This document summarizes key concepts related to shares and debentures issued by companies to raise capital. It defines shares and share capital, describing the main types of shares as equity and preference shares. It also outlines debentures, their types, and examples of IPOs and FPOs conducted by companies. The summary provides high-level information on the purpose, structure, and key points covered in the document.
SHARE,DEBENTURE,COMPANY,TYPES OF COMPANY,COMPANY LAW,
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE COMPANY,SHARE,SHARE HOLDER,SHARE CERTIFICATE,KINDS OF SHARE,EQUITY SHARES,PREFERENCE SHARE,FORFEITURE OF SHARE,EQUITY VS PREFERENCE SHARES,DEBENTURE,TYPES OF DEBENTURE,SHARE VS DEBENTURE,MEETINGS,
KINDS OF MEETINGS,ESSENTIAL OF VALID MEETING,CONDITION OF VALID MEETING
SHARE,DEBENTURE,COMPANY,TYPES OF COMPANY,COMPANY LAW,
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE COMPANY,SHARE,SHARE HOLDER,SHARE CERTIFICATE,KINDS OF SHARE,EQUITY SHARES,PREFERENCE SHARE,FORFEITURE OF SHARE,EQUITY VS PREFERENCE SHARES,DEBENTURE,TYPES OF DEBENTURE,SHARE VS DEBENTURE,MEETINGS,
KINDS OF MEETINGS,ESSENTIAL OF VALID MEETING,CONDITION OF VALID MEETING
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
overview of share and debenture.
introduction
Initial public offering
follow on public offer
share
debenture
types of shares
types of equity share
types of preference share
advantage and disadvantage
different between equity and preference
types of debenture
difference between share and debenture
A rights issue is an invitation to existing shareholders to purchase additional new shares in the company. In a right offering, each shareholder receives the first right to subscribe to the shares at the discount as compared to the prevailing share price.
Shares are units of equity ownership in a corporation. For some companies, shares exist as a financial asset providing for an equal distribution of any residual profits, if any are declaresharesd, in the form of dividends. Shareholders of a stock that pays no dividends do not participate in a distribution of profits. Instead, they anticipate participating in the growth of the stock price as company profits increase.
The Evolution of Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) in India: Challenges...beulahfernandes8
Role in Financial System
NBFCs are critical in bridging the financial inclusion gap.
They provide specialized financial services that cater to segments often neglected by traditional banks.
Economic Impact
NBFCs contribute significantly to India's GDP.
They support sectors like micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), housing finance, and personal loans.
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
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Flexible Credit Requirements: USDA loans have more lenient credit score requirements, helping those with less-than-perfect credit.
Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
Primary Residence: The home must be used as the borrower's primary residence.
Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank Introduce New Co-Branded Credit Cardnickysharmasucks
The unveiling of the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card marks a notable milestone in the Indian financial landscape, showcasing a successful partnership between two leading institutions, Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank. This co-branded credit card not only offers users a plethora of benefits but also reflects a commitment to innovation and adaptation. With a focus on providing value-driven and customer-centric solutions, this launch represents more than just a new product—it signifies a step towards redefining the banking experience for millions. Promising convenience, rewards, and a touch of luxury in everyday financial transactions, this collaboration aims to cater to the evolving needs of customers and set new standards in the industry.
If you are looking for a pi coin investor. Then look no further because I have the right one he is a pi vendor (he buy and resell to whales in China). I met him on a crypto conference and ever since I and my friends have sold more than 10k pi coins to him And he bought all and still want more. I will drop his telegram handle below just send him a message.
@Pi_vendor_247
Currently pi network is not tradable on binance or any other exchange because we are still in the enclosed mainnet.
Right now the only way to sell pi coins is by trading with a verified merchant.
What is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone verified by pi network team and allowed to barter pi coins for goods and services.
Since pi network is not doing any pre-sale The only way exchanges like binance/huobi or crypto whales can get pi is by buying from miners. And a merchant stands in between the exchanges and the miners.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant. I and my friends has traded more than 6000pi coins successfully
Tele-gram
@Pi_vendor_247
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
Exploring Abhay Bhutada’s Views After Poonawalla Fincorp’s Collaboration With...beulahfernandes8
The financial landscape in India has witnessed a significant development with the recent collaboration between Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank.
The launch of the co-branded credit card, the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card, marks a major milestone for both entities.
This strategic move aims to redefine and elevate the banking experience for customers.
Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
where can I find a legit pi merchant onlineDOT TECH
Yes. This is very easy what you need is a recommendation from someone who has successfully traded pi coins before with a merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold thousands of pi coins before the open mainnet.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with
@Pi_vendor_247
1. SHARES&DEBENTURE PREPARED BY:- Ravi Ahuja AnuragGelani SheetalVerma AkankshaGoswami BhavinRathod 1 STUDENT OF BHILAI BUSINESS SCHOOL BHILAI CHATTISHGARH
2. Introduction Meaning of shares & share capital Types of share & their advantages & disadvantages Issue of shares Meaning of debenture & its types Real Life IPO & FPO Example conclusion 2 CONTENTS
3. 3 INTRODUCTION Companies (Private and Public) need capital either to increase their productivity or to increase their market reach or to diversify or to purchase latest modern equipments. Companies go in for IPO and if they have already gone for IPO then they go for FPO. The only thing they do in either IPO or FPO is to sell the shares or debentures to investors. (the term investor here represents retail investors, financial institutions, government, high net worth individuals, banks etc). Whether they issue shares or debentures totally depends upon the concerned company.
4. 4 MEANING OF SHARES & SHARE CAPITAL A share is one unit into which the total share capital is divided. Share capital of the company can be explained as a fund or sum with which a company is formed to carry on the business and which is raised by the issue of shares. Shares are the marketable instruments issued by the companies in order to raise the required capital. These are very popular investments which are traded every day in the stock market and the value of the share at the end of the day decides the value of the firm.
5. 5 TYPES OF SHARES The shares which are issued by companies are of two types: • Equity Shares • Preference Shares
6. 6 EQUITY SHARES Equity Shares are issued and are traded everyday in the stock market. Equity share holders only get dividend after preference shareholders & debenture holders. The returns on the equity shares are not at all fixed. It depends on the amount of profits made by the company. The board of directors decides on how much of the dividends will be given to equity share holders. Share holders can accept to it or reject the offer during the annual general meeting. Equity shareholders have the right to vote on any resolution placed before the company.
7. 7 TYPES OF EQUITY SHARES The Equity share is a common name, some of the types of equity shares are: • Blue Chip Shares • Income Shares • Growth shares • Cyclical Shares • Defensive shares • Speculative shares
8. 8 FURTHER CLASSIFICATION One more classification of shares is given by one of the most successful and respected investor all around the world Peter Lynch. According to him the shares can be classified into 6 types: • Slow Growers • Fast Growers • Stalwarts • Cyclical • Turn-around • Asset plays
9. 9 ADVANTAGES • High Return • Easily Transferable. • These can be easily liquidated. • Right to vote • Right to choose the board of directors. • Equity share holders have the right to oppose any of the decisions taken by the board of directors. ( for e.g. This is what happened when Mr. Ramalingaraju tried to buy Maytas company) DISADVANTAGES • High Risk • In worst cases less privilege given to equity share holders.
10. 10 PREFRENCE SHARE These are other type of shares. The preference shares are market instrument issued by the companies to raise the capital. Preference shares have the characteristics of both equity shares and debentures. Fixed rate of dividends are paid to the preference share holder as in case of debentures, irrespective of the profits earned company is liable to pay interest to preference share holders.
11. 11 TYPES OF PREFERENCE SHARES Preference shares are divided into: • Cumulative & Non cumulative shares • Redeemable & Non-redeemable • Convertible & Non-convertible shares • Participating and non-participating
12. 12 ADVANTAGES • These yield fixed rate of returns • It’s a hybrid instrument having some of the characteristics of debentures and equity shares. DISADVANTAGES • They do not provide the investor with any of the voting rights. • If the company gets huge profits then they won’t get any extra bonus.
15. If access application received then company issue shares by pro rata basis
16. full amount can be called up by company at the time of application or it can be paid up in installments also (calls)
17. share of the company may be issued in any of the following three ways:At par; At premium; and At discount. Prospectus Application Allotment Repayment/ dividend
23. IPO EXAMPLE The Issue comprises a Fresh Issue and an Offer for Sale. The Proceeds of Fresh Issue The activities for which funds are being raised by our Company through this Issue, after deducting the proceeds from the Offer for Sale: (i) to partially finance the Yamuna Expressway Project; and (ii) general corporate purposes. (collectively referred to herein as the "Objects"). In addition, our Company expects to receive the benefits of listing of the Equity Shares on the Stock Exchanges. 18
24. 19 FPO EXAMPLE NTPC Limited (Company) enter market with FPO FPO opens on February 03' 10 India’s largest power generation company NTPC Limited (Company) will enter the capital markets on February 3, 2010 with its further public offer (FPO) of 412,273,220 equity shares of Rs 10 at prices to be determined through an alternative book building process under part D of Schedule XI of the SEBI (Issue of Capital and Disclosure Requirements) Regulations 2009. The FPO will close on February 5, 2010.
25. 20 CONCLUSION No doubt equity shares have both advantages and disadvantages but the fact is that equity shares are the most sought financial instruments for both investment or for speculation.
26. 21 THANK YOU ANY QUESTIONS YOU CONTACT AT anurag.gcool@gmail.com