algorithm reduces the computation from O(N^2) for the direct DFT to O(NlogN) operations.
our igu poster
This document summarizes a study that uses a non-linear Gauss-Newton technique to interpret spherical gravity anomalies. It generates synthetic gravity data for a spherical ore body and applies the Gauss-Newton method to extract parameters like depth and dimension. When applied to noise-free data, the method accurately resolves the parameters in 22 iterations with low error. Adding 10% noise increases the error by 20% but parameters are still estimated reasonably well. The method is also applied to interpret a published field gravity dataset from Texas.
Pakdd
This summarizes a document about a filter-and-refine approach for reducing computational cost when performing correlation analysis on pairs of spatial time series datasets. It groups similar time series within each dataset into "cones" based on spatial autocorrelation. Cone-level correlation computation can then filter out many element pairs whose correlation is clearly below a threshold. The remaining pairs require individual correlation computation in the refinement phase. Experiments on Earth science datasets showed significant computational savings, especially with high correlation thresholds.
1633 the inverse z-transform
The document discusses the inverse z-transform, which is used to transform a sequence from the z-domain back to the time domain. There are several methods for calculating the inverse z-transform including inspection of known pairs, partial fraction expansion, and power series expansion. Examples are provided to illustrate each of these methods. Key properties of the z-transform such as linearity, time shifting, and convolution are also summarized.
Finite-difference modeling, accuracy, and boundary conditions- Arthur Weglein...
This short report gives a brief review on the finite difference modeling method used in MOSRP
and its boundary conditions as a preparation for the Green’s theorem RTM. The first
part gives the finite difference formulae we used and the second part describes the implemented
boundary conditions. The last part, using two examples, points out some impacts of the accuracy
of source fields on the results of modeling.
DSP 08 _ Sheet Eight
This document contains practice problems for a digital signal processing course. It includes 6 sections with multiple parts each:
1) Computing the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and fast Fourier transform (FFT) of various sequences and plotting the results.
2) Computing the FFT of sequences and plotting the phase and magnitude.
3) Using a decimation in time FFT algorithm to find the DFT of sequences and plotting the results.
4) Questions about sampling an audio signal and computing the DFT and FFT.
5) Determining the circular convolution between two sequences.
6) Computing the circular convolution of two sequences using the DFT, along with related questions.
Kumaraswamy disribution
This document describes the Kumaraswamy generalized (Kw-G) distribution, a new family of continuous probability distributions defined on the interval (0,1). The Kw-G distribution is constructed by applying the Kumaraswamy distribution to an existing parent distribution with cumulative distribution function G(x). Properties of the Kw-G distribution such as its probability density function, moments, order statistics, and L-moments are expressed in terms of the parent distribution G(x). Several special cases of the Kw-G distribution are also discussed, including the Kw-normal, Kw-Weibull, and Kw-gamma distributions.
Some fixed point theorems of expansion mapping in g-metric spaces
Over the past two decades the development of fixed point theory in metric spaces has attracted
considerable attention due to numerous applications in areas such as variation and linear inequalities,
optimization and approximation theory. Therefore, different Authors proved many fixed points results for self
mapping defined on complete G-Metric space. The objectives of this study are to prove fixed point results for
mapping satisfying expansion conditions.
Ecte401 notes week3
Fast convolution can be computed using the FFT by taking the FFTs of the input sequences, multiplying them point-wise in the frequency domain, and taking the inverse FFT. This is more efficient than direct convolution when the sequences are long. For long sequences, fast convolution is done using a block processing approach with either overlap-save or overlap-add methods. Overlap-save discards samples at the block edges while overlap-add overlaps and adds samples at the block edges to combine the results.
Recurrence theorem
The document discusses different methods for analyzing recursive functions, including:
1. The recursion-tree method, which represents each subproblem as a node with costs summed at each level and total. This is suitable for divide-and-conquer recurrences.
2. An example of using the recursion-tree method to solve T(n)=3T(n/4)+Θ(n^2), showing the tree has height log4n, Θ(nlog43) leaf nodes each costing T(1), and total cost O(n^2).
3. Another example of T(n)=T(n/3)+T(2n/3)+O(n
Fast fourier transform
The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is a collection of techniques that exploits symmetries in the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) calculation to significantly reduce the computational complexity from O(N^2) to O(NlogN). It divides the DFT calculation into smaller pieces by splitting the input sequence into even and odd parts, recursively applying this splitting to obtain a reduction in computation time. A graphical representation shows how the direct DFT calculation becomes more efficient using the FFT approach.
Blind separation of complex-valued satellite-AIS data for marine surveillance...
In this paper, the problem of the blind separation of complex-valued Satellite-AIS data for marine surveillance is addressed. Due to the specific properties of the sources under consideration: they are cyclo-stationary signals with two close cyclic frequencies, we opt for spatial quadratic time-frequency domain methods. The use of an additional diversity, the time delay, is aimed at making it possible to undo the mixing of signals at the multi-sensor receiver. The suggested method involves three main stages. First, the spatial generalized mean Ambiguity function of the observations across the array is constructed. Second, in the Ambiguity plane, Delay-Doppler regions of high magnitude are determined and Delay-Doppler points of peaky values are selected. Third, the mixing matrix is estimated from these Delay-Doppler regions using our proposed non-unitary joint zero-(block) diagonalization algorithms as to perform separation.
Fuzzieee-98-final
This document proposes methods to make relational data clustering algorithms more robust against noise and outliers. It applies the concept of noise clustering, originally developed for object data clustering, to several relational data clustering algorithms. Specifically, it extends the Roubens algorithm, the RFCM algorithm of Hathaway et al., and proposes a new Fuzzy Relational Data Clustering (FRC) algorithm based on generalization of the FANNY algorithm. The extensions introduce a separate noise class and define the noise distance to make the algorithms less sensitive to noise in the relational data. The document demonstrates the robustness of the new algorithms through examples.
Querying Temporal Databases via OWL 2 QL
Presentation of the paper:
Szymon Klarman and Thomas Meyer. Querying Temporal Databases via OWL 2 QL (with appendix). In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Web Reasoning and Rule Systems (RR-14), 2014.
（文献紹介）デブラー手法の紹介
モルフォのCTO 室リサーチャーの三宅と申します。 モルフォでは、学術論文の輪講を行う「ジャーナルクラブ」という有志による活動があります。今回は、このジャーナルクラブで発表した内容をご紹介いたします。
こちらの続きはTech Blogよりご覧ください。
https://techblog.morphoinc.com/
9511
This document discusses optimization methods for designing pipe networks for gas distribution. It begins by introducing heuristic, continuous, and discrete optimization methods currently used. It then describes in detail several continuous optimization algorithms that formulate the problem as minimizing cost subject to constraints. These include methods that assume continuous pipe diameters and use techniques like sequential unconstrained minimization. The document also proposes a nonlinear programming formulation of the optimization problem and describes an iterative method to solve it. It presents results of applying this method to optimize two example gas distribution networks.
Digital Signal Processing[ECEG-3171]-Ch1_L04
This Digital Signal Processing Lecture material is the property of the author (Rediet M.) . It is not for publication,nor is it to be sold or reproduced.
#Africa#Ethiopia
Dkd 4 2-sheet_1_annex_a
1) The document describes a model for calculating the uncertainty of measurement in calibrating roughness standards. It breaks the measurement process down into a series of functions that propagate uncertainty.
2) It examines various sources of uncertainty at each step, including the calibration standard, positioning errors, noise, and properties of the surface and measurement device.
3) Numerical values or equations are provided for estimating the uncertainty from various effects, such as the calibration certificate, repeatability of measurements, and statistical variations in the surface. These sources of uncertainty are combined to determine the overall measurement uncertainty.
Ground Excited Systems
1) The document discusses ground excited systems, where the dynamic equations of motion are derived based on the relative displacement of the structure with respect to the ground acceleration vector.
2) Modal superposition is applied to decompose the equations into uncoupled modal equations, which are then solved to obtain the system response in terms of maximum displacements, storey shears, moments and drifts.
3) Several modal combination rules are discussed to combine the individual modal responses, including SRSS, CQC and double sum methods.
CORREO ELECTRONICO
This short document promotes creating presentations using Haiku Deck on SlideShare. It encourages the reader to get started making their own Haiku Deck presentation by simply clicking the "GET STARTED" prompt. In just one sentence, it pitches presentation creation using Haiku Deck on SlideShare's platform.
New AmeriCorps Program Orientation July 2014
This document summarizes a new AmeriCorps program start-up institute, including:
- A conference call replay available until August 23, 2014 to discuss the July 23 session on CNCS orientation and financial management.
- Today's agenda includes a CNCS overview by Barbara Ellen Reynolds and a discussion of financial management by Bonnie Janicki.
- The start-up institute will include 4 sessions over 2014 on topics like member and site management, financial systems, and a grantee panel.
karaoke
The document describes a week where international negotiations break down, leading countries closer to war. On Monday, summit talks fail to make progress as leaders start frowning. On Tuesday, the news of escalating tensions hits suddenly like a punch. By Wednesday, the threat of war is growing more real, as swords and guns are drawn despite hopes that conflicts could be avoided.
More Related Content
What's hot
Radix-2 DIT FFT
The document discusses the Radix-2 discrete Fourier transform (DFT) algorithm. It explains that the Radix-2 DFT divides an N-point sequence into two N/2-point sequences, computes the DFT of each subsequence, and then combines the results to compute the N-point DFT. It involves decimating the sequence, computing smaller DFTs, and combining results over multiple stages. The Radix-2 algorithm reduces the computation from O(N^2) for the direct DFT to O(NlogN) operations.
our igu poster
This document summarizes a study that uses a non-linear Gauss-Newton technique to interpret spherical gravity anomalies. It generates synthetic gravity data for a spherical ore body and applies the Gauss-Newton method to extract parameters like depth and dimension. When applied to noise-free data, the method accurately resolves the parameters in 22 iterations with low error. Adding 10% noise increases the error by 20% but parameters are still estimated reasonably well. The method is also applied to interpret a published field gravity dataset from Texas.
Pakdd
This summarizes a document about a filter-and-refine approach for reducing computational cost when performing correlation analysis on pairs of spatial time series datasets. It groups similar time series within each dataset into "cones" based on spatial autocorrelation. Cone-level correlation computation can then filter out many element pairs whose correlation is clearly below a threshold. The remaining pairs require individual correlation computation in the refinement phase. Experiments on Earth science datasets showed significant computational savings, especially with high correlation thresholds.
1633 the inverse z-transform
The document discusses the inverse z-transform, which is used to transform a sequence from the z-domain back to the time domain. There are several methods for calculating the inverse z-transform including inspection of known pairs, partial fraction expansion, and power series expansion. Examples are provided to illustrate each of these methods. Key properties of the z-transform such as linearity, time shifting, and convolution are also summarized.
Finite-difference modeling, accuracy, and boundary conditions- Arthur Weglein...
This short report gives a brief review on the finite difference modeling method used in MOSRP
and its boundary conditions as a preparation for the Green’s theorem RTM. The first
part gives the finite difference formulae we used and the second part describes the implemented
boundary conditions. The last part, using two examples, points out some impacts of the accuracy
of source fields on the results of modeling.
DSP 08 _ Sheet Eight
This document contains practice problems for a digital signal processing course. It includes 6 sections with multiple parts each:
1) Computing the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and fast Fourier transform (FFT) of various sequences and plotting the results.
2) Computing the FFT of sequences and plotting the phase and magnitude.
3) Using a decimation in time FFT algorithm to find the DFT of sequences and plotting the results.
4) Questions about sampling an audio signal and computing the DFT and FFT.
5) Determining the circular convolution between two sequences.
6) Computing the circular convolution of two sequences using the DFT, along with related questions.
Kumaraswamy disribution
This document describes the Kumaraswamy generalized (Kw-G) distribution, a new family of continuous probability distributions defined on the interval (0,1). The Kw-G distribution is constructed by applying the Kumaraswamy distribution to an existing parent distribution with cumulative distribution function G(x). Properties of the Kw-G distribution such as its probability density function, moments, order statistics, and L-moments are expressed in terms of the parent distribution G(x). Several special cases of the Kw-G distribution are also discussed, including the Kw-normal, Kw-Weibull, and Kw-gamma distributions.
Some fixed point theorems of expansion mapping in g-metric spaces
Over the past two decades the development of fixed point theory in metric spaces has attracted
considerable attention due to numerous applications in areas such as variation and linear inequalities,
optimization and approximation theory. Therefore, different Authors proved many fixed points results for self
mapping defined on complete G-Metric space. The objectives of this study are to prove fixed point results for
mapping satisfying expansion conditions.
Ecte401 notes week3
Fast convolution can be computed using the FFT by taking the FFTs of the input sequences, multiplying them point-wise in the frequency domain, and taking the inverse FFT. This is more efficient than direct convolution when the sequences are long. For long sequences, fast convolution is done using a block processing approach with either overlap-save or overlap-add methods. Overlap-save discards samples at the block edges while overlap-add overlaps and adds samples at the block edges to combine the results.
Recurrence theorem
The document discusses different methods for analyzing recursive functions, including:
1. The recursion-tree method, which represents each subproblem as a node with costs summed at each level and total. This is suitable for divide-and-conquer recurrences.
2. An example of using the recursion-tree method to solve T(n)=3T(n/4)+Θ(n^2), showing the tree has height log4n, Θ(nlog43) leaf nodes each costing T(1), and total cost O(n^2).
3. Another example of T(n)=T(n/3)+T(2n/3)+O(n
Fast fourier transform
The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is a collection of techniques that exploits symmetries in the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) calculation to significantly reduce the computational complexity from O(N^2) to O(NlogN). It divides the DFT calculation into smaller pieces by splitting the input sequence into even and odd parts, recursively applying this splitting to obtain a reduction in computation time. A graphical representation shows how the direct DFT calculation becomes more efficient using the FFT approach.
Blind separation of complex-valued satellite-AIS data for marine surveillance...
In this paper, the problem of the blind separation of complex-valued Satellite-AIS data for marine surveillance is addressed. Due to the specific properties of the sources under consideration: they are cyclo-stationary signals with two close cyclic frequencies, we opt for spatial quadratic time-frequency domain methods. The use of an additional diversity, the time delay, is aimed at making it possible to undo the mixing of signals at the multi-sensor receiver. The suggested method involves three main stages. First, the spatial generalized mean Ambiguity function of the observations across the array is constructed. Second, in the Ambiguity plane, Delay-Doppler regions of high magnitude are determined and Delay-Doppler points of peaky values are selected. Third, the mixing matrix is estimated from these Delay-Doppler regions using our proposed non-unitary joint zero-(block) diagonalization algorithms as to perform separation.
Fuzzieee-98-final
This document proposes methods to make relational data clustering algorithms more robust against noise and outliers. It applies the concept of noise clustering, originally developed for object data clustering, to several relational data clustering algorithms. Specifically, it extends the Roubens algorithm, the RFCM algorithm of Hathaway et al., and proposes a new Fuzzy Relational Data Clustering (FRC) algorithm based on generalization of the FANNY algorithm. The extensions introduce a separate noise class and define the noise distance to make the algorithms less sensitive to noise in the relational data. The document demonstrates the robustness of the new algorithms through examples.
Querying Temporal Databases via OWL 2 QL
Presentation of the paper:
Szymon Klarman and Thomas Meyer. Querying Temporal Databases via OWL 2 QL (with appendix). In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Web Reasoning and Rule Systems (RR-14), 2014.
（文献紹介）デブラー手法の紹介
モルフォのCTO 室リサーチャーの三宅と申します。 モルフォでは、学術論文の輪講を行う「ジャーナルクラブ」という有志による活動があります。今回は、このジャーナルクラブで発表した内容をご紹介いたします。
こちらの続きはTech Blogよりご覧ください。
https://techblog.morphoinc.com/
9511
This document discusses optimization methods for designing pipe networks for gas distribution. It begins by introducing heuristic, continuous, and discrete optimization methods currently used. It then describes in detail several continuous optimization algorithms that formulate the problem as minimizing cost subject to constraints. These include methods that assume continuous pipe diameters and use techniques like sequential unconstrained minimization. The document also proposes a nonlinear programming formulation of the optimization problem and describes an iterative method to solve it. It presents results of applying this method to optimize two example gas distribution networks.
Digital Signal Processing[ECEG-3171]-Ch1_L04
This Digital Signal Processing Lecture material is the property of the author (Rediet M.) . It is not for publication,nor is it to be sold or reproduced.
#Africa#Ethiopia
Dkd 4 2-sheet_1_annex_a
1) The document describes a model for calculating the uncertainty of measurement in calibrating roughness standards. It breaks the measurement process down into a series of functions that propagate uncertainty.
2) It examines various sources of uncertainty at each step, including the calibration standard, positioning errors, noise, and properties of the surface and measurement device.
3) Numerical values or equations are provided for estimating the uncertainty from various effects, such as the calibration certificate, repeatability of measurements, and statistical variations in the surface. These sources of uncertainty are combined to determine the overall measurement uncertainty.
Ground Excited Systems
1) The document discusses ground excited systems, where the dynamic equations of motion are derived based on the relative displacement of the structure with respect to the ground acceleration vector.
2) Modal superposition is applied to decompose the equations into uncoupled modal equations, which are then solved to obtain the system response in terms of maximum displacements, storey shears, moments and drifts.
3) Several modal combination rules are discussed to combine the individual modal responses, including SRSS, CQC and double sum methods.
What's hot (19)
Finite-difference modeling, accuracy, and boundary conditions- Arthur Weglein...
Finite-difference modeling, accuracy, and boundary conditions- Arthur Weglein...
Some fixed point theorems of expansion mapping in g-metric spaces
Some fixed point theorems of expansion mapping in g-metric spaces
Blind separation of complex-valued satellite-AIS data for marine surveillance...
Blind separation of complex-valued satellite-AIS data for marine surveillance...
Viewers also liked
CORREO ELECTRONICO
This short document promotes creating presentations using Haiku Deck on SlideShare. It encourages the reader to get started making their own Haiku Deck presentation by simply clicking the "GET STARTED" prompt. In just one sentence, it pitches presentation creation using Haiku Deck on SlideShare's platform.
New AmeriCorps Program Orientation July 2014
This document summarizes a new AmeriCorps program start-up institute, including:
- A conference call replay available until August 23, 2014 to discuss the July 23 session on CNCS orientation and financial management.
- Today's agenda includes a CNCS overview by Barbara Ellen Reynolds and a discussion of financial management by Bonnie Janicki.
- The start-up institute will include 4 sessions over 2014 on topics like member and site management, financial systems, and a grantee panel.
karaoke
The document describes a week where international negotiations break down, leading countries closer to war. On Monday, summit talks fail to make progress as leaders start frowning. On Tuesday, the news of escalating tensions hits suddenly like a punch. By Wednesday, the threat of war is growing more real, as swords and guns are drawn despite hopes that conflicts could be avoided.
Julia 2015 Resume
Julia Knecht has over 20 years of experience in retail management, operations management, and human resources. She has a proven track record of increasing sales and profits through strategic planning, marketing, and staff development. Her experience includes management roles at Macy's, Cracker Barrel, Lane Bryant, and Dillard's, where she consistently exceeded sales goals and led high performing teams. She holds a Bachelor's degree in Social Work from Wartburg College.
New AmeriCorps Program Orientation August 2014
The New Program Start-up Institute is a series of workshops designed to provide orientation and guidance to new AmeriCorps grantees to help them launch successful programs. The August 20th session will focus on AmeriCorps member and site management as well as financial management systems. The agenda includes overviews of site management, member management, and financial management systems, followed by closing remarks.
CD_omslag_version_25aug
This document provides biographies of the musicians involved in the album "Satori" by Magnus Båge Quartet & Lars Jansson. It introduces Magnus Båge on flute, Lars Jansson on piano, Fredrik Jonsson on bass, and Christer Sjöström on drums. It also thanks various supporters and provides background on the musical collaboration and intentions behind blending classical and jazz genres.
TIC Lookbook
This document provides information about Maria Vittoria Albani, an Italian designer of unique costume jewelry based in Milan. It describes how she founded her workshop in 1944 and creates pieces by hand using materials like stones, pearls, metals and glass. Her pieces have been exhibited in museums and on catwalks internationally. The document shares photos and details of several of her jewelry designs.
Enigma Otilei de George Calinescu
This short document promotes the creation of presentations using Haiku Deck, an online presentation tool. It includes two stock photos and text suggesting the reader may be inspired to create their own Haiku Deck presentation. A call to action is given to get started making a presentation on SlideShare.
Ashraf abu al khair cv
Mohamed Ashraf Abu Elkher has over 10 years of experience in television production in Egypt and the Middle East. He has worked as a producer, script writer, copywriter, and researcher for many television programs and social media platforms in Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, and other countries. Some of the shows he has worked on include Kharabeesh, Kalam fe Serrak, The New Arab Debates, and Khawater. He has expertise in developing content, managing production teams, conducting research, and coordinating guests and segments.
presentacion digital
La Unión Europea ha acordado un embargo petrolero contra Rusia en respuesta a la invasión de Ucrania. El embargo prohibirá las importaciones marítimas de petróleo ruso a la UE y pondrá fin a las entregas a través de oleoductos dentro de seis meses. Esta medida forma parte de un sexto paquete de sanciones de la UE destinadas a aumentar la presión económica sobre Moscú y privar al Kremlin de fondos para financiar su guerra.
11 crise do primeiro reinado
A crise do primeiro reinado no Brasil foi causada pela Guerra da Cisplatina, conflitos entre brasileiros e portugueses que culminaram na Noite das Garrafadas, e pela subsequente abdicação do trono por Dom Pedro I em favor de seu filho com apenas 5 anos de idade.
6 apresentação periodo joanino estagio
O documento resume o período Joanino no Brasil de 1808 a 1821, quando a família real portuguesa fugiu para o Brasil devido às invasões napoleônicas. Sob o domínio de D. João VI, o Brasil experimentou a abertura dos portos, a criação de instituições como o Jardim Botânico e o Banco do Brasil, e o desenvolvimento econômico e industrial com o apoio da Inglaterra. No entanto, tensões aumentaram entre facções que queriam recolonizar o Brasil versus garantir a independência,
Wojciech gawinowski vostok design
The document discusses algorithm-assisted design (AAD), where computer algorithms are used to describe relationships and interactions between design elements. AAD allows for complex, dynamic systems and structures to be created that enable unprecedented design effects. Early examples of analog algorithms include pyramids and Gaudi's works, while early digital algorithms include the Eden Project and British Museum Court. AAD is now used for facades, structures, form-finding, simulation, and as part of open BIM workflows.
Jesuíta no Brasil Colonial
Os jesuítas chegaram ao Brasil em 1549 com o objetivo de cristianizar as populações indígenas. Eles estabeleceram missões onde organizavam os indígenas em torno de trabalho e religião, utilizando sua mão de obra. Sua presença transformou a cultura indígena, convertendo-os ao catolicismo e eliminando práticas como a antropofagia.
Cardápio de atividades - liberalismo econômico e socialismo
O documento propõe atividades em aula sobre liberalismo econômico e socialismo, incluindo debates entre Adam Smith e Marx, FHC e Lula, e uma redação criativa sobre escolher entre viver em uma cidade socialista ou liberal.
1 cronologia básica da história do brasil e do brasil império
O documento apresenta uma cronologia básica da história do Brasil dividida em quatro períodos: o período dos indígenas, o período colonial, o período imperial e o período republicano. O período imperial é detalhado em quatro fases: o período joanino, o primeiro reinado, o período regencial e o segundo reinado.
Viewers also liked (19)
Cardápio de atividades - liberalismo econômico e socialismo
Cardápio de atividades - liberalismo econômico e socialismo
1 cronologia básica da história do brasil e do brasil império
1 cronologia básica da história do brasil e do brasil império
Similar to Final Project: Non-Work-Conserving Effects in MapReduce
Realtime Analytics
Christoph Koch is a professor of Computer Science at EPFL, specializing in data management. Until 2010, he was an Associate Professor in the Department of Computer Science at Cornell University. Previously to this, from 2005 to 2007, he was an Associate Professor of Computer Science at Saarland University. Earlier, he obtained his PhD in Artificial Intelligence from TU Vienna and CERN (2001), was a postdoctoral researcher at TU Vienna and the University of Edinburgh (2001-2003), and an assistant professor at TU Vienna (2003-2005). He has won Best Paper Awards at PODS 2002, ICALP 2005, and SIGMOD 2011, an Outrageous Ideas and Vision Paper Award at CIDR 2013, a Google Research Award (in 2009), and an ERC Grant (in 2011). He is a PI of the FET Flagship Human Brain Project and of NCCR MARVEL, a new Swiss national research center for materials research. He (co-)chaired the program committees of DBPL 2005, WebDB 2008, ICDE 2011, VLDB 2013, and was PC vice-chair of ICDE 2008 and ICDE 2009. He has served on the editorial board of ACM Transactions on Internet Technology and as Editor-in-Chief of PVLDB.
Parallel Evaluation of Multi-Semi-Joins
Presentation given on VLDB 2016: 42nd International Conference on Very Large Data Bases.
Paper: http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/2977797.2977800
ArXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1605.05219
Poster: https://zenodo.org/record/61653 (doi 10.5281/zenodo.61653)
Gumbo Software: https://github.com/JonnyDaenen/Gumbo
Abstract
While services such as Amazon AWS make computing power abundantly available, adding more computing nodes can incur high costs in, for instance, pay-as-you-go plans while not always significantly improving the net running time (aka wall-clock time) of queries. In this work, we provide algorithms for parallel evaluation of SGF queries in MapReduce that optimize total time, while retaining low net time. Not only can SGF queries specify all semi-join reducers, but also more expressive queries involving disjunction and negation. Since SGF queries can be seen as Boolean combinations of (potentially nested) semi-joins, we introduce a novel multi-semi-join (MSJ) MapReduce operator that enables the evaluation of a set of semi-joins in one job. We use this operator to obtain parallel query plans for SGF queries that outvalue sequential plans w.r.t. net time and provide additional optimizations aimed at minimizing total time without severely affecting net time. Even though the latter optimizations are NP-hard, we present effective greedy algorithms. Our experiments, conducted using our own implementation Gumbo on top of Hadoop, confirm the usefulness of parallel query plans, and the effectiveness and scalability of our optimizations, all with a significant improvement over Pig and Hive.
Big datacourse
The document outlines an introduction to analyzing and visualizing geo-data in R. It discusses exploring the structure of spatially distributed point data through point process statistics like the Complete Spatial Randomness test and Ripley's K-function. It also covers visualizing maps and point patterns with packages like maps, ggmap, rworldmap, and ggplot2. The document provides examples of mapping different regions, geocoding location data, and plotting point patterns on maps in R.
R Language Introduction
The document outlines various statistical and data analysis techniques that can be performed in R including importing data, data visualization, correlation and regression, and provides code examples for functions to conduct t-tests, ANOVA, PCA, clustering, time series analysis, and producing publication-quality output. It also reviews basic R syntax and functions for computing summary statistics, transforming data, and performing vector and matrix operations.
2012 금융수학 겨울학교 - FM 210 Mhz
The document discusses three topics:
1. A mathematical approach to pricing American options using implicit methods and analyzing stability with von Neumann analysis.
2. A network approach to finance including constructing asset trees from correlation matrices and minimum spanning trees, and simulating networks with MATLAB code.
3. Analyzing the clustering of companies using asset return correlation matrices and transforming correlations into distances on a network.
Passive network-redesign-ntua
The paper examines the problem of systems redesign within the context of passive electrical networks and through analogies provides also the means of addressing issues of re-design of mechanical networks. The problem addressed here are special cases of the more general network redesign problem. Redesigning autonomous passive electric networks involves changing the network natural dynamics by modification of the types of elements, possibly their values, interconnection topology and possibly addition, or elimination of parts of the network. We investigate the modelling of systems, whose structure is not fixed but evolves during the system lifecycle. As such, this is a problem that differs considerably from a standard control problem, since it involves changing the system itself without control and aims to achieve the desirable system properties, as these may be expressed by the natural frequencies by system re-engineering. In fact, this problem involves the selection of alternative values for dynamic elements and non-dynamic elements within a fixed interconnection topology and/or alteration of the network interconnection topology and possible evolution of the cardinality of physical elements (increase of elements, branches). The aim of the paper is to define an appropriate representation framework that allows the deployment of control theoretic tools for the re-engineering of properties of a given network. We use impedance and admittance modelling for passive electrical networks and develop a systems framework that is capable of addressing “life-cycle design issues” of networks where the problems of alteration of existing topology and values of the elements, as well as issues of growth, or death of parts of the network are addressed.
We use the Natural Impedance/ Admittance (NI-A) models and we establish a representation of the different types of transformations on such models. This representation provides the means for an appropriate formulation of natural frequencies assignment using the Determinantal Assignment Problem framework defined on appropriate structured transformations. The developed natural representation of transformations are expressed as additive structured transformations. For the simpler case of RL or RC networks it is shown that the single parameter variation problem (dynamic or non-dynamic) is equivalent to Root Locus problems.
follow IEEE NTUA SB on facebook:
https://www.facebook.com/IeeeNtuaSB
Convex Optimization Modelling with CVXOPT
An introduction to convex optimization modelling using cvxopt in an IPython environment. The facility location problem is used as an example to demonstrate modelling in cvxopt.
Vectorise all the things - long version.pptx
Does your code work beautifully on a few dozen examples, but leave you waiting for hours when looping through all your data? Do you wish there was a way to speed things up without subjecting yourself to learning C?
In this talk, you’ll learn some simple tricks, borrowed from linear algebra and implemented in NumPy, which deliver significant performance gains in Python code. Turbo boost your code without losing readability or grappling with complex coding concepts.
5_2019_01_12!09_25_57_AM.ppt
This document provides an overview of various topics related to control system modeling and analysis using MATLAB. It begins with introducing different ways to build models for linear time-invariant systems including continuous and discrete time transfer functions and state-space models. It then discusses how to combine models using block diagram manipulation functions in MATLAB. The document covers analyzing the transient response using step, impulse and ramp inputs. It also introduces frequency response analysis using Bode plots and stability analysis using Nyquist plots. The overall summary is that the document provides an introduction to modeling and analyzing control systems in MATLAB focusing on transfer functions, state-space models, transient response and frequency domain analysis.
a decomposition methodMin quasdratic.pdf
The document presents a decomposition method for solving indefinite quadratic programming problems with n variables and m linear constraints. The method decomposes the original problem into at most m subproblems, each with dimension n-1 and m linear constraints. All global minima, isolated local minima, and some non-isolated local minima of the original problem can be obtained by combining the solutions of the subproblems. The subproblems can then be further decomposed into smaller subproblems until 1-dimensional subproblems are reached, which can be solved directly.
time response
1. The document discusses transient and steady-state responses of systems to inputs. It analyzes the time response and characteristics of first-order and second-order systems.
2. First-order systems have exponential responses to unit step and ramp inputs. Their time constant T determines the response. Second-order systems can have underdamped, critically damped, or overdamped responses depending on the damping ratio ζ.
3. System specifications like rise time, settling time, and overshoot can be determined from the time response plots. The location of poles and zeros affects stability and transient response. A system is only stable if all poles are in the left half plane.
Linear models
FAO - Global Soil Partnership training on Digital Soil Organic Carbon Mapping by Mr. Yusuf Yigini, 20 - 24 January 2018, Tehran, Iran. (Day 4, 1)
Digital Image Procesing
This document summarizes key mathematical tools and techniques used in digital image processing, including:
1) Distance measures like Euclidean, city-block, and chessboard distances that quantify similarity between pixel values.
2) Common arithmetic operations on images like averaging, subtraction, and multiplication that are used for tasks like noise reduction and enhancing differences.
3) Transformations in both the spatial and frequency domains, such as intensity transformations, filtering, and geometric transformations that modify pixel values or image coordinates.
4) Probability and statistical methods that model images and sequences of images as random processes.
Efficient Solution of Two-Stage Stochastic Linear Programs Using Interior Poi...
The document describes efficient solution methods for two-stage stochastic linear programs (SLPs) using interior point methods. Interior point methods require solving large, dense systems of linear equations at each iteration, which can be computationally difficult for SLPs due to their structure leading to dense matrices. The paper reviews methods for improving computational efficiency, including reformulating the problem, exploiting special structures like transpose products, and explicitly factorizing the matrices to solve smaller independent systems in parallel. Computational results show explicit factorizations generally require the least effort.
Joint CSI Estimation, Beamforming and Scheduling Design for Wideband Massive ...
The document presents a new design for joint channel estimation, beamforming, and scheduling for wideband massive MIMO systems. It proposes using non-orthogonal pilots for channel estimation and a two-phase scheduling approach. Simulation results show the proposed design achieves higher total rates than conventional OFDM and performs better in dense multipath environments, especially with larger bandwidths and antenna arrays. An open issue discussed is comparing the proposed non-orthogonal pilot scheme to non-orthogonal multiple access techniques.
CONCURRENT TERNARY GALOIS-BASED COMPUTATION USING NANO-APEX MULTIPLEXING NIBS...
This document summarizes a research article that proposes a novel method for implementing ternary Galois logic functions using three-dimensional lattice networks with carbon-based field emission devices. Specifically:
- It introduces a hierarchical design approach that utilizes carbon nanotubes and nano-apex fibers for controlled switching via field emission in three-dimensional lattice networks to realize multi-valued Galois functions concurrently.
- The document reviews fundamentals of ternary Shannon and Davio expansions that are used to formally synthesize the three-dimensional lattice networks. Joining rules are defined to realize non-symmetric functions using variable repetition.
- Carbon field emission devices are proposed to implement the basic controlled switch building block using nano
CONCURRENT TERNARY GALOIS-BASED COMPUTATION USING NANO-APEX MULTIPLEXING NIBS...
Novel realizations of concurrent computations utilizing three-dimensional lattice networks and their
corresponding carbon-based field emission controlled switching is introduced in this article. The
formalistic ternary nano-based implementation utilizes recent findings in field emission and nano
applications which include carbon-based nanotubes and nanotips for three-valued lattice computing via
field-emission methods. The presented work implements multi-valued Galois functions by utilizing
concurrent nano-based lattice systems, which use two-to-one controlled switching via carbon-based field
emission devices by using nano-apex carbon fibers and carbon nanotubes that were presented in the first
part of the article. The introduced computational extension utilizing many-to-one carbon field-emission
devices will be further utilized in implementing congestion-free architectures within the third part of the
article. The emerging nano-based technologies form important directions in low-power compact-size
regular lattice realizations, in which carbon-based devices switch less-costly and more-reliably using
much less power than silicon-based devices. Applications include low-power design of VLSI circuits for
signal processing and control of autonomous robots.
12. Linear models
As part of the GSP’s capacity development and improvement programme, FAO/GSP have organised a one week training in Izmir, Turkey. The main goal of the training was to increase the capacity of Turkey on digital soil mapping, new approaches on data collection, data processing and modelling of soil organic carbon. This 5 day training is titled ‘’Training on Digital Soil Organic Carbon Mapping’’ was held in IARTC - International Agricultural Research and Education Center in Menemen, Izmir on 20-25 August, 2017.
Image Enhancement in Spatial Frequency Domain
Unveiling the Details: Image Enhancement in Spatial and Frequency Domain
Digital images are an integral part of our modern world, used in everything from capturing memories to scientific analysis. However, these images often require some adjustments to improve their visual quality and information content. Image enhancement techniques address this need, employing various methods to manipulate the pixels within an image for better visualization and analysis. This explanation delves into two fundamental approaches for image enhancement: spatial domain processing and frequency domain processing.
Spatial Domain Processing: Direct Pixel Manipulation
Spatial domain processing deals with directly modifying the pixel values in an image based on their location (x, y coordinates) and intensity level. These techniques operate directly on the image itself, making them relatively simple to implement and understand. Common spatial domain methods include:
Histogram Processing:
The histogram of an image depicts the distribution of pixel intensities across the grayscale range (0-255 for 8-bit images). Techniques like histogram equalization manipulate this distribution to improve contrast by stretching or compressing the intensity values.
Point Operations:
These operations modify the intensity value of each pixel based on a mathematical formula. Examples include:
Negation: Inverts the image by inverting the intensity values (255 - original value).
Logarithmic transformation: Emphasizes low-intensity regions by compressing the dynamic range.
Power-law transformation: Adjusts the image's overall contrast by increasing (gamma > 1) or decreasing (gamma < 1) the dynamic range.
Neighbourhood Operations:
These techniques modify the pixel value based on its surrounding pixels (neighborhood). Examples include:
Smoothing: Filters like averaging and Gaussian blur replace a pixel's value with the average of its neighbors, reducing noise and blurring sharp edges.
Sharpening: Filters like Laplacian and Sobel highlight image edges by accentuating intensity differences between neighboring pixels. This can amplify noise as well.
Thresholding:
Converts a grayscale image into a binary image (black and white) by selecting a threshold intensity value. Pixels above the threshold become white, and those below become black. This is useful for object segmentation in an image.
Morphological Operations:
These techniques involve manipulating the shapes of objects in an image by applying structuring elements like squares or lines. Common operations include erosion (shrinking objects) and dilation (expanding objects).
Spatial domain techniques offer efficient and intuitive image enhancement. However, they may struggle with complex noise patterns or require extensive manual parameter tuning to achieve optimal results.
Recursive algorithms
The document provides an overview of recursive and iterative algorithms. It discusses key differences between recursive and iterative algorithms such as definition, application, termination, usage, code size, and time complexity. Examples of recursive algorithms like recursive sum, factorial, binary search, tower of Hanoi, and permutation generator are presented along with pseudocode. Analysis of recursive algorithms like recursive sum, factorial, binary search, Fibonacci number, and tower of Hanoi is demonstrated to determine their time complexities. The document also discusses iterative algorithms, proving an algorithm's correctness, the brute force approach, and store and reuse methods.
Similar to Final Project: Non-Work-Conserving Effects in MapReduce (20)
Efficient Solution of Two-Stage Stochastic Linear Programs Using Interior Poi...
Efficient Solution of Two-Stage Stochastic Linear Programs Using Interior Poi...
Joint CSI Estimation, Beamforming and Scheduling Design for Wideband Massive ...
Joint CSI Estimation, Beamforming and Scheduling Design for Wideband Massive ...
CONCURRENT TERNARY GALOIS-BASED COMPUTATION USING NANO-APEX MULTIPLEXING NIBS...
CONCURRENT TERNARY GALOIS-BASED COMPUTATION USING NANO-APEX MULTIPLEXING NIBS...
CONCURRENT TERNARY GALOIS-BASED COMPUTATION USING NANO-APEX MULTIPLEXING NIBS...
CONCURRENT TERNARY GALOIS-BASED COMPUTATION USING NANO-APEX MULTIPLEXING NIBS...
Recently uploaded
Artificial Intelligence for XMLDevelopment
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
Salesforce Integration for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions A...
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on integration of Salesforce with Bonterra Impact Management.
Interested in deploying an integration with Salesforce for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
National Security Agency - NSA mobile device best practices
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Energy Efficient Video Encoding for Cloud and Edge Computing Instances
Energy Efficient Video Encoding for Cloud and Edge Computing Instances
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracy
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte Webinar
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdf
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up Slides
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERP
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup Slides
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and Milvus
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAU
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success Story
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
“Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” a Presentation...
“Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” a Presentation...Edge AI and Vision Alliance
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slack
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
Recently uploaded (20)
Salesforce Integration for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions A...
Salesforce Integration for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions A...
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024
WeTestAthens: Postman's AI & Automation Techniques
WeTestAthens: Postman's AI & Automation Techniques
National Security Agency - NSA mobile device best practices
National Security Agency - NSA mobile device best practices
Energy Efficient Video Encoding for Cloud and Edge Computing Instances
Energy Efficient Video Encoding for Cloud and Edge Computing Instances
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracy
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracy
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdf
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdf
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERP
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERP
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup Slides
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup Slides
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and Milvus
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and Milvus
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAU
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAU
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success Story
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success Story
“Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” a Presentation...
“Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” a Presentation...
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slack
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slack
Final Project: Non-Work-Conserving Effects in MapReduce
- 1. Non-Work-Conserving Effects in MapReduce: Diffusion Approximation Ping-Chun Hsieh 2015.04.27
- 2. How to Handle Large Data? https://www.gtisoft.com/img/DistributedComputing.jpg One solution is “distributed computing” MapReduce is one implementation.
- 3. What is MapReduce? • “Job”: a document with several words 1. “Map Task”: Word (word, count) pair 2. “Copy/Shuffle”: distribute the pairs to reduce machine 3. “Reduce Task”: count the word frequency using word as a key Example: Finding word frequency He is in the elite of the elite right now (He,1) (is,1) (now,1) … (the,2) (elite,2) (now,1) …
- 4. Main Issue & Outline • Model of MapReduce • Load conditions and 3 Tie-Breaking Policies • Diffusion Approximation • Finding a Lower Bound • Sketch of the proof Main Issue: Analyze the Map & Reduce queues and design a good scheduling policy [1] Outline:
- 5. Model of MapReduce • Each job has multiple Map tasks and Reduce Tasks. • Map Task smaller than Reduce Task • Workload Bi with mean E[B] and Var[B]. M/G/1 processor sharing queue K-server G/G/1 queue Intermediate data Reduce Task Reduce Queue 2 1 K R R R Map Queue Job Reduce Task Time Workload ~ Bi follows B ~Poi(l)
- 6. Reduce Task Reduce Queue 2 1 K R R R Map Queue Job Reduce Task Model and Notations • Qr(t): # of jobs in the reduce queue. • Qm(t): # of jobs in the map queue. • For task j of job i: • Ri(t): # of running Reduce tasks of job i • Ri: total # of Reduce tasks of job i Qr(t) Qm(t) : copy/shuffle : reduce phase : ( ) j i j i i j j i i j C D Z C D
- 7. Traffic Assumptions and Constraint • Reduce queue: 1. max-min fairness Ex: 10 servers with 3 jobs (4,3,3) 2. No “preemption”: jobs cannot be interrupted • Dependence constraint: Progress of Reduce tasks <= Progress of Map Tasks (t) (t) i iC B Reduce queue is NOT work-conserving
- 8. Lightly Loaded Example: K=10 Current state: 2 jobs in Reduce queue Map Queue Job Reduce Task Reduce Task Reduce Queue 1 R K R Suppose: A new job join the Reduce queue (5,5) (?,?,?)
- 9. Heavily Loaded How to break tie? Map Queue Job Reduce Task Reduce Task Reduce Queue 1 R K R Example: K=10 Current state: >>10 jobs in Reduce queue (1,…,1) Suppose: One job finished and leaves Reduce queue
- 10. Study on Tie-Breaking Rules • Consider 3 rules for Reduce queue: Policy 1: Choose the one with the smallest remaining Map service Policy 2: Choose one job randomly (uniform) Policy 3: Choose the one which starts Map service first Time Job 1 Job 2 Job 3 TS1 TS2 TS3 TE1TE2 TE3 Current time Map Service Policy 1 Policy 3
- 11. Diffusion Approximation • Consider a sequence of MapReduce systems (n) (n) (n) (n) (B ,C ,D ,R ) (n) l l 1. Primitive data: 4. Arrival rate: • Heavy-traffic assumption: (n) (n) (1 E[B ])n l Map service 1(n) (n) (n) (n) (1 E[(C ) R ])n D K l Reduce service 2. Reduce workload: 1 (n) (n), (n),(n) : (C )iR j j i i ij Z D 3. Limits: (n) (n) 2 ( [ ], [ ]) ( , )b b E B Var B (n) (n) (n) ( [R ], [Z ], [Z ]) ( , , )r r r E E Var
- 12. Diffusion Approximation (Cont.) • Diffusion limits: (n) (n)(n) (n)Q (nt) Q (nt) Q (t) : , Q (t) :m r m r n n • Queue length: (n) (n) (Q ,Q )m r Theorem 1 [4]: (Map queue) (n) * (RBQ (t) Q (t) (Q ( M)0) W (t))m m m m where * W (t)m is a BM with: 2 2 b b drift 2 ( ) 0b (1) (2) 22 2 2 b b b variance 4 ( ) ( )b b l
- 13. Relaxed MapReduce & Lower Bound 1. Assume no dependence constraint: (t) (t) i iC B Reduce queue now becomes work-conserving is possible 2. A job always given at least an equal number of servers as in the original queue, for all t. • Construct a new queue: Map Queue Job Reduce Task Reduce Task Reduce Queue 1 R K R Jobs are completed no later than in the original queue.
- 14. Lower Bound (Cont.) Theorem 2: There exists a sequence such that L,(n ( )) n (t) (t)rr QQ (1) L,(n) * (t) (W (t)) (RBM)r r Q (2) * * is a BM with (0) 0,drift ,r r r K W W 2 r 3 r and variance l (3) L,(n) * (t) is independent of W (t)r m Q Is the lower bound achievable?
- 15. Observation A1: Map queue is M/G/1 and processor-sharing Past departures are independent of Qm(t) The queue is reversible, i.e. departure process is also Poisson. [2] Map Queue Job Reduce Task Qm(t)
- 16. Observation (Cont.) A2: In heavy traffic, if the processing of Reduce queue is the same as the departure of Map queue Reduce queue will be very close to a FIFO multi-server queue with a service time for job i. Map Queue Job Reduce Task Reduce Task Reduce Queue 1 R K R 1 (C )iR j j i ij D
- 17. Intuition for Policy 1 From A1&A2: Arrival process of Qr(t) ~ departure process of Qm(t) Map Queue Job Reduce Task Reduce Task Reduce Queue 1 R K R Policy 1: Choose the one with the smallest remaining Map service Qr(t) Qm(t) (n) * (t) (W (t))r r Q Reduce queue can be approximated by RBM
- 18. Intuition for Policy 2 Diffusion approximation for Map queue Policy 2: Choose one job randomly (uniform) 0 0 (nt ) [ (t )] q ( )mm m Q n E Q n o n Suppose 1 vacancy in Reduce queue at nt0 The chosen job has remaining Map workload= e B ( ) ( ) [B] e x P B x P B u E du ( is a distribution)e B [3] nt0 nt0+Dt Qm(t) Time n1/2
- 19. Intuition for Policy 2 (Cont.) Let the remaining Map workload of that job = be The remaining Map service time of that job ~ e m b q n Reduce queue will grow by ~ e m b q n K l 0 0 (t ) (t ) , jump in diffusion limit e m r r b q Q Q K l nt0 nt0+Dt Qr(t) DQr(t) Time Why does it matter? Little’s law!
- 20. Intuition for Policy 3 Depends on the workload distribution B Policy 3: Choose the one which starts Map service first Special case: B is constant P[B>x] x 1 x* P[B>x] x 1 x* Policy 1 = Policy 3 Like Policy 1 Like Policy 2
- 21. Achieve the Lower Bound Theorem 3. (1) Under policy 1, if B is bounded, then (n) * (W (t))(t)r r Q (2) Under policy 2, if B is bounded, then * * (n) (W (t))(t)r r Q where * * * is modified from (W (t))(W (t))r r with jumps of random size when * * (W (t))r hits zero.
- 22. Achieve the Lower Bound (Cont.) Theorem 3. (3) Under policy 3, if B is bounded and has a decreasing hazard function, then (n) * (W (t))(t)r r Q * * (n) (W (t))(t)r r Q If B has an increasing hazard function, then Hazard function (failure rate) Remark: 0 P(x ) (x) lim P(x )x B x x H x BD D D (Like Policy 1) (Like Policy 2)
- 23. Conclusion • Non-work-conserving effect might occur in the MapReduce system under heavy traffic. • With heavy-traffic assumption, we obtain a lower bound using diffusion approximation. • Tie-breaking rule should be carefully designed to avoid possible jumps in the queue length.
- 24. References • [1] J. Tan et al., “Non-work-conserving Effects in MapReduce: Diffusion Limit and Criticality,” in Proc. SIGMETRICS, 2014. • [2] F. P. Kelly. Reversibility and Stochastic Networks. John Wiley & Sons, 1979. • [3] H. C. Gromoll, “Diffusion approximation for a processor sharing queue in heavy traffic,” Annals of Applied Probability, 14:555–611, 2004. • [4] A. Lambert, F. Simatos, and B. Zwart. “Scaling limits via excursion theory: Interplay between Crump Mode-Jagers branching processes and processor sharing queues,” The Annals of Applied Probability, 23:2161– 2603, 2013.