This document discusses the key differences between debt and equity financing. It explains that debt must be repaid on a fixed schedule while equity is repaid based on company performance. Debt holders have legal repayment rights, while equity holders only have an expectation of repayment. Equity holders own the company and have voting rights, while debt holders do not have voting rights. The document also discusses the differences in claims on income and assets between debt and equity holders.
This document provides an overview of common stock and differences between debt and equity financing. It discusses key differences such as creditors having legal right to repayment while investors only have expectation, equityholders having last claim on assets in bankruptcy. Common stockholders are residual owners who receive dividends and capital gains. Preemptive rights protect common stockholders from dilution from new share issuances. Voting rights, dividends and international stock issues are also summarized.
Bba 2204 fin mgt week 7 stock valuationStephen Ong
This document provides an overview of stock valuation and the process of issuing common stock. It discusses the differences between debt and equity financing, features of common and preferred stock, and the roles of venture capital and investment bankers in taking a company public. The learning goals cover stock valuation models, approaches to valuation such as free cash flow and multiples, and how financial decisions impact risk and firm value.
This document discusses various methods for valuing common stock, including the zero-growth, constant-growth, and variable-growth models. It provides examples of calculating stock value using each method. The zero-growth model assumes dividends will remain constant in perpetuity. The constant-growth model assumes dividends will grow at a constant rate less than the required return. The variable-growth model allows dividend growth rates to change over time. The document also covers features of common and preferred stock, the process of companies going public, and the role of investment bankers in initial public offerings.
Equity shares represent ownership in a company and provide shareholders voting rights and claim to residual assets. They are a permanent capital source as they have no maturity date. Preference shares have fixed dividends and preference over equity shares but do not provide voting rights or claim to residual assets. Debentures are a type of loan that pays fixed interest and must be repaid by a specified maturity date. Term loans are long-term loans directly from banks or financial institutions, often secured by company assets.
Financial accounting project of issue of sharesDeepali Mhatre
This document provides an overview of shares and debentures. It defines shares and share capital, and describes the different types of shares including equity shares, preference shares, and bonus shares. It also defines debentures and describes different types of debentures. Additionally, it explains various share capital terms like authorized share capital, issued capital, subscribed capital, called up capital, and paid up capital. Real life examples are provided to illustrate the concepts discussed.
This document provides information about equity shares, preference shares, and debentures. Equity shares represent ownership in a company and allow shareholders to participate in company management. Preference shares promise a fixed dividend payment before equity shareholders and repayment of capital after creditors. Debentures are long-term debt instruments that allow companies to raise funds from investors in exchange for interest payments. Debenture holders are creditors unlike shareholders who are owners. The document also describes different types of each financial instrument.
This document summarizes the key features of ordinary shares. Ordinary shareholders have a residual claim on the company's income and assets. They are entitled to any dividends declared after other financial obligations are met, but dividends are at the discretion of the board of directors and are not guaranteed. Ordinary shareholders also have voting rights that allow them to elect the board of directors and vote on major company decisions. Their shares represent ownership in the company but are also considered a risky investment due to uncertainty around dividends and potential for loss of investment value.
This document provides an overview of common stock and differences between debt and equity financing. It discusses key differences such as creditors having legal right to repayment while investors only have expectation, equityholders having last claim on assets in bankruptcy. Common stockholders are residual owners who receive dividends and capital gains. Preemptive rights protect common stockholders from dilution from new share issuances. Voting rights, dividends and international stock issues are also summarized.
Bba 2204 fin mgt week 7 stock valuationStephen Ong
This document provides an overview of stock valuation and the process of issuing common stock. It discusses the differences between debt and equity financing, features of common and preferred stock, and the roles of venture capital and investment bankers in taking a company public. The learning goals cover stock valuation models, approaches to valuation such as free cash flow and multiples, and how financial decisions impact risk and firm value.
This document discusses various methods for valuing common stock, including the zero-growth, constant-growth, and variable-growth models. It provides examples of calculating stock value using each method. The zero-growth model assumes dividends will remain constant in perpetuity. The constant-growth model assumes dividends will grow at a constant rate less than the required return. The variable-growth model allows dividend growth rates to change over time. The document also covers features of common and preferred stock, the process of companies going public, and the role of investment bankers in initial public offerings.
Equity shares represent ownership in a company and provide shareholders voting rights and claim to residual assets. They are a permanent capital source as they have no maturity date. Preference shares have fixed dividends and preference over equity shares but do not provide voting rights or claim to residual assets. Debentures are a type of loan that pays fixed interest and must be repaid by a specified maturity date. Term loans are long-term loans directly from banks or financial institutions, often secured by company assets.
Financial accounting project of issue of sharesDeepali Mhatre
This document provides an overview of shares and debentures. It defines shares and share capital, and describes the different types of shares including equity shares, preference shares, and bonus shares. It also defines debentures and describes different types of debentures. Additionally, it explains various share capital terms like authorized share capital, issued capital, subscribed capital, called up capital, and paid up capital. Real life examples are provided to illustrate the concepts discussed.
This document provides information about equity shares, preference shares, and debentures. Equity shares represent ownership in a company and allow shareholders to participate in company management. Preference shares promise a fixed dividend payment before equity shareholders and repayment of capital after creditors. Debentures are long-term debt instruments that allow companies to raise funds from investors in exchange for interest payments. Debenture holders are creditors unlike shareholders who are owners. The document also describes different types of each financial instrument.
This document summarizes the key features of ordinary shares. Ordinary shareholders have a residual claim on the company's income and assets. They are entitled to any dividends declared after other financial obligations are met, but dividends are at the discretion of the board of directors and are not guaranteed. Ordinary shareholders also have voting rights that allow them to elect the board of directors and vote on major company decisions. Their shares represent ownership in the company but are also considered a risky investment due to uncertainty around dividends and potential for loss of investment value.
This document discusses various sources of financing for businesses including traditional sources like personal savings and retained profits. It describes ownership capital provided by shareholders and non-ownership capital from lenders. Specific ownership capital tools include common stock, which provides ownership and voting rights, and preferred stock, which guarantees dividend payments. Non-ownership capital generally takes the form of bank loans with fixed repayment terms. The document also discusses factors that influence stock prices and different forms of business ownership.
Project finance deals with analyzing the financial feasibility of a particular project based on expected cash flows. It is a form of financing used for long-term infrastructure and industrial projects that often involve governments. Key features include risk sharing between multiple parties and better management. The different stages of project finance include feasibility, structuring, and implementation. Advantages are reducing lender recourse and maximizing leverage, while disadvantages include higher costs and disclosure requirements. Parties typically involved are the project company, sponsors, lenders, host government, offtaker, suppliers, and contractors. Sources of finance include loans, equity, retained profits, and sale/leaseback arrangements.
A rights issue is an invitation to existing shareholders to purchase additional new shares in the company. In a right offering, each shareholder receives the first right to subscribe to the shares at the discount as compared to the prevailing share price.
Sources of funds are needed for businesses to start up, continue operations, and expand. The main sources are debt and equity capital. Equity capital includes share capital from ordinary shares, preference shares, and deferred shares. Debt includes debentures, mortgages, loans from specialists, and government assistance. Short-term sources include bank overdrafts, loans, leasing, credit cards, and trade credit. Internal sources include profits, asset sales, and working capital reductions while external sources are evaluated on time availability, costs, and company control lost.
This ppt is all about the long term finance for the business. From which sources a business firm used to get their long term finance to run the business. So i hope it will help you to give your presentation . Thanks for the download. And if you find any mistake, please feel free to comment and inform.
or send me a mail in tatinpisa@outlook.com
This document discusses different types of preferred shares and their key features. It begins by explaining that preferred shares entitle holders to a fixed dividend regardless of company profitability. It then outlines four main features of preferred shares: 1) higher dividend rates than common shares, 2) fixed dividend percentages, 3) legal obligations for companies to pay dividends, and 4) preferred treatment over common shares in dividend payments and liquidation. The document then describes various types of preferred shares like cumulative, convertible, redeemable, and participating preferred shares. It concludes by explaining that stock options give holders the right to buy/sell shares at a set price/date, while stock warrants are issued directly by companies to raise funds and can last longer than
This document discusses different types of stock and features of preferred stock. It defines common stock and preferred stock, with common stock representing ownership and voting rights, while preferred stock has fixed dividend payments but no voting rights. Key features of preferred stock include cumulative dividends where unpaid dividends must be paid before common dividends; participating features which allow preferred holders to receive additional dividends if common dividends increase; and call provisions, sinking funds, and conversion options for retirement or conversion of preferred stock. The document provides an overview of stock, dividends, and characteristics of different stock types.
This document summarizes key concepts related to shares and debentures issued by companies to raise capital. It defines shares and share capital, describing the main types of shares as equity and preference shares. It also outlines debentures, their types, and examples of IPOs and FPOs conducted by companies to issue new shares. The summary provides high-level information on the purpose and structure of the document.
This document summarizes key concepts related to shares and debentures issued by companies to raise capital. It defines shares and share capital, describing the main types of shares as equity and preference shares. It also outlines debentures, their types, and examples of IPOs and FPOs conducted by companies. The summary provides high-level information on the purpose, structure, and key points covered in the document.
The document discusses different forms of business ownership including sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations. Sole proprietorships are owned by one individual who is personally liable for all debts and obligations of the business. Partnerships involve two or more owners who share joint liability. General partnerships divide management equally while limited partnerships limit some liability and participation in management. Corporations are separate legal entities from their owners where shareholders have limited liability but the business is subject to more legal compliance requirements.
This document provides an overview of corporation accounting, including:
1) It discusses the process of forming a corporation through incorporation and securing equity financing through the issuance of stock. Some key advantages and disadvantages of the corporate form are outlined.
2) It covers different financing options like debt versus equity, and how stocks work on private and public corporations. The roles of common stock and preferred stock are defined.
3) Key terms related to stock like authorized shares, issued shares, outstanding shares, and treasury stock are explained.
Equity shares represent ownership in a company and are an important source of long-term capital financing. Preference shares have preferential rights to dividends and assets but limited voting rights. Debentures are a form of debt where the company promises to repay the principal along with interest. Other sources of financing discussed include retained earnings, loans from banks and financial institutions, public deposits, trade credit, leasing, factoring, and commercial paper.
Sources of finance.pptx(Finance for MBA)personalu65
1. The document discusses various sources of finance for companies including long term sources like equity shares and debentures, medium term sources like preference shares and term loans, and short term sources like bank overdrafts, trade credit, and commercial paper.
2. It provides details on the key characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of each type of finance for both investors and companies.
3. The sources of finance are classified based on their duration as long, medium, or short term and examples are provided for each category.
This document discusses different types of business organizations and companies. Sole proprietorships are businesses owned and operated by an individual, while partnerships involve two or more people who agree to share profits and losses. Companies have a separate legal identity from their owners and are structured as either private or public. The key aspects of forming a company including capital structure, share types, and the incorporation process are also outlined.
The document discusses various topics related to companies including company members, company law, types of companies, shares, debentures, and meetings.
It defines a company as an association of individuals with a common purpose. It explains corporate law deals with how shareholders, directors, and other stakeholders interact. It distinguishes between public and private companies based on factors like minimum members, transferability of shares, and directors.
It describes shares, shareholders, and share certificates. It explains different types of shares including equity, preference, and their features. It also discusses debentures and their types based on record, security, redemption, and convertibility.
Finally, it provides an overview of different types of company meetings including
Equity financing involves raising capital by selling shares of ownership in a company rather than through debt. This document discusses various types of equity financing and shares. It covers topics such as common stock and preferred stock, as well as ways for companies to raise equity capital through initial public offerings, rights issues, and corporate or angel investors. The document also examines how stock prices are determined and the impact of dividend policy and stock dividends or stock splits. Finally, it discusses shareholder voting rights and procedures.
Sources of long term finance, Corporate governance AND Financial engineeringMohammed Jasir PV
Sources of long term finance — conventional and innovative sources — Leasing — Factoring — securitization
Dividend theories — Walter’s model — Gordens model — MM approach — legal aspects of dividend — formulation of dividend policy.
Corporate governance
Financial engineering
This document provides an overview of corporate financing, including patterns of corporate financing, common stock, debts, financial markets and institutions, and their roles. It discusses how corporations obtain internal funds from depreciation and retained earnings and external funds from stocks and debts. Common stockholders own the corporation but managers also play a role in how much firms borrow. Financial markets allow corporations to raise funds from investors worldwide, while financial institutions like banks, mutual funds, and insurance companies are major sources of financing for corporations.
This document discusses topics related to workplace communication, including formal and informal communication networks. It covers downward, upward, lateral, and diagonal communication within an organization's formal communication network. The informal "grapevine" network is also mentioned. Business communication models are presented, including categories of business communication, organizational communication networks, and a 10-step model of the communication process between a sender and receiver.
This document discusses professional communication. It defines communication and describes the communication process. It outlines the objectives, types, importance, barriers, and effectiveness of communication. It also discusses using technology for communication, unethical practices, and ensuring standard workplace communication. The key topics covered are the definition of communication, the communication process of sending and receiving messages, the types of business communication such as upward, downward, and organizational communication, and the importance and benefits of effective communication.
This document discusses various sources of financing for businesses including traditional sources like personal savings and retained profits. It describes ownership capital provided by shareholders and non-ownership capital from lenders. Specific ownership capital tools include common stock, which provides ownership and voting rights, and preferred stock, which guarantees dividend payments. Non-ownership capital generally takes the form of bank loans with fixed repayment terms. The document also discusses factors that influence stock prices and different forms of business ownership.
Project finance deals with analyzing the financial feasibility of a particular project based on expected cash flows. It is a form of financing used for long-term infrastructure and industrial projects that often involve governments. Key features include risk sharing between multiple parties and better management. The different stages of project finance include feasibility, structuring, and implementation. Advantages are reducing lender recourse and maximizing leverage, while disadvantages include higher costs and disclosure requirements. Parties typically involved are the project company, sponsors, lenders, host government, offtaker, suppliers, and contractors. Sources of finance include loans, equity, retained profits, and sale/leaseback arrangements.
A rights issue is an invitation to existing shareholders to purchase additional new shares in the company. In a right offering, each shareholder receives the first right to subscribe to the shares at the discount as compared to the prevailing share price.
Sources of funds are needed for businesses to start up, continue operations, and expand. The main sources are debt and equity capital. Equity capital includes share capital from ordinary shares, preference shares, and deferred shares. Debt includes debentures, mortgages, loans from specialists, and government assistance. Short-term sources include bank overdrafts, loans, leasing, credit cards, and trade credit. Internal sources include profits, asset sales, and working capital reductions while external sources are evaluated on time availability, costs, and company control lost.
This ppt is all about the long term finance for the business. From which sources a business firm used to get their long term finance to run the business. So i hope it will help you to give your presentation . Thanks for the download. And if you find any mistake, please feel free to comment and inform.
or send me a mail in tatinpisa@outlook.com
This document discusses different types of preferred shares and their key features. It begins by explaining that preferred shares entitle holders to a fixed dividend regardless of company profitability. It then outlines four main features of preferred shares: 1) higher dividend rates than common shares, 2) fixed dividend percentages, 3) legal obligations for companies to pay dividends, and 4) preferred treatment over common shares in dividend payments and liquidation. The document then describes various types of preferred shares like cumulative, convertible, redeemable, and participating preferred shares. It concludes by explaining that stock options give holders the right to buy/sell shares at a set price/date, while stock warrants are issued directly by companies to raise funds and can last longer than
This document discusses different types of stock and features of preferred stock. It defines common stock and preferred stock, with common stock representing ownership and voting rights, while preferred stock has fixed dividend payments but no voting rights. Key features of preferred stock include cumulative dividends where unpaid dividends must be paid before common dividends; participating features which allow preferred holders to receive additional dividends if common dividends increase; and call provisions, sinking funds, and conversion options for retirement or conversion of preferred stock. The document provides an overview of stock, dividends, and characteristics of different stock types.
This document summarizes key concepts related to shares and debentures issued by companies to raise capital. It defines shares and share capital, describing the main types of shares as equity and preference shares. It also outlines debentures, their types, and examples of IPOs and FPOs conducted by companies to issue new shares. The summary provides high-level information on the purpose and structure of the document.
This document summarizes key concepts related to shares and debentures issued by companies to raise capital. It defines shares and share capital, describing the main types of shares as equity and preference shares. It also outlines debentures, their types, and examples of IPOs and FPOs conducted by companies. The summary provides high-level information on the purpose, structure, and key points covered in the document.
The document discusses different forms of business ownership including sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations. Sole proprietorships are owned by one individual who is personally liable for all debts and obligations of the business. Partnerships involve two or more owners who share joint liability. General partnerships divide management equally while limited partnerships limit some liability and participation in management. Corporations are separate legal entities from their owners where shareholders have limited liability but the business is subject to more legal compliance requirements.
This document provides an overview of corporation accounting, including:
1) It discusses the process of forming a corporation through incorporation and securing equity financing through the issuance of stock. Some key advantages and disadvantages of the corporate form are outlined.
2) It covers different financing options like debt versus equity, and how stocks work on private and public corporations. The roles of common stock and preferred stock are defined.
3) Key terms related to stock like authorized shares, issued shares, outstanding shares, and treasury stock are explained.
Equity shares represent ownership in a company and are an important source of long-term capital financing. Preference shares have preferential rights to dividends and assets but limited voting rights. Debentures are a form of debt where the company promises to repay the principal along with interest. Other sources of financing discussed include retained earnings, loans from banks and financial institutions, public deposits, trade credit, leasing, factoring, and commercial paper.
Sources of finance.pptx(Finance for MBA)personalu65
1. The document discusses various sources of finance for companies including long term sources like equity shares and debentures, medium term sources like preference shares and term loans, and short term sources like bank overdrafts, trade credit, and commercial paper.
2. It provides details on the key characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of each type of finance for both investors and companies.
3. The sources of finance are classified based on their duration as long, medium, or short term and examples are provided for each category.
This document discusses different types of business organizations and companies. Sole proprietorships are businesses owned and operated by an individual, while partnerships involve two or more people who agree to share profits and losses. Companies have a separate legal identity from their owners and are structured as either private or public. The key aspects of forming a company including capital structure, share types, and the incorporation process are also outlined.
The document discusses various topics related to companies including company members, company law, types of companies, shares, debentures, and meetings.
It defines a company as an association of individuals with a common purpose. It explains corporate law deals with how shareholders, directors, and other stakeholders interact. It distinguishes between public and private companies based on factors like minimum members, transferability of shares, and directors.
It describes shares, shareholders, and share certificates. It explains different types of shares including equity, preference, and their features. It also discusses debentures and their types based on record, security, redemption, and convertibility.
Finally, it provides an overview of different types of company meetings including
Equity financing involves raising capital by selling shares of ownership in a company rather than through debt. This document discusses various types of equity financing and shares. It covers topics such as common stock and preferred stock, as well as ways for companies to raise equity capital through initial public offerings, rights issues, and corporate or angel investors. The document also examines how stock prices are determined and the impact of dividend policy and stock dividends or stock splits. Finally, it discusses shareholder voting rights and procedures.
Sources of long term finance, Corporate governance AND Financial engineeringMohammed Jasir PV
Sources of long term finance — conventional and innovative sources — Leasing — Factoring — securitization
Dividend theories — Walter’s model — Gordens model — MM approach — legal aspects of dividend — formulation of dividend policy.
Corporate governance
Financial engineering
This document provides an overview of corporate financing, including patterns of corporate financing, common stock, debts, financial markets and institutions, and their roles. It discusses how corporations obtain internal funds from depreciation and retained earnings and external funds from stocks and debts. Common stockholders own the corporation but managers also play a role in how much firms borrow. Financial markets allow corporations to raise funds from investors worldwide, while financial institutions like banks, mutual funds, and insurance companies are major sources of financing for corporations.
This document discusses topics related to workplace communication, including formal and informal communication networks. It covers downward, upward, lateral, and diagonal communication within an organization's formal communication network. The informal "grapevine" network is also mentioned. Business communication models are presented, including categories of business communication, organizational communication networks, and a 10-step model of the communication process between a sender and receiver.
This document discusses professional communication. It defines communication and describes the communication process. It outlines the objectives, types, importance, barriers, and effectiveness of communication. It also discusses using technology for communication, unethical practices, and ensuring standard workplace communication. The key topics covered are the definition of communication, the communication process of sending and receiving messages, the types of business communication such as upward, downward, and organizational communication, and the importance and benefits of effective communication.
The document provides an overview of communication topics covered in the first week of a business communication course. It defines communication and its importance in business. It discusses the communication process, including the key elements of a sender, message, channel, receiver, and feedback. It also covers types of communication like one-way vs two-way, verbal vs non-verbal, formal vs informal, and communication networks in an organization. Barriers to effective communication and models like SMCR and Shannon-Weaver are summarized as well. Finally, it discusses important business communication skills like listening, reading, speaking, and writing.
This document discusses best practices for business communication using email, texting, phone calls, and video conferences. It provides guidance on using each channel appropriately and effectively. The key recommendations are to ensure ease of reading in emails, respect others' time, maintain professionalism, manage emotions, and avoid distractions from excessive communication. Phone calls and video conferences require preparation, active listening skills, and follow up on agreed upon action items. Overall, the document advises tailoring the communication channel to the task and applying best practices to make exchanges efficient and productive.
This document provides guidance on writing an effective resume and cover letter. It discusses what a resume is, key components of a strong resume like being clear, concise, consistent and focused. It also provides tips for what to include in a resume like education, skills, experience, and how to highlight transferable skills and accomplishments. The document then covers writing an effective cover letter, including outlining its purpose, structure with 3 paragraphs, and examples of strong opening and closing paragraphs.
The document discusses using social media for business communication. It covers using blogs, wikis and forums for internal communication. It also discusses using blogs for external communication to build corporate reputation. The chapter emphasizes managing your online reputation through developing a credible personal brand and using social media ethically.
Guffey and Loewy_EBC_12e_PPT_ch4_Final-Revising Business Messages.pptxssuserbea996
The document discusses revising business messages and improving their effectiveness. It covers techniques for revision such as achieving conciseness, simplifying and clarifying content, and improving readability through document design. The goal of revision is to make sure the message clearly conveys what is meant and presents the writer in a positive light. Revision involves editing content, proofreading mechanics, and evaluating whether the purpose was achieved. Concise writing saves time and makes the message easier to understand. Strategic use of formatting and design also enhances readability.
This document discusses nonverbal communication in organizations. It defines nonverbal communication and outlines several types, including facial expressions, eye contact, body movements and gestures, clothing and appearance, distance and personal space, the physical environment, and time. It emphasizes that nonverbal communication can easily lead to misunderstandings if receivers interpret messages differently than intended. It also stresses the importance of cultural differences in nonverbal behavior and symbols. The document provides tips on improving nonverbal communication skills.
Here is a 100-word paragraph using the hints provided:
English has truly become a global language as it is spoken in over 100 countries around the world. With nearly 50% of the world's population having some level of proficiency in English, it has become the most commonly used language for both internal and international communication. Whether for education, business or travel, English serves as the primary language of communication. It has also established itself as the dominant language of the internet, accounting for over 20% of all websites. More importantly, English has become the primary language of scientific research and publications with over 85% of all information stored in online library databases being in English.
This document provides information about business letters, including:
- Business letters serve as a means of communication between businesses and their customers, suppliers, bankers, and others to maintain relationships.
- Though modern communication methods exist, business letters remain important for sustaining business relationships, conveying complex information, creating records, and reaching a wide audience.
- Business letters have a standard structure including a heading, date, inside address, salutation, message, complimentary close, signature block, and sometimes additional elements like enclosures or copy notations.
- The purpose, tone, and content of business letters should aim to maintain positive relationships and resolve issues respectfully rather than accusatorily.
This document discusses the importance of communication skills, including listening skills, tone of voice, body language, word choice, and pace of speech. It emphasizes that tone conveys attitude and confidence, which comprise 85% of verbal communication, while word content comprises 15%. Good communication skills are needed to build positive relationships with customers and vendors through clear, concise speaking and active listening without interruptions or assumptions. The document also notes the role of accent neutralization in effective communication.
This document provides guidance on creating effective newsletters and brochures. It outlines 6 steps for creating them, including defining the purpose, developing a theme, writing content, designing presentation, production, and distribution. Guidelines are presented for ensuring clarity, such as using words as most important, consistency across mediums, simplifying elements, and only including elements that contribute to understanding. Tips are also provided for using text, choosing colors and graphics, using photos and art, incorporating infographics, and formatting newsletters. Examples of newsletters from various organizations are listed.
Business writing aims to communicate technical information concisely and persuasively to both internal and external audiences (1). It takes various forms like memos, reports, proposals, and more (2). Effective business writing is clear, concise, well-organized and uses an appropriate tone for the intended audience (3). The document provided information on the objectives and types of business writing, how to write memos and reports, and tips for improving technical writing skills.
The document provides a list of phrases and websites for responding to complaints or issues. Some suggested phrases include acknowledging the problem, looking into it as soon as possible, and apologizing while admitting there may not be a good solution. Websites referenced relate to stock images, blogs, and forums for general discussion. The summary conveys the high-level topic of complaint responses and resolutions without duplicating the content.
The document discusses the main actors in labor management relations systems in Bangladesh, including trade unions, employers' associations, and the role of the government. It describes the objectives, functions, and legal framework of trade unions, as well as challenges they face. The labor administration system in Bangladesh is also outlined, with key departments responsible for labor issues under the Ministry of Labor and Manpower.
Minimalist Aesthetic Slideshow by Slidesgo.pptxssuserbea996
This document provides instructions for using a presentation template from Slidesgo. It includes 10 slides with the following key points:
1. The template contains various design elements that can be edited including illustrations, fonts, colors and more.
2. Users must keep the "Thanks" slide to properly credit Slidesgo. Premium users can hide or delete this slide.
3. Users are allowed to modify the template but cannot redistribute or sell the template elements separately.
4. Additional resources like icons, illustrations and infographics are included that can be customized and used in the presentation.
This document discusses several key aspects of cross-cultural negotiation: communication styles, cultural values and beliefs, and attitudes towards time. It emphasizes that understanding cultural differences is crucial for successful cross-cultural negotiation. Miscommunication can occur when communication styles, such as direct vs indirect, are not properly understood across cultures. Similarly, differing values and beliefs around aspects like punctuality need to be recognized and respected. The document provides examples of negotiations that failed due to lack of cultural awareness and suggests strategies like cultural sensitivity training and compromise.
The document discusses the weighted average cost of capital (WACC). It explains that WACC reflects the expected average future cost of capital over the long run by weighting the cost of each source of capital (debt, preferred stock, common stock equity) by its proportion in the firm's capital structure. It provides the WACC calculation formula and notes that the weights must be non-negative and sum to 1.0. The cost of common stock equity in the formula is either the cost of retained earnings or new common stock issues, depending on how the firm finances that portion of its capital structure.
This document discusses different corporate-level strategies including horizontal integration, vertical integration, and strategic outsourcing. Horizontal integration involves merging with competitors within the same industry to achieve scale advantages. Vertical integration expands a company's operations backward or forward into the supply chain. Strategic outsourcing involves allowing value chain activities to be performed by specialist external companies. The strategies have benefits like lowering costs but also risks such as holdup or becoming too dependent on outsourcing partners. Alternatives to full integration like alliances and contracts can achieve advantages while avoiding certain costs and risks.
This document discusses different corporate-level strategies for diversification, including related and unrelated diversification. It defines diversification as entering new industries distinct from a company's core industry. Related diversification involves establishing business units in industries related through competencies or value chains. Unrelated diversification relies on general organizational competencies to increase performance across unrelated business units. The document also discusses ways companies implement these strategies, such as competency transfers, acquisitions, internal venturing, and joint ventures, as well as potential disadvantages of diversification.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.