This document provides an overview of the File Transfer Protocol (FTP): 1. FTP is a standard network protocol used for transferring computer files between a client and server on a TCP-based network like the Internet. It is built on a client-server model using separate control and data connections. 2. FTP uses various commands to transfer files, list directories, and manage the connection. Common commands include GET to download a file and PUT to upload. FTP servers also support anonymous access without credentials. 3. The FTP protocol was first specified in 1971 before TCP/IP existed. It has since been updated and standardized to support TCP/IP through specifications like RFC 959 from 1985. FTP remains widely used today for

1. Contents of Table
Table 1...............................................11
Table 2...............................................12

2. Contents of Figures
Figure 1 .................................................................6
Figure 2 .................................................................7
Figure 4 .................................................................7
Figure 3 .................................................................7
Figure 5 .................................................................9
Figure 6 ...............................................................14

3. Contents
FTP........................................................................................................................................4
(FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL) ..............................................................................................4
CHAPTER # 01 ...................................................................................................................4
1:1 What Is FTP ......................................................................................................................4
1:1:1 DIGITAL VIEW OF (FTP) ...............................................................................................4
1:1:2 Preparation ..................................................................................................................5
1:1:3 Uses of digital FTP.......................................................................................................5
When the FTP connection has been established and the ability to synchronize .....................5
1:2 FTP in view of author as..................................................................................................5
Abhay Bhushan”s say”s…. that this “Linkedln is the worlds largest business network”. ................5
1:3 History of FTP...................................................................................................................4
1:3:1 What is TCP/IP.......................................................................................................... 13
1.3:2 TCP/IP architectural model.......................................................................................... 13
1:4 FTP Development and Standardization ..................................................................................5
CHAPTER # 02.......................................................................................................................6
(PROTOCOL) .....................................................................................................................6
2:1 WHAT IS PROTOCOL.......................................................................................................6
2:2 Protocol mean ................................................................................................................6
2:3 Uses of FTP.......................................................................................................................6
2:4 FTP Server ........................................................................................................................6
2:4:1 Starting of FTP ............................................................................................................7
2:5 Getting of FTP Client..........................................................................................................7
2:6 To get an FTP server...........................................................................................................8
2:7 Publishing of web site to an FTP server.................................................................................8
2:8 Uploading files on FTP .......................................................................................................8
2:8:1 Upload Menu Option ....................................................................................................8
2:8:2 Upload Toolbar Button..................................................................................................8
2:8:3 Drag and Drop.............................................................................................................8
2:9 Anonymous FTP ................................................................................................................9
2:10 PASV mode .....................................................................................................................9
2:10:1 Control connection .....................................................................................................9
2:10:2 Data connection .........................................................................................................9
2:11 FTP Terminology ............................................................................................................ 10
2:11:1 Anonymous FTP:...................................................................................................... 10
2:11:2 Archives: ................................................................................................................. 10
2:11:3 Download:............................................................................................................... 10
2:11:4 FTP site:.................................................................................................................. 10
2:11:5 Upload: ................................................................................................................... 10
2:12 FTP Sample User and Internal Command Dialog ................................................................ 10
2:13 TCP/IP General File Transfer Protocols (FTP and TFTP) ..................................................... 13
2:13:1 In this section I take a look at the two TCP/IP general file transfer protocols. ................... 13
2:13 TCP/IP Electronic Mail System: Concepts and Protocols (RFC 822, MIME, SMTP, POP3, IMAP)
............................................................................................................................................ 14

4. FTP
(FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL)
CHAPTER # 01
1:1 What Is FTP
FTP is a protocol for moving files from one computer or server to another .These files may be
stored in their new location for storage or for viewing/downloading by others on the World Wide
Web.
FTP stands for "file transfer protocol." FTP powers one of the fundamental Internet functions and is
the prescribed method for the transfer of files between computers. It is also the easiest and most
secure way to exchange files over the Internet.
OR
The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network protocol used to transfer computer files
from one host to another host over a TCP-based network, such as the Internet.
1:2 Exposition of FTP
FTP is built on a client-server architecture and uses separate control and data connections
between the client and the server.FTP users may authenticate themselves using a clear-text
sign-in protocol, normally in the form of a username and password, but can connect anonymously
if the server is configured to allow it. For secure transmission that protects the username and
password, and encrypts the content, FTP is often secured with SSL/TLS (FTPS). SSH File
Transfer Protocol (SFTP) is sometimes also used instead, but is technologically different.
The first FTP client applications were command-line applications developed before operating
systems had graphical user interfaces, and are still shipped with most Windows, Unix, and Linux
operating systems. Many FTP clients and automation utilities have since been developed for
desktops, servers, mobile devices, and hardware, and FTP has been incorporated into productivity
applications, such as Web page editors. An FTP address looks a lot like an HTTP or web site
address except it uses the prefix (ftp:// instead of http://)
(Simply FTP stands for file transfer protocol)
1:3 History of FTP
The original specification for the File Transfer Protocol was written by Abhay Bhushan and
published as RFC 114 on 16 April 1971. Until 1980, FTP ran on NCP, the predecessor of
TCP/IP.[2] The protocol was later replaced by a TCP/IP version, RFC 765 (June 1980) and
RFC 959 (October 1985), the current specification. Several proposed standards amend RFC
959, for example RFC 2228 (June 1997) proposes security extensions and RFC 2428
(September 1998) adds support for IPv6 and defines a new type of passive mode.
1:4 DIGITAL VIEW OF (FTP)
A quick, easy and very low cost way to remotely manage content such as video,
playlists, schedules and data-logs on a digital signage media player with an FTP

5. server.
1:4:1 Preparation of Digital FTP
To enable media player to FTP server file synchronization, you will require:
At least one View Stream320 (VS-320), View Stream520 (VS-520) or
View Stream700 (VS-700) and related a “DVSYNC.INI” files.
FTP server with LAN or Internet access.
Note: LAN is a local area network.
1:4:2 Uses of digital FTP
When the FTP connection has been established and the ability to synchronize
Verified it is simply a matter of putting new video content in the FTP folders. (e.g.
/MEDIA/*.mpg)
1:5 FTP in view of author as;
Abhay Bhushan”s say”s…. that this “Linkedln is the worlds largest business network”.
1:6 FTP Development and Standardization
The developers of early applications conceptually divided methods of network use into two
categories: direct and indirect. Direct network applications let a user access a remote host and use
it as if it were local, creating the illusion that the network doesn't even exist (or at least, minimizing
the importance of distance). Indirect network use meant getting resources from a remote host and
using them on the local system, then transferring them back. These two methods of use became
the models for the first two formalized TCP/IP networking applications: Telnet for direct access and
the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) for indirect network use
.
The first FTP standard was RFC 114, published in April 1971, before TCP and IP even existed.
This standard defined the basic commands of the protocol and the formal means by which devises
communicate using it. At this time the predecessor of TCP (called simply the Network Control
Protocol or NCP) was used for conveying network traffic. There was no Internet back then. Its
precursor, the ARPA net, was tiny, consisting of only a small group of development computers.

6. CHAPTER # 02
(PROTOCOL)
2:1 WHAT IS PROTOCOL
 Protocol is not a program.
 It is not a software application.
 Protocol is just a method/ a specific method of transfer files.
2:2 Protocol mean
The dictionary defines the word "protocol" as:
"A set of conventions governing the treatment and especially the formatting of data
in an electronic communications system."
Therefore, FTP is essentially a "set of conventions" that can be used by an "electronic
communications system" to transfer files.
These "conventions" are defined in a document known as RFC 959. This document contains the
details of how FTP should be implemented in software.
2:3 Uses of file transfer protocol (FTP)
The most common use of FTP is to download files. FTP is vital to the MP3 music sharing, most
online auctions and game enthusiasts. The ability to transfer files quickly and reliably is essential
for everyone creating and maintaining a web page.
Figure 1
Most web hosting services provide FTP access to their customers to allow them to upload the
contents of their web sites.
Companies often have FTP servers that allow users to send and receive files.
Most universities have FTP servers that allow their students to download course materials and
upload assignments for submission.
Use FTP to transfer files among users, especially if the files are too large to attach to an email.
Use FTP to browse through a collection of downloadable files on a public software archive.
2:4 FTP Server
Typically, a computer with an FTP address is dedicated to receive an FTP connection. A
computer dedicated to receiving an FTP connection is referred to as an FTP server or FTP site.

7. Figure 2
2:4:1 Starting of FTP
You need two things to begin using FTP
(A) An FTP client application and
(B) An FTP server.
2:5 Getting of FTP Client
Most computer operating systems already come with an FTP client; however, it is not user-friendly.
Start up a command prompt window, type "ftp" and then press “enter.” Chances are you will be
greeted by an "ftp>" prompt. Unless you are well-versed with using command lines and enjoy
typing,
Figure 4
there are much easier ways to FTP.FTP Explorer is an FTP client application. It is designed to
make FTP simple and hassle-free. Most people agree it is much easier to use than a command
Figure 3Figure 3

8. line FTP client. Download FTP Explorer here.
2:6 Getting of FTP server
In many cases, the FTP server can connecting is already out there somewhere, waiting for a new
established connection to it.
To set up FTP server so other users can connect to the server and transfer files,it have a few
options:
Many operating systems come with an FTP server, but it is often disabled for security reasons.
Windows XP Pro includes an FTP server as part of Internet Information Server, but it is disabled by
default. Most Unix and Linux systems include FTP "daemons" as part of their distributions.
Check with the vendor of your operating system to determine if you already have FTP server
software.
There are also a variety of third party FTP servers available.
2:7 Publishing of web site to an FTP server
If you need to send your web site files to the FTP server that your web hosting service has
established for you.
Obtain the following information from your hosting service:
o Host name or IP address of their FTP server,
o The login name you should use,
o The password you should use, and
o The location of the folder where you should store your files.
2:8 Uploading files on FTP
To upload files, you must first be connected to an FTP server using the appropriate login and
password (most servers do NOT allow anonymous users to upload). Contact the administrator of
the FTP server to determine the appropriate login information.
Once connected, you must navigate to the proper folder. You may not have rights to upload into
every folder to which you have access. Contact the administrator of the FTP server to determine
the folder that you should be uploading to.
Once connected and in the proper folder, you have several options for uploading at your disposal:
2:8:1 UploadMenuOption
o Choose the FILE | UPLOAD menu option
o Select file(s) to upload from the Upload dialog box
2:8:2 UploadToolbarButton
o Select the Upload toolbar button
o Select file(s) to upload from the Upload dialog box
2:8:3 Drag and Drop
o Open a windows explorer view, such as My Computer

9. o Navigate to the files that you wish to upload
o Drag and drop the files onto the right pane of FTP Explorer
NOTE: Drag and drop is currently the only way to upload entire folders.
2:9 Anonymous FTP
Many FTP servers allow "anonymous" access. Usually these servers will only allow you to
download anonymously and will prohibit uploading.
To connect with an anonymous FTP server:
o Use "anonymous" for the login name
o Use your email address for the password
All major software and hardware providers have anonymous FTP
o You can download upgrades
o Free software e.g. MS word internet assistant, Word perfect internet publisher…
2:10 PASV mode
In order to resolve the issue of the server initiating the connection to the client a different method
for FTP connections was developed. This was known as passive mode, or PASV.
o An FTP session generally consists of two connections between the client and the server:
Figure 5
2:10:1 Control connection
The first connection is known as the "control connection" and is used by the client to send
commands to the server and receive responses from the server. This connection is usually made
via TCP port 21.
2:10:2 Data connection
The second connection is known as the "data connection" and is used to transfer the actual data
(such as files or directory listings) between the client and server.
When PASV mode is used, the client sends a command to the server informing the server of its
intent to use PASV mode, and the server responds with a TCP port. The client then initiates a
connection to the server on this port and the server begins transferring data.
In general, it is usually better to use PASV mode.

10. 2:11 FTP Terminology
Five way of FTP Terminology which we show here ;
2:11:1 AnonymousFTP:
Transfers files from the public portion of an FTP server. "Anonymous" means that you don't have to
have an account on the server. In most cases, use anonymous as your user name and your email
address as your password.
2:11:2 Archives:
The archives will continue to support FTP uploading, phasing out FTP read access in favor of
HHTP (web) access. An FTP site that contains a selection of files for download.
2:11:3 Download/Get:
Download also called "Get". Copy a file from an FTP site to another computer. If you're merely
downloading shared files an anonymous account is usually sufficient. However, if you're
downloading Web pages for update, a password and user privileges is usually required.
2:11:4 FTP site:
A Web site that stores files for download. We can access the sites with a Web browser by typing in
the address. All FTP site addresses begin with ftp:// (instead of http://).
2:11:5 Upload/Put:
Upload also called "Put". Place files on an FTP server. Upload privileges are usually password
protected to keep unauthorized users from placing files that could contain viruses or other
malicious code on the server.
2:12 FTP Sample User and Internal Command Dialog
The previous two sections (server & client) have described how FTP operates, and shown the
commands and reply codes used to implement communication between an FTP user and an FTP
server. Having now seen all the details of how FTP works, let's tie everything together by looking at
a sample FTP session between an FTP client and server, to see FTP commands and replies “in
action”.
e.g. In this example, I will invoke FTP from a client to retrieve a text file from an FTP server, then
delete the file from the server and the directory that contained it. In the process, I will issue some
additional commands to illustrate more of how FTP works. I will enable “debug” mode in the FTP
client so that for each user command we can see the actual FTP protocol commands generated.

11. Table 1
 Table shows the sample FTP dialog, slightly simplified. The first column contains commands
entered by the user (that's me) on the FTP client. The second shows the actual protocol command(s)
sent to the FTP server in highlighted text, and the reply returned from the server to the client in
plain text. The third contains descriptive comments.

12. Table 2

13. 2:13 What is TCP/IP
The Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite has become
the industry-standard method of interconnecting hosts, networks, and the Internet. As such, it is.
Although TCP/IP supports a host of applications, both standard and nonstandard, these
applications could not exist without the foundation of a set of core protocols.
2:14 TCP/IP architectural model
The TCP/IP protocol suite is so named for two of its most important protocols:
o Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP).
o A less used name for it is the Internet Protocol Suite, which is the phrase used in official
Internet standards documents.
2:15 TCP/IP General File Transfer Protocols (FTP & TFTP)
As I mentioned in the preceding overview of file and message transfer protocols, they represent
the most basic type of network communication: the simple movement of blocks of data. Of the
many file and message transfer methods, the most fundamental application is what I call general
file transfer. General file transfer protocols perform one main function: allowing files to be copied
from one computer to another.
Since file transfer protocols move files from place to place without considering their contents much,
they are relatively “unsophisticated” compared to certain message-processing applications.
However, the idea of being able to move files around is so important that general file transfer
protocols were one of the very first applications in internetworking. While many people now use
electronic mail or Web browsers to perform the functions formerly performed exclusively using
general file transfer, these older protocols are still very important and widely used, and important to
understand.
2:16 In this section I take a look at the two TCP/IP general file
transfer protocols.
o The first is called simply the File Transfer Protocol (FTP).
o The second is called the Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP).
Each is described in its own subsection.
The relationship between FTP and TFTP is similar to that of the Transmission Control
Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) at layer four. FTP is full-featured,
session-oriented and somewhat complex. It is the more often-used of the two protocols,
providing a full command interface and taking advantage of the reliability and stream
transfer functions of TCP, over which it runs. TFTP, like the UDP it uses at the transport
layer, is a “stripped down” version of FTP. It has far fewer commands and capabilities than
FTP, but is ideal for cases where simplicity and small software program size is important,
such as embedded software in devices.

14. Figure 6
2:17 TCP/IP Electronic Mail System: Concepts and
Protocols (RFC 822, MIME, SMTP, POP3, IMAP)
In this section I describe TCP/IP electronic mail in detail, in five sections that discuss
electronic mail concepts and the various components and protocols that comprise the
overall TCP/IP e-mail system
 The first subsection provides an overview of TCP/IP electronic mail and discusses the way
that it is used and the different protocols and methods that comprise the system.
 The second discusses how e-mail messages are addressed.
 The third covers standard and special formats for e-mail messages.
 The fourth describe the TCP/IP protocols that implement electronic mail functionality.
 The fifth subsections an examination of the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), which
is responsible for the delivery of e-mail, and several protocols and methods used for
mailbox access and mail retrieval, including POP3 and IMAP.