This document defines and provides examples of various figures of speech used in language, including literal and figurative language. It explains common figures of speech such as metaphor, simile, personification, and irony. For each figure of speech, the definition is given along with 2-3 examples to illustrate how it is used. The document concludes with a short poem about love as a dream.
A figure of speech or rhetorical figure is figurative language in the form of a single word or phrase. It can be a special repetition, arrangement or omission of words with literal meaning, or a phrase with a specialized meaning not based on the literal meaning of the words.
In truth, there are a wealth of these literary tools in the English language. But, let's start out by exploring some of the most common figure of speech examples.
For example,
Synecdoche:
Synecdoche occurs when a part is represented by the whole or, conversely, the whole is represented by the part.
Examples include:
Wheels - a car
The police - one policeman
Plastic - credit cards
Figurative language is often associated with literature and with poetry in particular. Whether we're conscious of it or not, we use figures of speech every day in our own writing and conversations.
Figures of speech are also known as figures of rhetoric, figures of style, rhetorical figures, figurative language, and schemes.
A figure of speech is a use of a word that diverges from its normal meaning, or a phrase with a specialized meaning not based on the literal meaning of the words in it such as a metaphor, simile, or personification. Figures of speech often provide emphasis, freshness of expression, or clarity.
Through the use of figures of speech, the author makes significant the insignificant, makes seem less important the overemphasized, brings colour and light, insight, understanding and clarity.
Figures of speech allow us to assess, interpret and critically analyze not only the writer's attempt, but also his or her purpose.
In elements of poetry, there are 2 types of poetry >> it is the SENSE, and
SOUND.
Under the SENSE we have:
DICTION,
IMAGES & SENSE EXPRESSION, and lastly
FIGURE OF SPEECH.
the next topic will be SOUND.
Under the SOUND we have :
TONE
RHYTHM
METER
RHYME SCHEME
some of these topics has an example and defination of its name.
This is only the main elements of poetry, so i hope you stay tuned to my slides and i will be uploaded more slides reports here in slideshare.
A figure of speech or rhetorical figure is figurative language in the form of a single word or phrase. It can be a special repetition, arrangement or omission of words with literal meaning, or a phrase with a specialized meaning not based on the literal meaning of the words.
In truth, there are a wealth of these literary tools in the English language. But, let's start out by exploring some of the most common figure of speech examples.
For example,
Synecdoche:
Synecdoche occurs when a part is represented by the whole or, conversely, the whole is represented by the part.
Examples include:
Wheels - a car
The police - one policeman
Plastic - credit cards
Figurative language is often associated with literature and with poetry in particular. Whether we're conscious of it or not, we use figures of speech every day in our own writing and conversations.
Figures of speech are also known as figures of rhetoric, figures of style, rhetorical figures, figurative language, and schemes.
A figure of speech is a use of a word that diverges from its normal meaning, or a phrase with a specialized meaning not based on the literal meaning of the words in it such as a metaphor, simile, or personification. Figures of speech often provide emphasis, freshness of expression, or clarity.
Through the use of figures of speech, the author makes significant the insignificant, makes seem less important the overemphasized, brings colour and light, insight, understanding and clarity.
Figures of speech allow us to assess, interpret and critically analyze not only the writer's attempt, but also his or her purpose.
In elements of poetry, there are 2 types of poetry >> it is the SENSE, and
SOUND.
Under the SENSE we have:
DICTION,
IMAGES & SENSE EXPRESSION, and lastly
FIGURE OF SPEECH.
the next topic will be SOUND.
Under the SOUND we have :
TONE
RHYTHM
METER
RHYME SCHEME
some of these topics has an example and defination of its name.
This is only the main elements of poetry, so i hope you stay tuned to my slides and i will be uploaded more slides reports here in slideshare.
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The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. What is the difference
between
LITERAL and FIGURATIVE
Language?
3. LITERAL FIGURATIVE
The actual,
dictionary
meaning of a
word; language
that means what
it appears to
mean.
Language that
goes beyond
the normal
meaning of the
words used.
6. ALLITERATION
“You'll never put a better bit of butter on
your knife.”
“I saw Susie sitting in a shoe shine shop.
Where she sits she shines, and where
she shines she sits.”
8. ANAPHORA
“We shall go on to the end, we shall fight in
France, we shall fight on the seas and
oceans, we shall fight with growing
confidence and growing strength in the air,
we shall defend our Island, whatever the cost
may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we
shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall
fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall
fight in the hills; we shall never surrender.”
9. ANTITHESIS
An opposition or contrast of ideas.
Two opposite ideas are put together
to achieve an contrasting effect.
10. ANTITHESIS
“Speech is silver, but silence is gold.”
“Love is an ideal thing, marriage a real
thing.”
“Many are called, but few are chosen.”
11. APOSTROPHE
When you speak up into an object, an
idea, or someone who doesn’t exist as
if it is a living person.
12. APOSTROPHE
“Hello darkness, my old friend
I've come to talk with you again..”
“Twinkle, twinkle, little star, how I
wonder what you are..”
“Oh, pillow, thank you for being my
shoulder when I’m alone.”
14. ASSONANCE
"It beats as it sweeps as it cleans.“
"Old age should burn and rave at close
of day; Rage, rage, against the dying
of the light.”
“Johnny went here and there and
everywhere.”
15. CHIASMUS
A verbal pattern in which the second
half of an expression is balanced
against the first but with the parts
reversed.
16. CHIASMUS
“I flee who chases me, and chase
who flees me.”
“Fair is foul, and foul is fair.”
“Never let a fool kiss you or a kiss
fool you.”
17. EUPHENISM
A mild or indirect word or expression
substituted for one considered to be too
harsh or unpleasant.
18. EUPHENISM
“Pre-loved” for second hand.
“Passed away” instead of died.
“Sanitation engineer” instead of
garbage man.
“Healthy” instead of fat.
20. HYPERBOLE
“I am so hungry I could eat a horse.”
“I have a million things to do.”
“If I can’t buy that new game, I will die.”
“I'll love you, dear, I'll love you till China
and Africa meet.”
21. IRONY
The use of words to convey the opposite
of their literal meaning.
A statement or situation where the
meaning is contradicted by the appearance
or presentation of the idea.
22. IRONY
Situational Irony – where actions or events have
opposite result from what is expected.
Verbal Irony – where someone says the
opposite of what they really mean or intend.
Dramatic Irony – occurs when the audience or
reader of a text knows something that the
characters do not.
23. IRONY
A pilot with a fear of heights.
Saying “oh great” after failing the
exam.
In horror movies, the audience aware
that there is a killer in the house, but
the character does not.
24. LITOTES
A figure of speech consisting of an
understatement in which an affirmative
is expressed by negating its opposite.
25. LITOTES
If a person is very intelligent, someone
might say, “he’s not dumb.” or “he’s not
unintelligent.”
After someone hires you, you might say,
“thank you ma’am, you won’t regret it.”
27. METAPHOR
Time is a thief.
He has a heart of stone.
His head was spinning with ideas.
John is a real pig when he eats.
You are my sunshine.
28. METONYMY
Which a word or phrase is substituted
for another with which it is closely
associated; also, the rhetorical strategy
of describing something indirectly by
referring to things around it.
29. METONYMY
“Pen is mightier than the sword.”
Let me give you a hand.
“Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend
me your ears.”
30. ONOMATOPEIA
The formation or use of words that
imitate the sounds associated with the
objects or actions they refer to.
31. ONOMATOPEIA
"Plop, plop, fizz, fizz, oh what a relief it
is.”
The firecracker made a loud ka-boom!
Both bees and buzzers buzz.
The bird’s chirp filled the empty night
air.
32. OXYMORON
A figure of speech in which
incongruous or contradictory
terms appear side by side.
33. OXYMORON
“A yawn may be defined as a silent yell.”
“O miserable abundance, O beggarly
riches!”
“That building is a little bit big and pretty
ugly.”
“Cruel kindness”
“Living death”
35. PARADOX
"War is peace."
"Freedom is slavery."
"Ignorance is strength.“
You can save money by
spending it.
A rich man is no richer than a
poor man.
36. PERSONIFICATION
A figure of speech in which an
inanimate object or abstraction is
endowed with human qualities or
abilities.
37. PERSONIFICATION
The stars danced playfully in the
moonlit sky.
The run down house appeared
depressed.
The first rays of morning tiptoed
through the meadow.
She did not realize that opportunity
was knocking at her door.
38. PUN
A play on words, sometimes on different
senses of the same word and
sometimes on the similar sense or
sound of different words.
39. PUN
“When it rains, it pours.”
A horse is a very stable animal.
Time flies like an arrow. Fruit flies like a
banana.
The two pianists had a good marriage.
They were always in a chord.
40. SIMILE
A stated comparison (usually formed with
"like" or "as") between two fundamentally
dissimilar things that have certain
qualities in common.
41. SIMILE
My love is like a red, red rose.
You were as brave as a lion.
They fought like cats and dogs.
He is as funny as a barrel of monkeys.
He is skinny like a toothpick.
42. SYNECDOCHE
A figure of speech is which a part is
used to represent the whole, the whole
for a part, the specific for the general,
the general for the specific, or the
material for the thing made from it.
44. UNDERSTATEMENT
A figure of speech in which a writer or a
speaker deliberately makes a situation
seem less important or serious than it
is.
45. UNDERSTATEMENT
“I have to have this operation… It
isn't very serious. I have this tiny
little tumor on the brain.”
“I know a little about running a
company.” –comment by a
businessman.
46. LOVE IS A DREAM
Love is a dream
Its gone as we wake up
Leaving some moments
To be cherished
Love is like a wind
It embraces us with passion
leaving the scent of fresh flowers
tingling our mind
Love is like a water bubble
Beautiful to see from far
47. Even rainbows are visible
But a tender touch will break it
Leaving a refreshing sprinkle
Love resembles a shadow
We try to escape but it follow
At times it makes us hollow
It disappears with the sun
And leave us in the Nights
To Haunt all over again
LOVE IS A DREAM