Equity shares represent ownership in a company and are an important source of long-term capital financing. Preference shares have preferential rights to dividends and assets but limited voting rights. Debentures are a form of debt where the company promises to repay the principal along with interest. Other sources of financing discussed include retained earnings, loans from banks and financial institutions, public deposits, trade credit, leasing, factoring, and commercial paper.
This ppt is all about the long term finance for the business. From which sources a business firm used to get their long term finance to run the business. So i hope it will help you to give your presentation . Thanks for the download. And if you find any mistake, please feel free to comment and inform.
or send me a mail in tatinpisa@outlook.com
Valuation of shares, nature of shares, factors affecting shares, need for valuation of shares, method of valuation of shares, net asset based method, yield based method, fair value method
This ppt is all about the long term finance for the business. From which sources a business firm used to get their long term finance to run the business. So i hope it will help you to give your presentation . Thanks for the download. And if you find any mistake, please feel free to comment and inform.
or send me a mail in tatinpisa@outlook.com
Valuation of shares, nature of shares, factors affecting shares, need for valuation of shares, method of valuation of shares, net asset based method, yield based method, fair value method
A bond is a (written and signed promise) debt investment in which an investor loans money to an entity (typically corporate or governmental) which borrows the funds for a defined period of time at a variable or fixed interest rate (Coupon Rate).
A bond is a (written and signed promise) debt investment in which an investor loans money to an entity (typically corporate or governmental) which borrows the funds for a defined period of time at a variable or fixed interest rate (Coupon Rate).
Elements of financial management & working capitalCh Naresh
The PPT Covers the 2 topics
1.Elements of Financial Management
2.Working Capital
which consists of following topics:
Contents :
Finance
Shares
Debentures
Bonds
Right shares
Venture capital
Mutual fund
Importance of working Capital
Types of working Capital
Components of working Capital
➢Meaning
➢Importance
of Working capital
Capital
Hey, Do you want to know something about Debt or Equity? Then just one click on Link is given in PPT and you will get import information on it which will help you. So, Do just One Click on Link.....
VENTURE CAPITAL
Overview of the Venture-Capital Industry
Types of Venture capital firms
Venture-Capital Process
Stages In Venture Financing
Locating Venture Capitalists
Activities of Venture Capitalists
Approaching a Venture Capitalist
CASE STUDY ON SBI
BRIEF EXPLAINATION OF THE CASE
POST-SBI-VRS SCENARIO
SBI-VRS is not as per expectation of management .. because
STRATEGIES FOR PROPER STAFF COST REDUCTION
Lessons from the case…
CONCLUSION
Industrial Policy Resolution of 1948
Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956
Industrial Policy Resolution of 1973
Industrial Policy Resolution of 1977
Industrial Policy Resolution of 1980
The New Industrial Policy of 1991
NEGOTIATION
INTRODUCTION TO NEGOTIATION
NATURE AND NEED FOR NEGOTIATION
FACTORS AFFECTING NEGOTIATION
STAGES OF NEGOTIATION
ROLL OF PERSONALITY IN NEGOTATION
WHAT IS NEGOTIATION STRATEGY?
FIVE SUCCESSFUL NEGOTIATION STRATEGIES
NEGOTIATION STRATEGY: SEVEN COMMON PITFALLS TO AVOID
DO’S OF CASE PRESENTATION
DON’T S OF CASE PRESENTATION
DISCUSSING AND PRESENTING A CASE
DECISION CASE
SOME OF THE POINTS NEED TO BE KEPT IN A MIND WHEN PRESENTING A CASE
A REPORT ON RAILWAY BUDGET -2016
What is railway budget?
Theme of the Budget
Vision
Investments and Resources
Financial Performance
Investments and Resources
Achievements of 2015-16
THE WAY TO IMPROVE
Customer interface
CAPACITY BUILDING FOR FUTURE THROUGH
FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE 2015
Budget estimation 2016-17
Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
Empowering the Unbanked: The Vital Role of NBFCs in Promoting Financial Inclu...Vighnesh Shashtri
In India, financial inclusion remains a critical challenge, with a significant portion of the population still unbanked. Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have emerged as key players in bridging this gap by providing financial services to those often overlooked by traditional banking institutions. This article delves into how NBFCs are fostering financial inclusion and empowering the unbanked.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYCDOT TECH
Pi coins is not launched yet in any exchange 💱 this means it's not swappable, the current pi displaying on coin market cap is the iou version of pi. And you can learn all about that on my previous post.
RIGHT NOW THE ONLY WAY you can sell pi coins is through verified pi merchants. A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges and crypto whales. Looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale or ico offerings, the only way to get my coins is from buying from miners. So a merchant facilitates the transactions between the miners and these exchanges holding pi.
I and my friends has sold more than 6000 pi coins successfully with this method. I will be happy to share the contact of my personal pi merchant. The one i trade with, if you have your own merchant you can trade with them. For those who are new.
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram.
I wouldn't advise you selling all percentage of the pi coins. Leave at least a before so its a win win during open mainnet. Have a nice day pioneers ♥️
#kyc #mainnet #picoins #pi #sellpi #piwallet
#pinetwork
If you are looking for a pi coin investor. Then look no further because I have the right one he is a pi vendor (he buy and resell to whales in China). I met him on a crypto conference and ever since I and my friends have sold more than 10k pi coins to him And he bought all and still want more. I will drop his telegram handle below just send him a message.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
Competitive Interest Rates: These loans often come with lower interest rates compared to conventional loans.
Flexible Credit Requirements: USDA loans have more lenient credit score requirements, helping those with less-than-perfect credit.
Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
Primary Residence: The home must be used as the borrower's primary residence.
Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
How to get verified on Coinbase Account?_.docxBuy bitget
t's important to note that buying verified Coinbase accounts is not recommended and may violate Coinbase's terms of service. Instead of searching to "buy verified Coinbase accounts," follow the proper steps to verify your own account to ensure compliance and security.
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
BYD SWOT Analysis and In-Depth Insights 2024.pptxmikemetalprod
Indepth analysis of the BYD 2024
BYD (Build Your Dreams) is a Chinese automaker and battery manufacturer that has snowballed over the past two decades to become a significant player in electric vehicles and global clean energy technology.
This SWOT analysis examines BYD's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as it competes in the fast-changing automotive and energy storage industries.
Founded in 1995 and headquartered in Shenzhen, BYD started as a battery company before expanding into automobiles in the early 2000s.
Initially manufacturing gasoline-powered vehicles, BYD focused on plug-in hybrid and fully electric vehicles, leveraging its expertise in battery technology.
Today, BYD is the world’s largest electric vehicle manufacturer, delivering over 1.2 million electric cars globally. The company also produces electric buses, trucks, forklifts, and rail transit.
On the energy side, BYD is a major supplier of rechargeable batteries for cell phones, laptops, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems.
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
3. EQUITY SHARES
Meaning :
Equity shares is the most important
sources of raising long term capital by
company.Equity shares represent the
ownership of company and thus the
capital raised by issue of such shares
is known as ownership capital or
owner’s fund.
Equity shares capital is a perquisites
to the creation of the company.
4. Equity Shares:
Equity share holders do not get fixed
dividend but are the paid on the basis
of earnings of the company.
They are referred to as “residual
owners” since they receive what is left
after all other claims on the company’s
income and assets have been settled.
They enjoy the reward as well as bear
the risk ownership.
5. Equity Shares:
Their liability, however is limited to the
extent of capital contributed by the
company.
Further through their right to vote
these share holders have right to
participate in the management of the
company
6. MERITS
Equity shares are suitable for
investors who are willing to assume
risk for higher returns
Payment of the dividend to the equity
share holders is not compulsory
Equity capital provides credit
worthiness to the company and
confidence to the prospective loan
providers.
7. Limitations
Investors who want steady income
may not prefer equity shares as equity
shares get fluctuating returns
The cost of equity shares is generally
more as compared to the cost of
raising funds through other sources.
8. Retained Earnings
Retained earnings refer to the percentage
of net earnings not paid to out as
dividends, but retained by the company
to be reinvested in its core business or to
pay debt. It is recorded under
shareholders’ equity on the balance
sheet.
9. PREFRENCE SHARES
Preference shares are those which
have preferential right to the payment
of dividend during the life-time of the
company and a preferential right to the
return of capital when the company is
wound up.
10. TYPES OF PREFERENCE
SHARES
Cumulative and Non cumulative.
Participating and Non Participating.
Convertible and Non Convertible.
Redeemable and Non Redeemable
11. CUMULATIVE AND NON-
CUMULATIVE
Holders of Cumulative preference shares
are entitled to recover the arrears of
preference dividend before any dividend
is paid on equity shares.
In the case of Non- cumulative Preference
shares arrears of dividend do not
accumulate and hence, if dividend is to be
paid to equity shareholder in any year,
dividend at a fixed rate for only 1 year will
have to be paid to preference shareholder
before equity dividend is paid.
12. Participating and Non-
Participating
Participating Preference shareholders
are not only entitle to only fixed rate of
dividend but have the right to receive
any surplus profit which remains after
dividend has been paid at a certain rate
to equity shareholders.
Non-Participating Preference
shareholders are entitle to only fixed
rate of dividend.
13. Convertible and Non-
Convertible
Holder of Convertible Preference
shares enjoy the right to get
preference share converted into equity
shares according to the terms of
issue.
Holder of Non Convertible Preference
shares do not enjoy any such right.
14. Redeemable and Non-
Redeemable
Redeemable Preference shares are
those preference shares whose amount
can be returned by the company to their
holder within the life time of the company
subject to the terms of the issue and
fulfillment of certain legal conditions laid
down in sec 80 of the companies act.
The amount of Non Redeemable
Preference shares can be returned only
company is wound up.
15. BENEFITS
Helpful in raising long-term capital for a
company.
Have first claim on profits and proceeds
from the sale of the company’s asset at
the time of bankruptcy.
Have fixed rate of dividend for fixed
number of years.
Guaranteed Rate of Return.
16. DRAWBACKS
Not traded in market like ordinary
shares.
Not available to retail investors.
Not advantageous to investors form the
point of view of control & management
as preference share do not carry voting
rights.
Cost of raising preference share capital
is higher.
18. Debentures are an important instrument
for raising long term debt capital.
The debenture issued by an company is
an acknowledgement that the company
has borrowed a certain amount of money,
which it promises to repay at a future date.
Debenture holders are therefore termed as
“Creditors” of the company.
19. TYPES OF DEBENTURES
On the basis of security:-
a. Secured Debentures.
b. Unsecured Debentures.
Secured Debentures are such which create a
charge on the assets of the company, thereby
mortgaging the assets of the company.
Unsecured Debentures do not carry any charge
on the assets of the company.
20. On the basis of redemption:-
a) Redeemable Debentures.
b) Non-redeemable Debentures.
These are the debentures which are issued for a
fixed period. It can be redeemed by annual
drawings or by purchasing from the open
market.
These are the debentures which are not
redeemed in the life time of the company. Such
debentures are paid back only when the
company goes to liquidation.
21. On the basis of records:-
a) Registered Debentures.
b) Bearer Debentures.
Registered debentures are those which are duly
recorded in the register of debenture holders
maintained by the company.
The debentures which are transferable by mere
delivery are called bearer debentures.
22. On the basis of Convertibility:-
a) Convertible Debentures.
b) Non-Convertible Debentures.
Convertible debentures are those
debentures that can be converted into
equity shares after the expiry of a
specified period.
Non- Convertible debentures are those
which cannot be converted into equity
shares.
23. Advantages
When the company issues debentures it does not
result in the dilution of Ownership as is the case
with the issue of equity shares.
Interest paid on a debenture is a tax deductible
expense and hence company gets the tax benefit.
Since debenture holders do not have any voting
rights they do not interfere with the working of
the organization.
Debenture holders payment of interest is fixed
and hence firm does not need to share profits
with them.
24. DISADVANTAGES
Payment of interest on debenture is mandatory
and when company is making low profits.
Nonpayment of interest can even lead to
bankruptcy for the firm.
Since on maturity they have to be repaid company
needs to plan properly and keep funds for same. If
company has not maintained enough funds it is a
recipe for a disaster.
Debentures are bought by large institutional
investors and hence at times it may prove to be
costly and difficult source of finance for the
company.
25. Loan from financial institution
and loan from bank
Meaning :
In finance and economics,
a financial institution provide financial
services for its clients or members.
One of the most important financial
services provided by financial
institution is acting as a financial
intermediaries most financial
institution regulated by the
government
26. Functions
Financial institution provide service as
intermediaries of financial market.
majorly they are three types of
financial institution
1) Depository institution
2) Contractual institution
3) Investment institution
27. 1) Depository institution; Deposit
taking institution that and accept and
manage deposit and make loans .
2) contractual institution – insurance
companies and pension funds etc ..
3) investment institution -
investment banks, underwriter , brokerage
firm
28. Public deposits
Public deposits refers to the unsecured deposits
invited by companies from the public mainly to
finance working capital needs. A company
wishing to invite public deposits makes an
advertisement in the newspapers.
Any member of the public can fill up the
prescribed from and deposit the money with the
company. The company in return issues a
deposit receipt.
29. Lease financing
Lease financing is one of the important sources of
medium - and long-term financing where the owner
of an asset gives another person, the right to use that
asset against periodical payments. The owner of the
asset is known as lessor and the user is called lessee.
The periodical payment made by the lessee to the
lessor is known as lease rental. Under lease
financing, lessee is given the right to use the asset
but the ownership lies with the lessor and at the end
of the lease contract, the asset is returned to the
lessor or an option is given to the lessee either to
purchase the asset or to renew the lease agreement.
30. What is a trade credit
A trade credit is an agreement where a
customer can purchase goods on
account (without paying cash), paying
the suppliers at a later date. Usually
when the goods delivered, a trade credit
given for a specific number of days -30,
60 or 90. jewelry businesses sometimes
extend credit to 180 days or longer.
Trade credit is essentially a credit a
company gives to another for purchases
of goods & services
31. Meaning of trade credit
Trade credit is an important external
source of working capital financing. It is a
short term credit extended by suppliers
of goods & services in the normal course
of business, to a buyer in order to
enhance sales.
Trade credit arises when a supplier of
goods & services allows customers to
pay for goods and services at a later
date. Cash is not immediately paid &
deferral of payment represents a source
32. Advantages of trade credit
It is easy and automatic sources of
short term finance.
It reduces the capital requirement.
It helps the business focus on core
activities.
It does not require any negotiation or
formal agreement
33. Factoring
Factoring is a transaction in which a
business sells its accounts receivable,
or invoices, to a third party commercial
financial company, also known as a
“factor.” This is done so that the
business can receive cash more quickly
than it would by waiting 30 to 60 days
for a customer payment. Factoring is
sometimes called “accounts receivable
financing.”
34. Factoring in Five Simple
Steps
1.You perform a service for your
customer.
2.You send your invoice to a factoring
company.
3.You receive a cash advance on your
invoice from the factoring company.
4.The factoring company collects full
payment from your customer.
5.The factoring company pays you the
rest of your invoice amount, minus a fee.
35. Some other major benefits
include:
1.Factoring can be customized and
managed so that it provides necessary
capital when your company needs it.
2.The financing does not show up on your
balance sheet as debt.
3.Factoring is based on the quality of your
customers’ credit, not your own credit
or business history.
4.Unlike a conventional loan, factoring has
no limit to the amount of financing.
5.Factoring aligns well with start-up
businesses that need immediate cash
flow.
36. Here’s a fictional example to
illustrate a common factoring
situation:
ABC Transport is a trucking company that wants to double the size of its
fleet over the next two years and serve more clients in the West.
The company has just landed a new customer on the West Coast who
needs freight shipped from Kansas City to Los Angeles.
The customer will pay for the service within 30 days, but that won’t cover
the immediate fuel, payroll and maintenance costs of running the route.
The owners of ABC Transport have been in this situation before. They
feel that the lack of available cash flow has prevented the company from
taking on new business.
ABC Transport turns to a factoring company, selling the West Coast
customer’s invoice in exchange for a 90% advance on the total amount
within a day.
The influx of cash replenishes the trucking company’s reserves, allowing
it to run the Kansas City-Los Angeles route.
Factoring also gives ABC Transport the flexibility to take on new
customers as well.
37. Banks
A financial institution that is licensed to deal with money and its
substitutes by accepting time and demand deposits, making loans,
and investing in securities. The bank generates profits from the
difference in the interest rates charged and paid.
TYPES OF BANKS
Retail Banks
Retail banks provide basic banking services to individual
consumers
Commercial banks
Commercial Banks provide financial services to
businesses, including credit and debit cards, bank
accounts, deposits and loans, and secured and unsecured
loans.
38. Cooperative banks
Cooperative Banks are governed by the
provisions of State Cooperative Societies
Act and meant essentially for providing
cheap credit to their members
Investment Banks
Investment banks aid companies in
acquiring funds and they provide advice for a
wide range of transactions
Central banks
Central banks provide monetary and
financial policy
39. Commercial paper
A short term unsecured negotiable
instrument consisting of promissory
notes
With fixed maturity
Generally they are issued by
companies as a means of raising short
term debt
Issued at a discounted face value
The issues promises a fixed amount at
future date but pledges no assets