The paradigm for corporate health is morphing from traditional curative services to health protection and promotion. An epidemic of “lifestyle diseases” has developed in the India which warrants an organized integration of company's health, safety and environment policy through a directed wellness program. The current study explored the burden and determinants of lifestyle diseases among an organization.
Occupational exposure to blood & body fluids among the nursing staff in a ter...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Study Of Knowledge, Attitude And Practices Regarding Biomedical Waste Managem...lsij journal
Background: Biomedical waste is known as the second dangerous waste in the world that needs to be properly managed. Inadequate and improper technique may cause serious health hazard and environmental pollution. The study aimed to determine the status of knowledge, attitude and practices regarding biomedical waste management among healthcare personnel of Bangladesh. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in Gazipur Sadar Hospital of Bangladesh. Total 91 randomly selected healthcare personnel including 22 doctors, 45 nurses, 10 attenders and 14 housekeeping staffs were interviewed. Results: The results showed that poor knowledge level among healthcare personnel excluding doctors. Besides, no black colour coding bin was found in the hospital. Regarding practices and attitude related with waste management, housekeeping staffs ignored the standard operating procedures. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the present study that poor levels of knowledge, practices and attitude regarding biomedical waste management in Gazipur, Bangladesh. Lack of adequate knowledge impedes the waste management.
Analysis of Employee Retention Strategies on Organizational Performance of Ho...inventionjournals
Globally, the retention of skilled medical staff in health care sector has been a serious concern to management due to higher turnover of medics. The desired critical measures for retention strategies of medics need to be done to sustain competition among health care providers. The purpose of this study was to analyse of employee retention strategies on organizational performance of hospitals in Mombasa County. The study was guided by the following objectives; to analyse the relationship between recruitment strategies and organizational performance, to examine the extent to which supervision strategies affects organization performance,. The study employed descriptive correlational research design. Target populations of 102 respondents, the study had a sample size of 102 respondents all drawn from senior staff in the County’s ministry of health department. Sampling procedure will be census. Semi-structured Questionnaire will be used, Likert five point scale questionnaire will be used, factoring Strongly Agree to Strongly Disagree. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to measure the reliability of the questionnaire. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis was used to measure the relationship between variables. Data was presented in cumulative frequency tables. The finding the study were The relationship between recruitment strategies and organization performance of public hospitals in Mombasa County was found to be positive and significant in that its R was 0.485 and had a p-value less than 0.05 (ε= 0.006). The regression results revealed that supervision strategies effect on performance was statistically significant (overall p-value = 0.036).The study concluded that all the employee retention strategies need to be improved because they have been found to have a positive and significant effect on organizational performance. The study recommended that the management of public hospitals in Mombasa County should improve on employee retention strategies because they have been found by this study to have a positive effect on the organizational performance
Change in Practice of using Inhalers for Outpatients have Chronic Obstructive...AI Publications
Objectives: To evaluate changes in the practice of using inhalers for outpatients have chronic obstructive pulmonary at Nam Dinh General Hospital after the intervention. To compare the effectiveness between intervention methods of direct consultation (DC) and direct counseling method incorporating information technology (DC – IT). Subject and method: Intervention study on two groups of patients, 30 patients have chronic obstructive pulmonary in each group with similar characteristics who were treated at Nam Dinh General Hospital from October 2019 to May 2020. Two research groups analyzed and compared the practice of patients at two times, the first time (T1) before the intervention and the second time (T2) after the intervention was 3 months with 3 consecutive interventions (each intervention was 1 month). One group intervened with the direct consultation method; one group intervened with the direct counseling method incorporating information technology. Data were collected by the observational method, using the inhaler procedure and entered and processed on SPSS 20.0 software. Results: The group of patients was intervened with the direct counseling method about practice using inhalers increased after the intervention, the average point of inhaler practice before the intervention was 6.50 ± 1.63 and after the intervention was 8.57 ± 0.63 with p <0.05. The group of patients who intervened with direct counseling method incorporating information technology about using an inhaler increased after the intervention from 6.70 ± 1.29 (before the intervention) to 8.80 ± 0.61 (after intervention), with p <0.05. The efficiency index of using the inhaler dose of (DC – IT) group was higher than the DC group at 63%. Conclusion: The average of the two groups increased significantly after the intervention. However, the intervention method of DC – IT was more effective than the DC method.
Occupational exposure to blood & body fluids among the nursing staff in a ter...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Study Of Knowledge, Attitude And Practices Regarding Biomedical Waste Managem...lsij journal
Background: Biomedical waste is known as the second dangerous waste in the world that needs to be properly managed. Inadequate and improper technique may cause serious health hazard and environmental pollution. The study aimed to determine the status of knowledge, attitude and practices regarding biomedical waste management among healthcare personnel of Bangladesh. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in Gazipur Sadar Hospital of Bangladesh. Total 91 randomly selected healthcare personnel including 22 doctors, 45 nurses, 10 attenders and 14 housekeeping staffs were interviewed. Results: The results showed that poor knowledge level among healthcare personnel excluding doctors. Besides, no black colour coding bin was found in the hospital. Regarding practices and attitude related with waste management, housekeeping staffs ignored the standard operating procedures. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the present study that poor levels of knowledge, practices and attitude regarding biomedical waste management in Gazipur, Bangladesh. Lack of adequate knowledge impedes the waste management.
Analysis of Employee Retention Strategies on Organizational Performance of Ho...inventionjournals
Globally, the retention of skilled medical staff in health care sector has been a serious concern to management due to higher turnover of medics. The desired critical measures for retention strategies of medics need to be done to sustain competition among health care providers. The purpose of this study was to analyse of employee retention strategies on organizational performance of hospitals in Mombasa County. The study was guided by the following objectives; to analyse the relationship between recruitment strategies and organizational performance, to examine the extent to which supervision strategies affects organization performance,. The study employed descriptive correlational research design. Target populations of 102 respondents, the study had a sample size of 102 respondents all drawn from senior staff in the County’s ministry of health department. Sampling procedure will be census. Semi-structured Questionnaire will be used, Likert five point scale questionnaire will be used, factoring Strongly Agree to Strongly Disagree. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to measure the reliability of the questionnaire. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis was used to measure the relationship between variables. Data was presented in cumulative frequency tables. The finding the study were The relationship between recruitment strategies and organization performance of public hospitals in Mombasa County was found to be positive and significant in that its R was 0.485 and had a p-value less than 0.05 (ε= 0.006). The regression results revealed that supervision strategies effect on performance was statistically significant (overall p-value = 0.036).The study concluded that all the employee retention strategies need to be improved because they have been found to have a positive and significant effect on organizational performance. The study recommended that the management of public hospitals in Mombasa County should improve on employee retention strategies because they have been found by this study to have a positive effect on the organizational performance
Change in Practice of using Inhalers for Outpatients have Chronic Obstructive...AI Publications
Objectives: To evaluate changes in the practice of using inhalers for outpatients have chronic obstructive pulmonary at Nam Dinh General Hospital after the intervention. To compare the effectiveness between intervention methods of direct consultation (DC) and direct counseling method incorporating information technology (DC – IT). Subject and method: Intervention study on two groups of patients, 30 patients have chronic obstructive pulmonary in each group with similar characteristics who were treated at Nam Dinh General Hospital from October 2019 to May 2020. Two research groups analyzed and compared the practice of patients at two times, the first time (T1) before the intervention and the second time (T2) after the intervention was 3 months with 3 consecutive interventions (each intervention was 1 month). One group intervened with the direct consultation method; one group intervened with the direct counseling method incorporating information technology. Data were collected by the observational method, using the inhaler procedure and entered and processed on SPSS 20.0 software. Results: The group of patients was intervened with the direct counseling method about practice using inhalers increased after the intervention, the average point of inhaler practice before the intervention was 6.50 ± 1.63 and after the intervention was 8.57 ± 0.63 with p <0.05. The group of patients who intervened with direct counseling method incorporating information technology about using an inhaler increased after the intervention from 6.70 ± 1.29 (before the intervention) to 8.80 ± 0.61 (after intervention), with p <0.05. The efficiency index of using the inhaler dose of (DC – IT) group was higher than the DC group at 63%. Conclusion: The average of the two groups increased significantly after the intervention. However, the intervention method of DC – IT was more effective than the DC method.
Delivering community-led integrated HIV and sexual and reproductive health services for sex workers: A mixed methods evaluation of the DIFFER study in Mysore, South India
Background: Job satisfaction is a significant indicator of the way nurses feel about their profession, the efforts to perform their professional duties, or otherwise abandons it willingly. Method: cross-sectional research design approach was used to assess the job satisfaction and the associated factors among 300 hundred nurses. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and kruskal wallis test for association between the socio-demographic variables and job satisfaction at significance level of 0.05 Result: About 1/3 of the respondents (31%) reported gross dissatisfaction with their job, 0% reported being well satisfaction while (68.7%) respondents reported moderate satisfaction with their job. Across items on the scale, gross dissatisfaction was noted on key managerial factors and the salary of the workers. Job satisfaction was associated with specialty (p<0.018), gender (P<0.002) and age (P<0.000) of Nurses. Conclusion: majority of the respondents were moderately satisfied with their job but grossly dissatisfied with salary and administrative roles like communication flow.
Asian Integrated Medical Sdn Bhd (AIM) aims to offer integrative medicine, conventional plus complementary and alternative medicine – a holistic medicine approach designed to meet your health goals.
The Exploration of Emotional Exhaustion in Developing Patient Safety Culture ...AI Publications
Providing patient safety in healthcare organizations has become an important and urgent issue globally. Understanding medical staff’s perceptions toward patient safety enable hospital managers to monitor safety situations for patients. The current study aims to further identify the role of emotional exhaustion plays in establishing patient safety culture by conducting the Chinese version of Safety Attitude Questionnaire (SAQ). A total of 256 valid questionnaires were collected. Regression analyses were conducted to demonstrate the relationships between emotional exhaustion and six patient safety culture dimensions. The results illustrated that stress recognition and job satisfaction had positive and negative effects on emotional exhaustion, respectively. Hospital managers should pay more efforts to these two important elements to reduce the occurrence of preventable medical accidents and ensure the safety of patients.
Impact of Quality Improvement program upon Staff Nurses' Performance at Prima...emad hussein
A Dissertation submitted
By
Alaa Khalaf Awad
To the Department of Community Health Nursing
College of Nursing University of Baghdad
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement
for the Degree of Doctorate in Nursing Sciences
Supervised by
Professor .Mohammed F. Khalifa (Ph.D.)
A Study to Assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Undergraduate Nursi...ijtsrd
Background Segregation and proper disposal of Bio medical waste BMW is very important concern for health care workers and in general community. Effective management of BMW is very necessary and legal as well as social responsibility. Objectives To assess the knowledge, Attitude and Practices of undergraduate nursing students regarding BMW management. Methodology Descriptive observational based cross sectional study was conducted among undergraduate nursing students. The study was conducted by using the demographic tool including, Age, gender, source of knowledge, religion etc. Knowledge Questionnaire about Biomedical waste and management, Likert scale to assess the attitude and Practice checklist used to assess the practices of subjects regarding BMW management. Results Present study shows that none of the subjects had adequate knowledge, 66.7percent had moderate knowledge, regarding BMW management. And majority 70 of the subjects were favorable attitude toward BMW management and most of the subjects practiced adequately. Conclusion This study concluded that there were not adequate knowledge regarding BMW management. Training program are needed for student nurse as well as staff nurse who is working in hospitals and clinics. Rahul Ranjan | Asokan R "A Study to Assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Undergraduate Nursing Students on Bio-Medical Waste Management at Selected Nursing College in Bhubaneswar" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28116.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/28116/a-study-to-assess-the-knowledge-attitude-and-practice-of-undergraduate-nursing-students-on-bio-medical-waste-management-at-selected-nursing-college-in-bhubaneswar/rahul-ranjan
Evidence for Public Health Decision MakingVineetha K
The presentation gives an overview of evidence based public health with emphasis on the seven steps of EBPH Framework. It also includes the data sources to search for evidence and relevant articles explaining the current trend in decision making. One of the sources of the presentation is from EBPH training series by Rocky Mountain foundation. The link is provided in the end slide. Do contact me if you need any help with the resources.
Prevalence and predictors of mental health among farmworkers in Southeastern ...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract—
Background: Mental health problems represent a major component of the global burden of disease. The primary objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and predictors of psychological wellbeing among farmworkers and to evaluate their mental health services need for in rural primary health care settings.
Methods: The study sample comprised 1855 farmworkers (918 women, and 937 men) who were selected using probability cluster sampling method at 95% confidence interval (87.6 % response rate). The 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and socio-demographic information form were used to data collection.
Results: The overall prevalence of mental health problems was 31.5%; the prevalence among women was 1.4 times that of men (35%, females; 28.2%, males). Logistic regression analyses revealed that poor general health, as well as presence of chronic diseases and exposure to traumatic life events predicted mental ill health among both sex. Poor economic situation, being seasonal migrant farmworker, and pesticide exposure history affected male mental health problems; while type of settlement, history of having disabled child at birth, and not having a family physician were significant predictors of female mental ill health (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: These findings highlight the need for systematic development of community-based mental health services in conjunction with rural primary health care center and an integrated approach to health care of farmworkers. These include screening, early identification and treatment of mental health problems, development of non-communicable disease (NCD) control program, maternal health services and urgent measures to improve farmworkers’ work safety and pesticide applications.
Quality
Degree of adherence to pre-established criteria or standards.
Not an easy subject to get quality healthcare services.
Quality management
Doing the right thing, at the right time, for the right person, and having the best quality result.
4 main components:
Quality planning
Quality control
Quality assurance
Quality improvement
Focused on product/service quality & means to achieve it
Plasmodium is the parasite that causes malaria; it is transmitted from one person to another through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Once infected, these parasites travel through the blood to the liver, where they mature and multiply. They then infect the red blood cells causing them to break open, releasing haemoglobin. This loss of haemoglobin leads to anaemia.
Neonatal lupus (NL) is a disease of the newborn which can be detected early in pregnancy and is linked to Anti-Ro &
Anti-La antibodies. The most dreaded complication of this disease is the presence of 2nd or 3rd degree heart block,
sometimes leading to Complete Heart Block (CHB). Other manifestations like skin rashes, transient elevations of
transaminases and cytopenias (hematological) are of no serious consequence and can be treated symptomatically.
The management of NL is primarily a preventive strategy and involves close cardiac monitoring of the fetus during the 18th-32nd week of pregnancy.
Delivering community-led integrated HIV and sexual and reproductive health services for sex workers: A mixed methods evaluation of the DIFFER study in Mysore, South India
Background: Job satisfaction is a significant indicator of the way nurses feel about their profession, the efforts to perform their professional duties, or otherwise abandons it willingly. Method: cross-sectional research design approach was used to assess the job satisfaction and the associated factors among 300 hundred nurses. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and kruskal wallis test for association between the socio-demographic variables and job satisfaction at significance level of 0.05 Result: About 1/3 of the respondents (31%) reported gross dissatisfaction with their job, 0% reported being well satisfaction while (68.7%) respondents reported moderate satisfaction with their job. Across items on the scale, gross dissatisfaction was noted on key managerial factors and the salary of the workers. Job satisfaction was associated with specialty (p<0.018), gender (P<0.002) and age (P<0.000) of Nurses. Conclusion: majority of the respondents were moderately satisfied with their job but grossly dissatisfied with salary and administrative roles like communication flow.
Asian Integrated Medical Sdn Bhd (AIM) aims to offer integrative medicine, conventional plus complementary and alternative medicine – a holistic medicine approach designed to meet your health goals.
The Exploration of Emotional Exhaustion in Developing Patient Safety Culture ...AI Publications
Providing patient safety in healthcare organizations has become an important and urgent issue globally. Understanding medical staff’s perceptions toward patient safety enable hospital managers to monitor safety situations for patients. The current study aims to further identify the role of emotional exhaustion plays in establishing patient safety culture by conducting the Chinese version of Safety Attitude Questionnaire (SAQ). A total of 256 valid questionnaires were collected. Regression analyses were conducted to demonstrate the relationships between emotional exhaustion and six patient safety culture dimensions. The results illustrated that stress recognition and job satisfaction had positive and negative effects on emotional exhaustion, respectively. Hospital managers should pay more efforts to these two important elements to reduce the occurrence of preventable medical accidents and ensure the safety of patients.
Impact of Quality Improvement program upon Staff Nurses' Performance at Prima...emad hussein
A Dissertation submitted
By
Alaa Khalaf Awad
To the Department of Community Health Nursing
College of Nursing University of Baghdad
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement
for the Degree of Doctorate in Nursing Sciences
Supervised by
Professor .Mohammed F. Khalifa (Ph.D.)
A Study to Assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Undergraduate Nursi...ijtsrd
Background Segregation and proper disposal of Bio medical waste BMW is very important concern for health care workers and in general community. Effective management of BMW is very necessary and legal as well as social responsibility. Objectives To assess the knowledge, Attitude and Practices of undergraduate nursing students regarding BMW management. Methodology Descriptive observational based cross sectional study was conducted among undergraduate nursing students. The study was conducted by using the demographic tool including, Age, gender, source of knowledge, religion etc. Knowledge Questionnaire about Biomedical waste and management, Likert scale to assess the attitude and Practice checklist used to assess the practices of subjects regarding BMW management. Results Present study shows that none of the subjects had adequate knowledge, 66.7percent had moderate knowledge, regarding BMW management. And majority 70 of the subjects were favorable attitude toward BMW management and most of the subjects practiced adequately. Conclusion This study concluded that there were not adequate knowledge regarding BMW management. Training program are needed for student nurse as well as staff nurse who is working in hospitals and clinics. Rahul Ranjan | Asokan R "A Study to Assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Undergraduate Nursing Students on Bio-Medical Waste Management at Selected Nursing College in Bhubaneswar" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28116.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/28116/a-study-to-assess-the-knowledge-attitude-and-practice-of-undergraduate-nursing-students-on-bio-medical-waste-management-at-selected-nursing-college-in-bhubaneswar/rahul-ranjan
Evidence for Public Health Decision MakingVineetha K
The presentation gives an overview of evidence based public health with emphasis on the seven steps of EBPH Framework. It also includes the data sources to search for evidence and relevant articles explaining the current trend in decision making. One of the sources of the presentation is from EBPH training series by Rocky Mountain foundation. The link is provided in the end slide. Do contact me if you need any help with the resources.
Prevalence and predictors of mental health among farmworkers in Southeastern ...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract—
Background: Mental health problems represent a major component of the global burden of disease. The primary objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and predictors of psychological wellbeing among farmworkers and to evaluate their mental health services need for in rural primary health care settings.
Methods: The study sample comprised 1855 farmworkers (918 women, and 937 men) who were selected using probability cluster sampling method at 95% confidence interval (87.6 % response rate). The 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and socio-demographic information form were used to data collection.
Results: The overall prevalence of mental health problems was 31.5%; the prevalence among women was 1.4 times that of men (35%, females; 28.2%, males). Logistic regression analyses revealed that poor general health, as well as presence of chronic diseases and exposure to traumatic life events predicted mental ill health among both sex. Poor economic situation, being seasonal migrant farmworker, and pesticide exposure history affected male mental health problems; while type of settlement, history of having disabled child at birth, and not having a family physician were significant predictors of female mental ill health (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: These findings highlight the need for systematic development of community-based mental health services in conjunction with rural primary health care center and an integrated approach to health care of farmworkers. These include screening, early identification and treatment of mental health problems, development of non-communicable disease (NCD) control program, maternal health services and urgent measures to improve farmworkers’ work safety and pesticide applications.
Quality
Degree of adherence to pre-established criteria or standards.
Not an easy subject to get quality healthcare services.
Quality management
Doing the right thing, at the right time, for the right person, and having the best quality result.
4 main components:
Quality planning
Quality control
Quality assurance
Quality improvement
Focused on product/service quality & means to achieve it
Plasmodium is the parasite that causes malaria; it is transmitted from one person to another through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Once infected, these parasites travel through the blood to the liver, where they mature and multiply. They then infect the red blood cells causing them to break open, releasing haemoglobin. This loss of haemoglobin leads to anaemia.
Neonatal lupus (NL) is a disease of the newborn which can be detected early in pregnancy and is linked to Anti-Ro &
Anti-La antibodies. The most dreaded complication of this disease is the presence of 2nd or 3rd degree heart block,
sometimes leading to Complete Heart Block (CHB). Other manifestations like skin rashes, transient elevations of
transaminases and cytopenias (hematological) are of no serious consequence and can be treated symptomatically.
The management of NL is primarily a preventive strategy and involves close cardiac monitoring of the fetus during the 18th-32nd week of pregnancy.
Deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis in a tertiary care center: An observational ...Apollo Hospitals
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a major health problem with substantial mortality and morbidity in medically ill patients. Prevention of DVT by risk factor stratification and subsequent antithrombotic prophylaxis in moderate- to severe-risk category patients is the most rational means of reducing morbidity and mortality.
Though these two diseases belong to two completely different medical profiles, still studies show that asthma patients are at a higher risk of developing diabetes. Asthma is one of the most chronic respiratory diseases worldwide, whereas diabetes is now being recognised as the third world problem.
Co-relation of multidetector CT scan based preoperative staging with intra-op...Apollo Hospitals
To assess the accuracy of CT scan in preoperative staging, to correlate preoperative findings with operative findings and with post-operative histopathological findings of colorectal carcinoma.
Stroke is a medical emergency, with a mortality rate higher than most forms of cancer. It is the second leading cause of death in developed countries and is the most common cause of serious, long-term disability in adults. The incidence of stroke is increasing with the aging of populations and hence there is a major challenge to health planners.
Evidence-based advances in acute stroke have included proof of the benefit of organized care in stroke units, modern brain imaging, and thrombolytic therapy, the modest benefit of acute aspirin in ischemic stroke clearly, a lack of awareness of the common symptoms of stroke remains a major educational challenge, and the urgency of stroke treatment is still poorly appreciated. Despite the proven benefit of stroke units, the majority of patients in most countries cannot access specialized stroke care.
The article focuses on current treatment guidelines and new therapeutic prospects, emphasizing the importance of early intervention and the need for a multidisciplinary approach to the management of stroke patients.
Urethro vaginal reflux can produce vaginal distension that is sonographically identical to obstructive hydrocolpos and may present with day time incontinence in young girls. This may be due to dysfunctional voiding issues. Postvoid sonography allows proper diagnosis and it can be treated by early clinical suspicion, proper diagnosis and advice.
Burden of cardiovascular diseases in Indians: Estimating trends of coronary a...Apollo Hospitals
The global trends in disease specific mortalities indicate that ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of death in age group ≥60 years. It is also being recognized that cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and their risk factors are emerging as primary health problems in India with all socioeconomic groups being equally vulnerable. Though the high mortality rates due to CVDs in India may have major economic repercussions, the analysis on economic impact of CVDs remains incomplete, because of inadequate coverage of these diseases in India's vital event registration and absence of surveillance systems for disease specific mortality data. The per capita expenditure on health by public sector is very low making the poor to go for costly private healthcare facilities. We discuss here the burden of CAD and its risk factors in India and need for using population and individual based prevention strategies to halt and reverse the CVD epidemic. The country will need to create data for technical and operational factors for making prevention and control of CVDs feasible. National and international multidisciplinary collaborations will be needed to address the challenge posed by CVDs.
Provision of ideal transfusion support – The essence of thalassemia careApollo Hospitals
Thalassemia major is a major cause of transfusion dependence among patients world over. Provision of an adequate, uninterrupted and safe blood supply for these patients is the responsibility of the blood services as well as the society as a whole. Thalassemia management has evolved over a period of time and so have transfusion services. Various technological advancements have been introduced in the last few decades in order to enhance blood safety. Adoption of these newer technologies coupled with increasing awareness about voluntary blood donation in the general population can go a long way in improving the life expectancy as well the quality of life in these children.
This study aimed to compare the overall and disease specific survivals of patients who underwent laparoscopic and open resection of colorectal cancer in a high volume tertiary center.
Preventive and promotive health initiatives: An experience of a wellness clin...Apollo Hospitals
Wellness clinics play a pivotal role in the transforming health status and help in bringing better outcomes of the employees' of an organization. Having a wellness clinic at workplace is an opportunity for the employees' to understand the concepts of health promotion and prevention, in addition to out-patient department. The article shares the experience of wellness clinic established in one of the multinational organization.
2016 16th population health colloquium: summary of proceedings Innovations2Solutions
This paper will discuss the four key ideas discussed at the Colloquium that will have important ramifications as healthcare organizations seek to implement population health strategies:
1. understanding and alleviating Patient fear is Key to Patient experience
2. the Case for a new Population Health Protection agenda as a means to drive down Healthcare Costs
3. using data and technology to improve Healthcare for older adults
4. engage Consumers in Wellness-based Population Health and thrive financially
Population Health Management: a new business model for a healthier workforceInnovations2Solutions
The purpose of this piece is to discuss the high cost of poor employee health and well-being, define PHM in the workplace, and highlight PHM initiatives and outcomes
within the corporate environment. As PHM continues to mature as a model for keeping populations healthy, the programmatic elements of employer PHM efforts will also evolve.
Data drives company outcomes - employers agree analytics are a key factor in strategic planning. Customizing wellness solutions that has turned science fiction into science. Employees biometrics and genomics - sequencing the genome - drives choosing individualized wellness coaching. Health solutions - providing a path of sustainability and adherence - scientific, engaging, redefining individualized - And we make it affordable. Employee health programs - what a wonderful way to build healthier communities - establish lifestyle habits creating a healthier future for our children. We can manage & prevent chronic illnesses - saving lives and money - investing the money for happier, bigger, better futures.
Health Behavior of Undergraduates and Service Utilization of University Healt...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
As health is one of the most pressing issues of today, it is a recurring topic within THNK’s Challenge project, which are real-life open innovation projects that address broad social issues through a process of collaboration and human-centered design tools.
http://www.thnk.org/2015/04/personal-health/
Integrative Health Care Shift Benefits and Challenges among Health Care Profe...ijtsrd
Nurses play an important role in supporting patients with any illness who often seek information regarding alternative therapy. Within their scope of practice, it is expected that nurses have sufficient knowledge about the safety and effective use of alternative therapies, and positive attitudes toward supporting patients who wish to use such therapies. An alternative therapy refers to the health treatments which go along with the medical care, and it is based on natural and traditional methods. It includes natural therapies, herbal medicines yoga, aromatherapy, batch flower medicines, spiritual therapies etc. They offer people the chance to try therapies outside of their standard medical care. These treatment methods are totally different from allopathic medical practices. An evaluative approach with one group pre test, post test design was used for this study. The study was conducted in selected rural areas of Tamilnadu. The samples comprised of 600 health professionals. Convenient sampling technique was used to select the samples. Data was collected using structured knowledge questionnaire before and after administering the structured health education program. The study proved their knowledge improved remarkably after administering the education. The findings of the study support the need for providing information to improve the knowledge of the health professionals regarding complementary therapies in the perspectives of integrating health care shift towards alternative therapies. So the findings have also proved that the information booklet was effective in terms of gain in knowledge scores. Dr. Pushpamala Ramaiah | Dr. Sahar Mohammed Aly | Dr. Afnan Abdulltif Albokhary ""Integrative Health Care Shift- Benefits and Challenges among Health Care Professionals"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30044.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/30044/integrative-health-care-shift--benefits-and-challenges-among-health-care-professionals/dr-pushpamala-ramaiah
Running headINTRODUCTION, LITERATURE REVIEW AND METHODS SECTION .docxagnesdcarey33086
Running head: INTRODUCTION, LITERATURE REVIEW AND METHODS SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION, LITERATURE REVIEW AND METHODS SECTION 2
Introduction, Literature Review and Methods Section
Katie Lopez
Argosy University
Introduction, Literature Review and Methods Section
Introduction
In this study the researcher will seek to determine the impacts of HIV/AIDS on the productivity of labor at coffee farms in Kona District, Hawaii. To successfully undertake this study, the researcher will utilize the use of retrospective cohort design to analyze the attendance and productivity of individual workers in the coffee estates. This will include checking records to know the numbers of works in the tea estates who died or medically retired because of HIV/AIDS and other related causes between 2010 and 2014. It will also include using questionnaires to get information from some of the workers in the coffee estates. The research will also characterize the impacts of HIV/AIDS and ARVs treatment on both medium term and long-run productivity of labor in the coffee estates. This will be affected using data of workers absenteeism in the coffee estates and the information from an HIV/AIDS treatment program.
The researcher will present a concise empirical and theoretical review on the problems related with the impact of HIV/AIDS on the productivity of human labor in labor intensive activities. This information will majorly be extracted from what other researchers have written. Other additional information will be from journals, magazines, textbooks, local newspapers and reports. The information from all these sources will be presented by the researcher and show whether each of these support or does not support the development of the hypothesis in question. This will also be based of the relevance of the information to the success of the study.
Literature review
In literature review both the theoretical and the empirical literature will be presented and these literatures will aid the research in developing this study by finding the crucial supporting information from facts and studies developed earlier by other researchers.
Theoretical literature
The emergence and spread of HIV/AIDS has been attributed to slow growth of economy in the nations that are most affected. This is because the workers and employees that suffers from the disease workers less hours or in a week because of going for medical attention within the working days and thus this scenario reduces the availability of labor. In addition the this, the these workers will also require additional medical care to be offered by the organization they are working with and thus increases the cost of medical insurance. The high prevalence of HIV/AIDS in a region has led to high mortality rate and this mainly affect the productive age bracket of between 15 to 64 years and thus reducing the skilled and productive population and labor force in a regio.
This report was produced by Peter Butterworth, Liana S. Leach and Kim M. Kiely of the Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, The Australian National University under commission from Safe Work Australia.
Bertus Van Niekerk: Unlocking the True Potential of Integrated Occupational H...SAMTRAC International
This presentation argues that the value of occupational health and safety, and corporate wellness programmes, can be increased exponentially through an integrated information system. This is accomplished by integrating data collected from a host of standalone safety technologies with an electronic health record, corporate wellness and ERP systems.
Body Balance "The Holistic Homeostatis" for Instant Pain Relief.SRIKRISHAN Sharma
To promote (SEEEQ) Safety, Education, Efficacy, Efficiency, Quality, of Holistic Health Care Systems through cost effective TCAM, Integrative medicine, Complementary & Alternative medicine, Indigenous, Traditional Medicine and Wellness Services we have designed, promogated and developed wonderful healing system “Body Balance”. The Homeostasis in a general sense which, refers to stability, balance or equilibrium. It is the body's attempt to maintain a constant internal environment which requires constant monitoring and adjustments as conditions change outside the body. This adjusting of physiological systems within the body is called homeostatic regulation. The Most Important in Life e is Balance. Balance of Inner and Outer Side of You. Balance refers to an optimum state of mind between calm and alert.
Sir, with our efforts we have designed unique Balancing System covering all the universal Manipulative and body-based systems are divided into three subcategories; (i) chiropractic, sacrum- spinal manipulation; (ii) massage and body work (osteopathic manipulative therapy. kinesiology, reflexology, Alexander technique, rolling, Chinese tui na massage and acupressure), and (iii) unconventional physical therapies (hydro therapy, colonies, diathermy, light and color therapy. heat and electrotherapy, trigger point therapy). Once the Balance is done pain immediately reduces and “Energy and persistence conquer all things in a Balancing State”.
For the country like India this is unique therapy without any additional burden on the pockets and can be integrated or complemented for both the conventional and indigenous system of medicines. All the existing creed of doctor can be up-graded to this new skill for instant relief & better results.
Similar to Trends shaping corporate health in the workplace (20)
Malignant Mixed Mullerian Tumor – Case Reports and Review ArticleApollo Hospitals
Malignant mixed mullerian tumors are very rare genital tumors. They are biphasic neoplasms composed of an admixture of malignant epithelial and mesenchymal elements. In descending order of frequency they originate in the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, cervix and vagina. Also they arise denovo from peritoneum. They are highly aggressive and tend to occur in postmenopausal low parity women. Because of rarity, there is as such no treatment guidelines available. Multimodality treatment in the form of radical surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy or combined chemoradiation gives a better prognosis & outcome. Two case reports of such tumors, one from ovary and other from penitoneum are presented along with the review of literature.
Intra-Fetal Laser Ablation of Umbilical Vessels in Acardiac Twin with Success...Apollo Hospitals
To interrupt blood supply to the acardiac twin in a case of TRAP sequence of monochorionic diamniotic multiple pregnancy to allow for continuation of the normal twin.
Breast Cancer in Young Women and its Impact on Reproductive FunctionApollo Hospitals
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in developed countries. Chemotherapy for breast cancer is likely to negatively impact on reproductive function. We review current treatment; effects on reproductive function; breastfeeding and management of menopausal symptoms following breast cancer.
Turner syndrome (gonadal dysgenesis) is one of the most common chromosomal abnormalities occuring 1 in 2500 to 1 in 3000 live-born girls. It is an important cause of short stature in girls and primary amenorrhea in young women that is usually caused by loss of part or all of an X chromosome. This review briefly summarises the current knowledge about the syndrome and the management strategies.
Due to pregnancy thyroid economy is affected with changes in iodine metabolism, TBG and development of maternal goiter. The incidence of hypothyroidism in pregnancy is quite common with autoimmune hypothyroidism being the most important cause. Overt as well as subclinical hypothyroidism has a varied impact on maternal and neonatal outcome. After multiple studies also, routine screening in pregnancy for hypothyroidism can still not be recommended. Management mainly comprises of dosage adjustments as soon as pregnancy is diagnosed based on results of thyroid function tests. The aim should be to keep FT4 at the upper end of normal range.
Growth Hormone Deficiency (GHD) can persist from childhood or be newly acquired. Confirmation through stimulation testing is usually required unless there is a proven genetic/structural lesion persistent from childhood. Growth harmone (GH) therapy offers benefits in body composition, exercise capacity, skeletal integrity, and quality of life measures and is most likely to benefit those patients who have more severe GHD. The risks of GH treatment are low. GH dosing regimens should be individualized. The final decision to treat adults with GHD requires thoughtful clinical judgment with a careful evaluation of the benefits and risks specific to the individual.
Advances in the management of thalassemia have led to marked improvements in the life span and quality of life of children and young adults. This poses new challenges for the treating physicians. There is now increasing recognition that thalassemics have impaired bone health which is multifactorial in etiology. This paper aims to highlight the factors that predispose these patients to osteoporosis and suggests measures to minimise the impact on bone health.
Laparoscopic Excision of Foregut Duplication Cyst of StomachApollo Hospitals
Retroperitoneal gastric duplication cysts lined by ciliated columnar epithelium are extremely rare lesions and its presentation during adulthood is a diagnostic challenge for treating clinicians. This entity often resembles cystic pancreatic neoplasm, retroperitoneal cystic lesions and sometimes as an adrenal cystic neoplasm. Correct diagnosis on the basis of radiological investigation is difficult and histopathologic analysis. We report a case of gastric duplication cyst in a 16year old girl that mimicked as a retroperitoneal /pancreatic /adrenal cystic lesion and was successfully managed by laparoscopy.
Occupational Blood Borne Infections: Prevention is Better than CureApollo Hospitals
Viral infections like HIV, hepatitis Band C virus pose a big risk to the contacts of individuals with high risk behaviour as well as to the attending health care workers. Blood, semen, vaginal and other potentially infectious materials can transmit the infection to the susceptible contacts. Universal precautions should be strictly implemented during clinical examination, laboratory work and surgical procedures to prevent transmission to the health care providers. Health care workers should receive vaccination for hepatitis B infection. An inadvertent exposure should be managed with proper first aid and infectivity of the source and severity of exposure should be assessed. Severity of exposure is based on the nature and area of exposed surface, mode of injury and volume of infective material. Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) should be started as soon as possible after a proper counseling about the effectiveness of post-exposure prophylaxis, side effects and risk of carrying the infection to his familial contacts and its prevention.
Evaluation of Red Cell Hemolysis in Packed Red Cells During Processing and St...Apollo Hospitals
Storage of red cells causes a progressive increase in hemolysis. Inspite of the use of additive solutions for storage and filters for leucoreduction some amount of hemolysis is still inevitable. The extent of hemolysis however should not exceed the permissible threshold for hemolysis even on the 42nd day of storage.
Efficacy and safety of dexamethasone cyclophosphamide pulse therapy in the tr...Apollo Hospitals
Various drugs used to treat pemphigus can cause remission, but none can provide permanent remission as relapses are common. With the introduction of DCP in pemphigus in 1984, patients started being in prolonged/permanent remission. This study was done to compare the efficacy of DCP to oral corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide in combination.
Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS)Apollo Hospitals
Severe skin adverse drug reactions can result in death. Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) has the highest mortality (30–35%); Stevens-Johnson syndrome and transitional forms correspond to the same syndrome, but with less extensive skin detachment and a lower mortality (5–15%). Hypersensitivity syndrome, sometimes called Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS), has a mortality rate evaluated at about 10%. It is characterised by fever, rash and internal organ involvement. Prompt diagnosis is vital, along with identification and early withdrawal of suspect medicines and avoidance of re-exposure to the responsible agent is essential. Cross-reactivity to structurally-related syndrome caused by Carbamazepine medicines is common, thus first-degree relatives may be predisposed to developing this syndrome. We report a case of DRESS secondary to use of Carbamazepine.
Difficult Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy-When and Where is the Need to Convert?Apollo Hospitals
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has now become the treatment of choice for the gall bladder stone. With increasing experience, surgeon has started to take more difficult cases which were considered relative contra indications for laparoscopic removal of gall bladder few years back.
We conducted this study at our hospital and included all laparoscopic cholecystectomy done from May'08 to January'10. Total time taken in surgery, conversion rate and complication rate were analysed. Factors making laparoscopic cholecystectomy difficult were also analysed. We defined difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy when we found -dense fibrotic adhesions in and around Callot's triangle, gangrenous gall bladder, empyma, large stone impacted at gall bladder neck, contracted gall bladder, Mirrizi's syndrome, h/o biliary pancreatitis, CBD stones, acute cholecystitis of <72 hrs duration.
Out of 206 cases done during above period, 56 cases were considered difficult. Only two cases were converted to open.
With growing experience and technical advancement surgery can be completed in most of the difficult cases. This is important because recently it is shown in literature that laparoscopic cholecystectomy is associated with less morbidity than open method irrespective of duration of the surgery.
The spread of dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever is increasing, atypical manifestations are also on the rise, although they may be under reported because of lack of awareness. We report two such cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever with hepatitis, intraocular hemorrhage, ARDS and myocarditis.
A 71-year-old male presented in ENT department with dysphagia for last three weeks, more to solids than liquids. He had a hard bony bulge in the posterior pharyngeal wall on palpation and hence was referred for an Orthopaedic opinion. Lateral radiograph of the cervical spine revealed diffuse ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament. This ossification was extending almost half the width of the cervical body from its anterior body at C1 and C2 vertebra level.
Pediatric Liver Transplant (LT) is now an established procedure for End Stage Liver Disease (ESLD) with biliary atresia being the commonest indication. Intensive pre-transplant evaluation, nutritional buildup and immunization are the fundamental pre-requisites of a successful LT. With improvement in surgical micro-anastomotic techniques and superior immunosuppressive regimens the success rate of pediatric LT is in excess of 90%. Most of the transplants in our country however are Living related, due to which a fairly large number of children expire awaiting a donor liver. There should be a concerted effort to evolve the cadaveric donation program, so that majority of the children are benefitted.
Ultrasound Elastography is a new imaging technique that allows a noninvasive estimation and imaging of tissue elasticity distribution within biological tissues using conventional, Real Time Ultrasound equipment with modified software. It can be viewed as an electronic palpation of tissues. Introduced by Ophir et al in 1991, it subsequently evolved into a Real Time Imaging tool.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
3. or occupational health centre or wellness centre is essen-
tially a space located inside of the client establishment
which is created to cater to health needs of the employees'
working in that organization. The medical rooms are
equipped to handle curative component and creates a plat-
form to generate awareness about the preventive compo-
nent of chronic lifestyle diseases. The medical room is
typically staffed by a medical doctor and paramedics who
are available to offer services during the work hours. The
medical room is stocked with basic medications, antibiotics
and emergency drugs which can handle the out-patient
department and treat surgical or medical emergencies. Or-
ganizations both small and large can have employee well-
ness and occupational health awareness programs which
can engage employees in this strategy to enhance their
ability to have a healthier lifestyle (primary prevention),
early diagnosis and treatment (secondary prevention),
identify occupational health hazards and prevent occupa-
tional health injuries, emergency preparedness and promote
healthy work environment. Health promotion and protec-
tion activities have been planned and operated indepen-
dently of each other at workplace, which has led to limited
effectiveness of the program.1
Workplace health protection
and promotion is organized integration of company's health,
safety and environment policy. This is more so evident
among employers' hazardous industries, where occupational
health centres are statutory requirements under Section 41-
C, Factories Act, 1948.2
Workers in hazardous industries are
frequently exposed to chemicals, solvents, toxic fumes,
extreme temperature, repetitive strain injuries and noise
which can cause detrimental health effects and irreversible
damage to health of the workers.
India, is passing through the phase of epidemiological
transition, over the decade, an epidemic of “lifestyle diseases”
has developed in the India. This could be attributed to
sedentary lifestyles, poor nutrition, dependency on alcohol
and substance and work related stress are driving the inci-
dence of non-communicable diseases (diabetes, cardiovas-
cular diseases, stroke, cancer and chronic respiratory
diseases).3
A recent study revealed that tobacco use, hyper-
tension and physical activity were more prevalent in lower
education groups.4
In addition, these medical conditions once thought to be a
problem of geriatric age group is seeing a paradigm shift to-
wards young urban population which is resulting in illness
related loss of productivity due to absenteeism.3
In addition of
the above mentioned, gender distribution has shown rise
among female employees' in the past years. The nature of
occupational health injuries varies with the gender of em-
ployees'; female employees are more prone for injuries about
68.4%.5
These chronic diseases have become a major burden,
as they lead to impaired quality of life, premature death and
disabilities and exponential rise in healthcare expenditure.6
The projected loss of national income attributable to heart
disease, stroke and diabetes in India from 2005 to 2015 is
around 236.6 billion (1.5% of the GDP) international dollars. In
addition to the later, WHO's Global Plan of Action on Workers'
Health 2008e2017, states that “Health promotion and pre-
vention of non-communicable diseases should be further
stimulated in the workplace, in particular by advocating
healthy diet and physical activity among workers and pro-
moting mental health at work”.7
Apollo Life, as an organization is conscientiously focussed
on providing solutions on integrative health and wellness
services for manufacturing and IT sector organizations across
India through occupational health centres and wellness
clinics respectively.
The present article focuses on workplace health concerns
and expounds the benefits of having health promotion mea-
sures at work place.
2. Materials and methods
The present study was conducted at a multinational organi-
zation having a large presence in India, in the field informa-
tion and technology.
A cross sectional study of 3 months duration from
December, 2013 to February, 2014 was undertaken with em-
ployees working with the organization. Consent was obtained
from the concerned department of the organization and the
sample subjects. Professionals working in different de-
partment's such as human resource, software development,
service providers were included in the study. All the em-
ployees' were explained about the purpose of the study and
confidentiality was ensured.
Inclusion criteria: for the study subjects were 1) individuals
who were working as a permanent employee, since past 1
month. 2) Individuals who had given verbal consent were
included in the study sample.
The study was conducted across 10 locations in India
(Hyderabad, Chennai, Bengaluru, Gurgaon, Kolkata, Kochi,
Coimbatore, Mangalore, Mumbai and Pune).
The cross sectional study included questionnaire with
socio-demographic details (age, sex) as well as duration of
working hours. Biometric measurements such as body mass
index, blood pressure, total cholesterol and random blood
sugar were documented. The samples were obtained on-site
in the client organization office space and analysed at a cen-
tral lab at the each location. The reports were also handed
over to the employees and the management.
Statistical analysis was conducted using Statistical Prod-
ucts and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 20. Data was
appropriately coded and entered and numerical data was
entered as such. Statistical measures obtained included de-
scriptives including means, proportions and percentages.
3. Results
A total of 30,134 employees participated in the study.
The study sample consisted of 16,652 (55.3%) males and
13,482 (44.7%) females Tables 1 and 2.
Majority of the subjects 15,177 (50.3%) belonged to the age
group 18e25 years, followed by 7949 (26.3%) of the subjects
belonging to the age group 26e30 years. 4901 (16.2%) re-
spondents belonged to age group 31e35 years, while 1610
(5.3%) subjects belonged to the age group 36e40 years and 497
(1.6%) respondents belonged to the age group of 40 years and
above Table 3.
a p o l l o m e d i c i n e x x x ( 2 0 1 4 ) 1 e52
Please cite this article in press as: Rameswarapu R, et al., Trends shaping corporate health in the workplace, Apollo Medicine
(2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apme.2014.07.010
4. About 963 (3.1%) respondents had a history of smoking and
2762 (9.1%) had accepted the fact that they were exposed to
second hand smoke. 531 (1.7%) were on treatment for
hypertension.
2017 (6.7%) of the respondents were underweight, 7423
(24.6%) had normal values. 14753 (49%) subjects were over-
weight, while 5111 (17%) subjects were obese and 830 (2.7%) of
them had Grade II obesity.
2202 (75%) employees' recorded normal blood pressure.
6160 (20.4%) were high normal and 1372 (4.6%) were
hypertensive.
For total cholesterol 24,414 (81%), 4745 (15.7%), 975 (3.2%)
had normal, borderline and high risk values respectively.
When checked for random blood sugar 27,660 (91.8%) had
sugars under normal range, while 2474 (8.2%) were found to be
having abnormal blood sugar values Table 4.
4. Discussion
The present study was conducted across 10 locations across
India among 30,134 corporate employees.
Majority of the employees 16,652 (55.3%) belonged to male
gender.6
About 23,126 (76.8%) were 30 years or below.8
A report
on Global Disease Burden, 2010 mentioned that there is a
shifting pattern of disease with increase life expectancy.
Report states that this is associated with people suffering from
disability due to non-communicable diseases for a longer
period starting at younger ages.9
When measured their body
mass, index, the study observed that majority 20,694 (68.7%) of
the respondents were overweight and obese. Obesity has been
an important precursor for developing diseases like diabetes
mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and ischaemic heart
disease. High mortality rates have been associated with high
degree of obesity.10
Our study findings showed that 7532 (25%),
975 (3.2%) and 2474 (8.2%) of subjects showed elevated levels
in blood pressure, cholesterol and blood sugars respectively.
These parameters are crucial for cardiometabolic risk, espe-
cially among south Asians; starting at an early age.11
Em-
ployers have understood the course of chronic lifestyle
diseases and the long latent period between exposure and
onset of pathological changes. This phenomenon could only
be prevented by placing primordial and primary prevention
strategies, which can build healthier workforce and to contain
direct medical costs. World Economic Forum Report in
collaboration with World Health Organization, states that
Workplace Health Promotion (WHP) programmes are needed
to contain these medical conditions and improving health
related outcomes.12
It is important to note that even small
changes in behaviour, observed across entire populations, are
likely to show significant effects on disease risk.13
In soaring
trend of health spending, employers are showing interest in
health promotion and preventative activities in methods of
improving health, while reducing the associated costs. Many
studies have concurred with the findings that every dollar
invested in the program, the employer saves more than the
dollar spent.14
Many research studies indicate towards the
fact that incentives would increase the employee participa-
tion rates.15
4.1. Way forward
The wellness clinics or occupational health centres act a
fulcrum to implement these strategies in workplace.
Table 1 e Gender distribution.
Gender Count Percentage (%)
Male 16,652 55.3
Female 13,482 44.7
TOTAL 30,134 100
Table 2 e Location wise gender distribution of employees'.
S.no Location Gender distribution of employees'
Male Female
Count Percentage (%) Count Percentage (%)
1 Kochi 303 1 240 0.7
2 Coimbatore 1467 4.8 1342 4.4
3 Mangalore 186 0.6 103 0.3
4 Chennai 4279 14.1 6596 21.8
5 Pune 2548 8.4 1059 3.5
6 Kolkata 1799 5.9 520 1.7
7 Gurgaon 272 0.9 74 0.2
8 Hyderabad 1908 6.3 879 2.9
9 Mumbai 492 1.6 761 2.5
10 Bengaluru 3398 11.2 1908 6.3
TOTAL 16652 100 13482 100
Table 3 e Age group distribution.
S.no Age group in years Count Percentage (%)
1 18e25 15177 50.4
2 26e30 7949 26.4
3 31e35 4901 16.3
4 36e40 1610 5.3
5 >41 497 1.6
TOTAL 30134 100
a p o l l o m e d i c i n e x x x ( 2 0 1 4 ) 1 e5 3
Please cite this article in press as: Rameswarapu R, et al., Trends shaping corporate health in the workplace, Apollo Medicine
(2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apme.2014.07.010
5. Since, most the non-communicable diseases could be
prevented by modifying the lifestyle factors, the clinics
can provide health coaching, tobacco cessation pro-
grammes, nutrition, disease management programs, acute
medical and surgical management and vaccinations. The
success of the wellness programs is multifactorial and
depends upon
1. Leadership e employee driven health initiatives
2. Wellness committees e to form and exchange ideas
3. Communication e E-flyers, emails, stairwell messages
4. Supportive environment e healthier food at cafeteria,
physical activity promotion.
5. Incentives e to increase participation, build and maintain
motivation of employees'.
6. Monitoring and evaluation e to strengthen the wellness
programs
4.2. Recommendations
To alter the course of lifestyle diseases, it necessary to
intervene and deploy measures to increase physical activ-
ity, proper nutrition, weight loss and combat work stress.
Workplace wellness takes advantage of employers' access
to employees at an age when interventions can still change
their long-term health trajectory. Although majority of or-
ganizations are complying with the Factories Act, 1948
with regards to biometric screening annually or biannually,
there has been little effort by the employers in preventing
health and wellness. Our experience as an organization in
preventive and promotive healthcare shows that there is
large gap which could be utilized to prevent the lifestyle
diseases. Understanding the elements which make them
most beneficial and the blockades to their wider adoption
could help smooth the path for future investments in this
very promising avenue for improving health and
productivity.
4.3. Limitations
Selecting the study sample is a limitation, which is biased.
The study also cannot address the challenge of how pro-
grams should be designed to attain optimal results for the
employer and employee, since each organization has
unique characteristic workforce. Organizational values, in-
centives, participation rates are all likely to affect return
on investment. Further study is also needed to estimate
the cost benefit and effectiveness of the wellness
programs.
Conflicts of interest
All authors have none to declare.
r e f e r e n c e s
1. Rameswarapu R. Workplace Wellness Programs Study: Final
Report [Internet]. Rand.org.. RAND; 2013 [11 July 2014].
Available from: http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/
RR254.html
2. Rameswarapu R. India. The Factories Act [Internet]. Ilo.org;
2014 [11 July 2014]. Available from: http://www.ilo.org/
dyn/natlex/docs/WEBTEXT/32063/64873/E87IND01.
htm#a011.
3. Yadav S, Arokiasamy P. Understanding epidemiological
transition in India. Glob Health Action. 2014;7.
4. Reddy K, Prabhakaran D, Jeemon P, et al. Educational status
and cardiovascular risk profile in Indians. Proc Natl Acad Sci.
2007;104(41):16263e16268.
5. Rameswarapu R. Health Status e Women's Health USA
2009 [Internet]. Mchb.hrsa.gov.; 2014 [10 July 2014].
Available from: http://mchb.hrsa.gov/whusa09/hstat/
200hs.html
6. others Shrivastava S, Bobhate P. Computer related health
problems among software professionals in Mumbai: a cross-
sectional study. Int J Health Allied Sci. 2012;1(2):74.
7. Rameswarapu R, WHO. Preventing Noncommunicable Diseases in
the Workplace through Diet and Physical Activity [Internet].
Who.int.; 2014 [10 July 2014]. Available from: http://www.
who.int/dietphysicalactivity/workplace/en/
8. Babu G, Mahapatra T, Detels R. Job stress and hypertension in
younger software professionals in India. Indian J Occup Environ
Med. 2013;17(3):101.
9. Horton R. GBD 2010: understanding disease, injury, and risk.
Lancet. 2012;380(9859):2053e2054.
10. Malnick S, Knobler H. The medical complications of obesity.
QJM. 2006;99(9):565e579.
Table 4 e Clinical parameters.
S.no Parameter Category Count Percentage (%)
1 Body mass index Underweight 2017 6.7
Normal 7423 24.6
Overweight 14753 49
Obese 5111 17
Grade II obesity 830 2.7
2 Blood pressure Normal 22602 75
High normal 6160 20.4
Hypertension 1372 4.6
3 Total cholesterol Normal 24414 81
Borderline 4745 15.7
High risk 975 3.2
4 Random blood sugar Normal 27660 91.8
Abnormal 2474 8.2
a p o l l o m e d i c i n e x x x ( 2 0 1 4 ) 1 e54
Please cite this article in press as: Rameswarapu R, et al., Trends shaping corporate health in the workplace, Apollo Medicine
(2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apme.2014.07.010
6. 11. Misra A, Khurana L. The metabolic syndrome in South
Asians: epidemiology, determinants, and prevention. Metab
Syndr Relat Disord. 2009;7(6):497e514.
12. others Organization W. Preventing Noncommunicable Diseases in
the Workplace through Diet and Physical Activity: WHO/World
Economic Forum Report of a Joint Event. Geneva: World Health
Organization; 2008.
13. others Rose G. The Strategy of Preventive Medicine. The Strategy
of Preventive Medicine. 1992.
14. Ozminkowski R, Dunn R, Goetzel R, Cantor R, Murnane J,
Harrison M. A return on investment evaluation of the
Citibank, NA, health management program. Am J Health
Promot. 1999;14(1):31e43.
15. Linnan L, Bowling M, Childress J, et al. Results of the 2004
national worksite health promotion survey. Am J Public Health.
2008;98(8):1503.
a p o l l o m e d i c i n e x x x ( 2 0 1 4 ) 1 e5 5
Please cite this article in press as: Rameswarapu R, et al., Trends shaping corporate health in the workplace, Apollo Medicine
(2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apme.2014.07.010