IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This document describes a project report submitted by three students for their bachelor's degree. The report outlines the development of a smart shopping cart system that utilizes RFID and Zigbee technologies. The smart cart is intended to enhance the shopping experience for customers by automatically billing items as they are added to the cart, providing real-time stock levels, and reducing checkout times. The system aims to benefit both customers through a more personalized shopping experience and retailers by improving stock management and reducing shoplifting. The document includes sections on requirements, system design, implementation, results and discussion, and conclusions.
Zigbee based trolley cart access system using rfidSam Joey
This document describes a Zigbee-based trolley cart access system using RFID for shopping. The system aims to improve shopping speed using RFID technology. It allows registered users to shop and pay using an RFID card without stopping at the counter. Non-registered users pay cash at the counter. The system uses an AT89S52 microcontroller, RFID reader, motor, relay, LCD, RFID tags, buzzer, and power supply. It transmits data via Zigbee and generates automatic bills when customers pass through the RFID antenna area. The system reduces scanning time, allows personalization, and maintains purchase histories for offers and discounts.
This document describes a student project to develop a smart shopping cart that improves the shopping experience. The cart will scan RFID tags on products to show prices and a running total on a display. When the user is ready to check out, their total bill will already be calculated. The system will use an Arduino microcontroller, RFID reader, WiFi module, and display. It will connect to a backend server using a wireless network. The project aims to be completed by May 20th according to the provided timeline and budget.
RFID based smart shopping cart and billing systemlaharipothula
To make the shopping easy by automated billing at the shopping mall/ super maeket. This module mainly cocnsists of Arduino, RFID tags & reader and zigbee module.
Smart shopping trolley using rfid and remote controllingPranav Veerani
This document describes a smart shopping trolley project that uses RFID technology to automatically scan items placed in the trolley and display the running bill total. The trolley can also be remotely controlled to help elderly or disabled shoppers. Main components include an RFID reader/writer, microcontroller, LCD display, motor driver and remote control module. The system is intended to reduce checkout times and provide assistance to users. Future enhancements could include an interactive display showing item locations and a remote control system using computer vision.
RFID Based Smart Trolley for Supermarket AutomationIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed RFID-based smart trolley system for supermarket automation. The system would attach RFID tags to all supermarket items and integrate an RFID reader and display into shopping trolleys. As customers add items to their trolley, the RFID reader would detect the items' tags and display the item details and running total on the trolley's display. Customer purchases and billing totals would be wirelessly transmitted to the supermarket's backend systems using Zigbee technology. The proposed system aims to streamline the shopping experience for customers by automating item detection and display of purchase information in real-time as items are added to the trolley.
Automation of shopping cart to ease queue in malls by using RFIDSudher Sun
RFID technology is proposed to automate the shopping cart and billing process in malls. The current barcode system requires line of sight scanning and is slow. The proposed system uses RFID tags embedded in products that can be automatically read by an RFID reader in the cart from a distance. As shoppers add items to their cart, the tags are read and the items and running total are displayed. This allows for a more efficient checkout where the total is already known without additional scanning. The system architecture uses an RFID reader, microcontroller, Zigbee for wireless communication, and an LCD for display. Benefits include simplified billing, increased speed, and an improved overall shopping experience.
RFID Shopping system uses RFID tags to identify products while providing automated shopping experience. The shopping system also provides integrated data mining techniques to facilitate management with real time data with product sales and inventory tracking. The system consists of smart cart system which is attached to the customer cart. The smart cart system also includes intercom module, which facilitates the customer to talk directly to customer service without having to search for one. All the data processing is provided by the central server system which handles all the carts in the system.
This document describes a project report submitted by three students for their bachelor's degree. The report outlines the development of a smart shopping cart system that utilizes RFID and Zigbee technologies. The smart cart is intended to enhance the shopping experience for customers by automatically billing items as they are added to the cart, providing real-time stock levels, and reducing checkout times. The system aims to benefit both customers through a more personalized shopping experience and retailers by improving stock management and reducing shoplifting. The document includes sections on requirements, system design, implementation, results and discussion, and conclusions.
Zigbee based trolley cart access system using rfidSam Joey
This document describes a Zigbee-based trolley cart access system using RFID for shopping. The system aims to improve shopping speed using RFID technology. It allows registered users to shop and pay using an RFID card without stopping at the counter. Non-registered users pay cash at the counter. The system uses an AT89S52 microcontroller, RFID reader, motor, relay, LCD, RFID tags, buzzer, and power supply. It transmits data via Zigbee and generates automatic bills when customers pass through the RFID antenna area. The system reduces scanning time, allows personalization, and maintains purchase histories for offers and discounts.
This document describes a student project to develop a smart shopping cart that improves the shopping experience. The cart will scan RFID tags on products to show prices and a running total on a display. When the user is ready to check out, their total bill will already be calculated. The system will use an Arduino microcontroller, RFID reader, WiFi module, and display. It will connect to a backend server using a wireless network. The project aims to be completed by May 20th according to the provided timeline and budget.
RFID based smart shopping cart and billing systemlaharipothula
To make the shopping easy by automated billing at the shopping mall/ super maeket. This module mainly cocnsists of Arduino, RFID tags & reader and zigbee module.
Smart shopping trolley using rfid and remote controllingPranav Veerani
This document describes a smart shopping trolley project that uses RFID technology to automatically scan items placed in the trolley and display the running bill total. The trolley can also be remotely controlled to help elderly or disabled shoppers. Main components include an RFID reader/writer, microcontroller, LCD display, motor driver and remote control module. The system is intended to reduce checkout times and provide assistance to users. Future enhancements could include an interactive display showing item locations and a remote control system using computer vision.
RFID Based Smart Trolley for Supermarket AutomationIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed RFID-based smart trolley system for supermarket automation. The system would attach RFID tags to all supermarket items and integrate an RFID reader and display into shopping trolleys. As customers add items to their trolley, the RFID reader would detect the items' tags and display the item details and running total on the trolley's display. Customer purchases and billing totals would be wirelessly transmitted to the supermarket's backend systems using Zigbee technology. The proposed system aims to streamline the shopping experience for customers by automating item detection and display of purchase information in real-time as items are added to the trolley.
Automation of shopping cart to ease queue in malls by using RFIDSudher Sun
RFID technology is proposed to automate the shopping cart and billing process in malls. The current barcode system requires line of sight scanning and is slow. The proposed system uses RFID tags embedded in products that can be automatically read by an RFID reader in the cart from a distance. As shoppers add items to their cart, the tags are read and the items and running total are displayed. This allows for a more efficient checkout where the total is already known without additional scanning. The system architecture uses an RFID reader, microcontroller, Zigbee for wireless communication, and an LCD for display. Benefits include simplified billing, increased speed, and an improved overall shopping experience.
RFID Shopping system uses RFID tags to identify products while providing automated shopping experience. The shopping system also provides integrated data mining techniques to facilitate management with real time data with product sales and inventory tracking. The system consists of smart cart system which is attached to the customer cart. The smart cart system also includes intercom module, which facilitates the customer to talk directly to customer service without having to search for one. All the data processing is provided by the central server system which handles all the carts in the system.
This document proposes a smart shopping system using RFID technology that can automatically generate bills. Key features include:
1) RFID antennas will detect items in a shopping basket and automatically generate a bill using RFID tags on each product.
2) The system supports both registered users with smart cards for payment from preloaded balances as well as non-registered users who must pay at checkout.
3) Product details like codes, names, prices are stored in a database and the system has features for modifying, deleting, and generating automatic bills from detected inventory.
Smart shopping trolley using rfid and remote control Poster Pranav Veerani
This document describes a smart shopping trolley project that uses RFID technology to automatically generate bills. The trolley is equipped with an RFID reader that scans tags on items placed in the cart and displays the total on an LCD screen. This reduces checkout time compared to barcode scanning. The cart also has remote control of its movement using DC motors. In conclusion, the automatic billing and remote control features will provide customer benefits and make the smart trolley commercially successful.
Intelligent Billing Using Electronic Trolley for Mega Malls PaperRUTURAJ SHETE
This document proposes an intelligent billing system for shopping malls using RFID tags and a Zigbee wireless network. The system uses RFID tags on products that are scanned by an RFID reader when items are added to a shopping trolley. The product information is displayed on an LCD screen on the trolley. When checkout occurs, a Zigbee transmitter sends the billing information wirelessly to a receiving computer at the checkout counter. This allows for quicker billing by automatically tracking items placed in the trolley compared to traditional barcode scanning methods.
IRJET- Cashless Automatic Rationing System by using GSM and RFID TechnologyIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed automatic ration distribution system using RFID and GSM technologies. The system aims to address inaccuracies and unauthorized sales associated with traditional ration card systems. It would use RFID tags instead of ration cards, and an automated mechanism controlled by a microcontroller to dispense and track ration quantities. The microcontroller would verify customers, calculate amounts, operate dispensing devices, and send purchase notifications via GSM. This cashless, contactless system intends to accurately and securely distribute ration materials without human intervention.
Smart shopping trolley using rfid Leaflet Pranav Veerani
The document describes a "Smart Shopping Trolley" project created by two students. The project aims to reduce wait times at checkout counters using RFID technology. An RFID reader mounted on the shopping cart can scan multiple items placed inside at once and display the running total on an LCD screen, eliminating the need to scan items individually at checkout. The remotely controlled cart also helps elderly, handicapped, and other customers by moving easily without pushing. Key components include an Arduino Uno, RFID reader, RF module, motor driver, and LCD display.
This document presents a project proposal for a Smart Shopping System using RFID technology. The system aims to develop an automated billing process for supermarkets to expedite checkout. It proposes using RFID tags on products and a reader on a shopping cart. As products are added to the cart, their information is automatically detected and the running bill is updated. When checkout is ready, the final bill can be sent to the billing computer. This would eliminate long lines and reduce staff needs compared to traditional barcoded billing. The system architecture and methodology are presented, including hardware requirements like RFID tags and a reader, and software like a database and programming languages. Screenshots of prototype screens are also included. The conclusion states this system could benefit both
The system uses smart card technology to identify the authorized personnel and then process all the passport details pertaining to him/her, for necessary verification by authorities concerned.
For more details: http://www.edgefxkits.com/
Nowadays purchasing and shopping at big malls is becoming a daily activity in metro cities. There will be huge rush at malls on holidays and weekends. The rush is even more when there are special offers and discount. People purchase different items and put them in trolley. After total purchase one needs to go to billing counter for payments. At the billing counter the cashier prepare the bill using bar code reader which is a time consuming process and results in long queues at billing counters. Our aim is to develop a system that can be used in shopping malls to solve the above mentioned challenge. The system will be placed in all the trolleys. It consists RFID reader, Zigbee, display. All the products in the mall will be equipped with RFID tags. When a person places any product in the trolley, the respective tag of the product is detected and the price of that product is stored in the memory. Item name and its cost will be displayed on LCD. As a person places more products, the cost of the products is added to the total bill. Thus the billing is done in the trolley itself. At the billing Counter the total bill data will be transferred to PC by wireless RF modules.
Intelligence Billing System Using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Z...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Smart Shopping trolley, complete detail about smart shopping trolley system,
Basically this is based on RFID technology,
Components
Arduino nano
RFID reader EM 18
RFID Tags
Push button
Red and Green LED
BreadBoard
Jumper wires
Buzzer
16x2 LCD
I2C Module.
Rfid based access control system using microcontrollerrajkanakaraj007
RFID Security Access Control System using 8051 Microcontroller is an RFID Technology based security system.
Using this system, authorization of personnel is carried out with an RFID card and only those with access can enter a secured area.
The security of any organisation is a priority for the authorities. The security concern is for the physical property and also for the intellectual property.
For this reason automatic identification and access control system has become necessary to overcome the security threats faced by many organisations.
This project deals with an interesting manner of security access control with the help of RFID Technology, where only people with valid cards are allowed to access the door or any secure area.
IRJET - IoT Applications on Secure Smart SystemIRJET Journal
This document proposes a smart shopping system using Internet of Things (IoT) and RFID technology. Key aspects of the system include:
1) Products are tagged with RFID labels and smart carts have RFID readers to automatically detect items placed in the cart and calculate billing amounts.
2) Smart shelves monitor inventory levels and send updates to a central server.
3) The system aims to improve security over previous systems by using ultra-high frequency RFID tags, weight sensors, and elliptic curve cryptography between devices.
4) Communication between smart carts and the server uses Zigbee to keep power and costs low for the IoT application. Inventory management and billing are handled automatically with this
This paper represents the RFID and GSM technology. The main objective of the system is to uniquely identify and to make security for a person. This requires a unique product,which has the capability of distinguishing different person. This is possible by the new emerging technology RFID (Radio Frequency Identification). The main parts of an RFID system ar e RFID tag (with unique ID number) and RFID reader (for reading the RFID tag). In this system,RFID ta g and RFID reader used are operating at 125 KHz. The microcontroller internal memory is used for storing the details.
IRJET- Smart Trolley System for Automated Billing using RFID and IoTIRJET Journal
This document describes a smart shopping system that uses RFID tags, IoT, and smart carts for automated billing. Products are tagged with inexpensive RFID tags containing identifying information. When a product is placed in a smart cart equipped with an RFID reader, the product details are automatically read and displayed. This allows billing to occur from the cart, avoiding long checkout lines. Expiry dates and weight are also checked to prevent billing for damaged goods. RFID readers on shelves monitor inventory levels. The system aims to streamline shopping, billing, and inventory management. A prototype smart cart design is presented, featuring an RFID reader, microcontroller, touchscreen, weight sensor, and GSM module for communication.
RFID is a technology that uses radio waves to automatically identify objects. RFID tags attached to objects are scanned by an RFID reader to transmit data wirelessly. A basic RFID system consists of an antenna that emits radio signals, a transceiver that controls data acquisition and communication, and a transponder tag that contains identifying information transmitted to the reader. The document discusses applications of RFID technology including tracking objects and automating processes like access control and parking systems.
IRJET- RFID based Authentication and Access of VehiclesIRJET Journal
This document describes a project that developed an RFID-based system for vehicle authentication and access. The system uses RFID tags attached to vehicles and an RFID reader to automatically identify and track tagged vehicles. When a vehicle's RFID tag comes within range of the reader, the reader reads the tag's digital information and sends it to a monitoring unit for verification and authentication before granting the vehicle access. The system aims to automate vehicle tracking and access control through the use of radio frequency identification technology.
This project proposes using an RFID system for security access control. The system uses passive RFID tags and a reader to identify authorized persons and grant them access. It is meant to control access to bank lockers and accounts, allowing entry only to those with a valid ID code stored on their RFID tag. The reader reads the tag ID code, compares it to codes stored in the system, and will open the door if it matches or trigger an alarm if it does not match. For bank account access, the system also requires a PIN to be entered using a keypad. This non-contact RFID system provides an effective security solution.
Arduino RFID Module (RC522) & Buzzer Access SystemMahmudul Hasan
I just received my RC522 RFID reader and made this simple Arduino access control system that uses the reader, a buzzer for the alarm and a relay shield for the security system. The relay can be used to open a door lock and if you need a louder alarm then you can replace the small buzzer with a high power siren.
This document describes the design and simulation of a parallel-coupled microstrip bandpass filter using space mapping techniques. The filter structure consists of a conductor on top of a dielectric substrate backed by a ground plane. An electromagnetic simulator is used to simulate the fine model, while a fast approximate model is used for optimization. Space mapping establishes a relationship between the two models to optimize the design while maintaining accuracy. The proposed 9-10 GHz bandpass filter was designed and simulated using ADS, demonstrating good compactness and low insertion loss.
This document summarizes a study investigating the design and characteristics of directional coupler-based optical filters using coupled mode theory. The study examines a directional coupler consisting of two non-identical slab waveguides and analyzes power transfer between the waveguides. It is found that complete power exchange can occur when the waveguide modes are phase matched. The effects of structure parameters on filter response, crosstalk and bandwidth are also analyzed. A novel cascaded coupler structure is introduced to overcome limitations in conventional designs such as decreased coupling efficiency from non-identical waveguides.
This document proposes a smart shopping system using RFID technology that can automatically generate bills. Key features include:
1) RFID antennas will detect items in a shopping basket and automatically generate a bill using RFID tags on each product.
2) The system supports both registered users with smart cards for payment from preloaded balances as well as non-registered users who must pay at checkout.
3) Product details like codes, names, prices are stored in a database and the system has features for modifying, deleting, and generating automatic bills from detected inventory.
Smart shopping trolley using rfid and remote control Poster Pranav Veerani
This document describes a smart shopping trolley project that uses RFID technology to automatically generate bills. The trolley is equipped with an RFID reader that scans tags on items placed in the cart and displays the total on an LCD screen. This reduces checkout time compared to barcode scanning. The cart also has remote control of its movement using DC motors. In conclusion, the automatic billing and remote control features will provide customer benefits and make the smart trolley commercially successful.
Intelligent Billing Using Electronic Trolley for Mega Malls PaperRUTURAJ SHETE
This document proposes an intelligent billing system for shopping malls using RFID tags and a Zigbee wireless network. The system uses RFID tags on products that are scanned by an RFID reader when items are added to a shopping trolley. The product information is displayed on an LCD screen on the trolley. When checkout occurs, a Zigbee transmitter sends the billing information wirelessly to a receiving computer at the checkout counter. This allows for quicker billing by automatically tracking items placed in the trolley compared to traditional barcode scanning methods.
IRJET- Cashless Automatic Rationing System by using GSM and RFID TechnologyIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed automatic ration distribution system using RFID and GSM technologies. The system aims to address inaccuracies and unauthorized sales associated with traditional ration card systems. It would use RFID tags instead of ration cards, and an automated mechanism controlled by a microcontroller to dispense and track ration quantities. The microcontroller would verify customers, calculate amounts, operate dispensing devices, and send purchase notifications via GSM. This cashless, contactless system intends to accurately and securely distribute ration materials without human intervention.
Smart shopping trolley using rfid Leaflet Pranav Veerani
The document describes a "Smart Shopping Trolley" project created by two students. The project aims to reduce wait times at checkout counters using RFID technology. An RFID reader mounted on the shopping cart can scan multiple items placed inside at once and display the running total on an LCD screen, eliminating the need to scan items individually at checkout. The remotely controlled cart also helps elderly, handicapped, and other customers by moving easily without pushing. Key components include an Arduino Uno, RFID reader, RF module, motor driver, and LCD display.
This document presents a project proposal for a Smart Shopping System using RFID technology. The system aims to develop an automated billing process for supermarkets to expedite checkout. It proposes using RFID tags on products and a reader on a shopping cart. As products are added to the cart, their information is automatically detected and the running bill is updated. When checkout is ready, the final bill can be sent to the billing computer. This would eliminate long lines and reduce staff needs compared to traditional barcoded billing. The system architecture and methodology are presented, including hardware requirements like RFID tags and a reader, and software like a database and programming languages. Screenshots of prototype screens are also included. The conclusion states this system could benefit both
The system uses smart card technology to identify the authorized personnel and then process all the passport details pertaining to him/her, for necessary verification by authorities concerned.
For more details: http://www.edgefxkits.com/
Nowadays purchasing and shopping at big malls is becoming a daily activity in metro cities. There will be huge rush at malls on holidays and weekends. The rush is even more when there are special offers and discount. People purchase different items and put them in trolley. After total purchase one needs to go to billing counter for payments. At the billing counter the cashier prepare the bill using bar code reader which is a time consuming process and results in long queues at billing counters. Our aim is to develop a system that can be used in shopping malls to solve the above mentioned challenge. The system will be placed in all the trolleys. It consists RFID reader, Zigbee, display. All the products in the mall will be equipped with RFID tags. When a person places any product in the trolley, the respective tag of the product is detected and the price of that product is stored in the memory. Item name and its cost will be displayed on LCD. As a person places more products, the cost of the products is added to the total bill. Thus the billing is done in the trolley itself. At the billing Counter the total bill data will be transferred to PC by wireless RF modules.
Intelligence Billing System Using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Z...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Smart Shopping trolley, complete detail about smart shopping trolley system,
Basically this is based on RFID technology,
Components
Arduino nano
RFID reader EM 18
RFID Tags
Push button
Red and Green LED
BreadBoard
Jumper wires
Buzzer
16x2 LCD
I2C Module.
Rfid based access control system using microcontrollerrajkanakaraj007
RFID Security Access Control System using 8051 Microcontroller is an RFID Technology based security system.
Using this system, authorization of personnel is carried out with an RFID card and only those with access can enter a secured area.
The security of any organisation is a priority for the authorities. The security concern is for the physical property and also for the intellectual property.
For this reason automatic identification and access control system has become necessary to overcome the security threats faced by many organisations.
This project deals with an interesting manner of security access control with the help of RFID Technology, where only people with valid cards are allowed to access the door or any secure area.
IRJET - IoT Applications on Secure Smart SystemIRJET Journal
This document proposes a smart shopping system using Internet of Things (IoT) and RFID technology. Key aspects of the system include:
1) Products are tagged with RFID labels and smart carts have RFID readers to automatically detect items placed in the cart and calculate billing amounts.
2) Smart shelves monitor inventory levels and send updates to a central server.
3) The system aims to improve security over previous systems by using ultra-high frequency RFID tags, weight sensors, and elliptic curve cryptography between devices.
4) Communication between smart carts and the server uses Zigbee to keep power and costs low for the IoT application. Inventory management and billing are handled automatically with this
This paper represents the RFID and GSM technology. The main objective of the system is to uniquely identify and to make security for a person. This requires a unique product,which has the capability of distinguishing different person. This is possible by the new emerging technology RFID (Radio Frequency Identification). The main parts of an RFID system ar e RFID tag (with unique ID number) and RFID reader (for reading the RFID tag). In this system,RFID ta g and RFID reader used are operating at 125 KHz. The microcontroller internal memory is used for storing the details.
IRJET- Smart Trolley System for Automated Billing using RFID and IoTIRJET Journal
This document describes a smart shopping system that uses RFID tags, IoT, and smart carts for automated billing. Products are tagged with inexpensive RFID tags containing identifying information. When a product is placed in a smart cart equipped with an RFID reader, the product details are automatically read and displayed. This allows billing to occur from the cart, avoiding long checkout lines. Expiry dates and weight are also checked to prevent billing for damaged goods. RFID readers on shelves monitor inventory levels. The system aims to streamline shopping, billing, and inventory management. A prototype smart cart design is presented, featuring an RFID reader, microcontroller, touchscreen, weight sensor, and GSM module for communication.
RFID is a technology that uses radio waves to automatically identify objects. RFID tags attached to objects are scanned by an RFID reader to transmit data wirelessly. A basic RFID system consists of an antenna that emits radio signals, a transceiver that controls data acquisition and communication, and a transponder tag that contains identifying information transmitted to the reader. The document discusses applications of RFID technology including tracking objects and automating processes like access control and parking systems.
IRJET- RFID based Authentication and Access of VehiclesIRJET Journal
This document describes a project that developed an RFID-based system for vehicle authentication and access. The system uses RFID tags attached to vehicles and an RFID reader to automatically identify and track tagged vehicles. When a vehicle's RFID tag comes within range of the reader, the reader reads the tag's digital information and sends it to a monitoring unit for verification and authentication before granting the vehicle access. The system aims to automate vehicle tracking and access control through the use of radio frequency identification technology.
This project proposes using an RFID system for security access control. The system uses passive RFID tags and a reader to identify authorized persons and grant them access. It is meant to control access to bank lockers and accounts, allowing entry only to those with a valid ID code stored on their RFID tag. The reader reads the tag ID code, compares it to codes stored in the system, and will open the door if it matches or trigger an alarm if it does not match. For bank account access, the system also requires a PIN to be entered using a keypad. This non-contact RFID system provides an effective security solution.
Arduino RFID Module (RC522) & Buzzer Access SystemMahmudul Hasan
I just received my RC522 RFID reader and made this simple Arduino access control system that uses the reader, a buzzer for the alarm and a relay shield for the security system. The relay can be used to open a door lock and if you need a louder alarm then you can replace the small buzzer with a high power siren.
This document describes the design and simulation of a parallel-coupled microstrip bandpass filter using space mapping techniques. The filter structure consists of a conductor on top of a dielectric substrate backed by a ground plane. An electromagnetic simulator is used to simulate the fine model, while a fast approximate model is used for optimization. Space mapping establishes a relationship between the two models to optimize the design while maintaining accuracy. The proposed 9-10 GHz bandpass filter was designed and simulated using ADS, demonstrating good compactness and low insertion loss.
This document summarizes a study investigating the design and characteristics of directional coupler-based optical filters using coupled mode theory. The study examines a directional coupler consisting of two non-identical slab waveguides and analyzes power transfer between the waveguides. It is found that complete power exchange can occur when the waveguide modes are phase matched. The effects of structure parameters on filter response, crosstalk and bandwidth are also analyzed. A novel cascaded coupler structure is introduced to overcome limitations in conventional designs such as decreased coupling efficiency from non-identical waveguides.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This document analyzes the design of a portable video transceiver system. It begins by outlining typical applications of portable video transmission like live news reporting from remote areas. It then presents the key parameters in the design of such a system, including transmitted power, path loss, foliage loss, rain attenuation, and noise power. The document develops mathematical models and formulas for each parameter. It describes field experiments conducted to measure actual path loss. Finally, it presents a block diagram of a simulation model that can optimize the design parameters to meet user requirements like communication range and video quality.
This document summarizes hyperspectral image classification. It begins by introducing hyperspectral imagery, noting that these images contain narrow spectral bands over a continuous spectral range, capturing characteristics of electromagnetic radiation. The document then discusses supervised and unsupervised classification techniques. Supervised classification involves identifying training samples to develop statistical characterizations of information classes. Unsupervised classification partitions images into homogeneous spectral clusters. The document focuses on supervised classification and discusses support vector machines, a commonly used algorithm that maps data into a higher dimensional space to perform linear classification.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This document discusses field capacity and permanent wilting point of clay soils in Niger River loop in Mali. It compares measured field capacity values to those calculated using three formulas. A new formula is developed relating field capacity to local soil properties like clay content and cation exchange capacity. Statistical tests show the formulas provide different field capacity values than measurements. Field capacity is found to correlate with clay content and cation exchange capacity in these soils.
This document discusses three-factor authentication schemes for automated teller machines (ATMs) and banking operations using universal subscriber identification modules (USIM). It proposes a systematic approach for authenticating clients using three factors: password, smart card, and biometrics. The system would involve clients registering with a server using an initial password and biometrics to receive a smart card. Clients could then log in using their password, smart card, and biometrics. The document outlines several authentication protocols for registration, login, password changing, and biometrics changing. It also discusses technologies involved like smart cards, principal component analysis for face recognition, and security aspects.
El documento habla sobre evitar el desfalco al erario público y la socialización de deudas privadas a través de medidas como la sucretización y ampliación de plazos de deuda. También menciona el costoso salvataje bancario de 1998-1999 que mostró la fragilidad del sistema bancario y sus intereses intrincados con los medios de comunicación. Finalmente, propone cortar las relaciones incestuosas entre la banca, el poder y los medios, y prohibir que la banca posea empresas no financieras para evitar conflictos de intereses
La soberanía y la independencia tecnológica se refieren a la capacidad de un país de tomar sus propias decisiones tecnológicas y desarrollar su propia tecnología. El documento discute la importancia de la soberanía tecnológica más allá de consideraciones sobre software libre y propietario, y la necesidad de reflexionar críticamente sobre el propósito y el impacto social de la tecnología.
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IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A remote monitoring system for a three phase 10-kva switchable distribution t...
Ff25965968
1. K.Venkata Ramana, U.Phaneendra Kumar Chaturvedula / International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.965-968
Wireless Power Meter Using Data Acquisition
K.Venkata Ramana #1 U.Phaneendra Kumar Chaturvedula*2
#
M.Tech, Embedded Systems, Nova College of engineering and technology.
*
M.Tech, Embedded Systems, Nova College of engineering and technology.
Abstract:
Our aim of the project is to provide a technology or GSM technology. Among these two
wireless meter reading device for implementing communications, the one used in our project is wired
the data acquisition or for observing the power communication which suits best for long distance
theft occurring in the present power distribution communication.
system. The project also can be used as the
monitoring section of the power parameters in II SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
case of fault occurrences in parameters like The block diagram consists of Load, current
voltage, current and frequency. The transmitter transformer, voltage transformer, 89C52
section contains a VT and CT for measuring load microcontroller, ADC 0809, and a differential relay.
voltage, current and frequency. The parameters The household load to be supplied is connected in
are converted into digital data using ADC 0809 series to the AC supply mains through a switch which
and then forwarded to the micro controller. The is operated by the action of a relay. Current
micro controller transmits the data using 433MHz transformer is used to measure the current required
zigbee transmitter and the data is received using for the user and the voltage transformer is used to
433MHz receiver and then provided to amplifier measure the voltage of operation for the user. The
for current amplification and the provided to measured values are given to the ADC to convert the
micro controller for displaying and comparison of analog values to the digital values. These values are
values for permissible limits. stored in microcontroller registers and the
information is transmitted to the pc when ever there is
Keywords: Data Acquisition, 433mhz, Zigbee a request for the data from the remote controlling
Transmitter, micro controller, MAX23C station. Oscillator is provided for the ADC and
microcontroller for the clock signal and the reference
I INTRODUCTION voltage is given for the each of the IC used.
With the electric industry undergoing
change, increased attention is being focused on power
supply reliability and power quality. Power providers
and users alike are concerned about reliable power,
whether the focus is on interruptions and disturbances
or extended outages. One of the most critical elements
in ensuring reliability is monitoring power system
performance. Monitoring can provide information
about power flow and demand and help identify the
cause of power system disturbances. It can even help
identify problem conditions on a power system before
they cause interruptions or disturbances.
The implementation of this project is to
monitor the power consumed by a model organization
such a household consumers from a centrally located
point. Monitoring the power means calculating the
power consumed exactly by the user at a given time.
The power consumed by the user is measured and
communicated to the controlling substation whenever
needed by the person at the substation. The
communication can be of two types
1. Wired communication like using the existing
transmission lines and sending the data by modulating
with high frequency carrier signal or using the existing
telephone lines.
2. Wireless communication based on the available
Fig 1:Transmitter block diagram
technologies like IR communication, Bluetooth
965 | P a g e
2. K.Venkata Ramana, U.Phaneendra Kumar Chaturvedula / International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.965-968
This supplier side is the basic for the operation of the Application Programmable (IAP), allowing the Flash
project; the entire consumer side is controlled in program memory to be reconfigured even while the
accordance with the program written on this supplier application is running.
side. The supplier side (substation) is located
remotely at some distance away from the user and the
signal is sent to the consumer side for data or to
control the supply of power to the user. The request
for information and the power data is received from
the user side via RS232. Microcontroller is interfaced
to the personal computer serial port through
MAX23C to drive between RS232 and TTL levels.
Fig 3 AT89C52 MICRO CONTROLLER
B. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
Power-On reset code execution
Following reset, the AT89C52 will either
enter the Soft ICE mode (if previously enabled via
ISP command) or attempt to auto baud to the ISP
boot loader. If this auto baud is not successful within
about 400 ms, the device will begin execution of the
Fig 2 :Receiver block diagram user code.
A. Micro Controller (AT89C52) C. IN-SYSTEM PROGRAMMING (ISP)
The AT89C52 is 80C51 microcontrollers In-System Programming is performed
with 128kB Flash and 1024 bytes of data RAM.A key without removing the microcontroller from the
feature of the AT89C52 is its X2 mode option. The system. The In-System Programming facility consists
design engineer can choose to run the application of a series of internal hardware resources coupled
with the conventional 80C51 clock rate (12 clocks per with internal firmware to facilitate remote
machine cycle) or select the X2 mode (6 clocks per programming of the AT89C52 through the serial port.
machine cycle) to achieve twice the throughput at the This firmware is provided by Atmel and embedded
same clock frequency. Another way to benefit from within each AT89C52 device. The Atmel In-System
this feature is to keep the same performance by Programming facility has made in-circuit
reducing the clock frequency by half, thus programming in an embedded application possible
dramatically reducing the EMI. with a minimum of additional expense in components
The Flash program memory supports both and circuit board area. The ISP function uses five
parallel programming and in serial In-System pins (VDD, VSS, TxD, RxD, and RST). Only a small
Programming (ISP). Parallel programming mode connector needs to be available to interface your
offers gang-programming at high speed, reducing application to an external circuit in order to use this
programming costs and time to market. ISP allows a feature.
device to be reprogrammed in the end product under Input/output (I/O) ports 32 of the pins are
software control. The capability to field/update the arranged as four 8-bit I/O ports P0–P3. Twenty-four
application firmware makes a wide range of of these pins are dual purpose with each capable of
applications possible. The AT89C52 is also In- operating as a control line or part of the data/address
966 | P a g e
3. K.Venkata Ramana, U.Phaneendra Kumar Chaturvedula / International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.965-968
bus in addition to the I/O functions. Details are as T1
VCC
1 5 1 2 1 3
follows: 6 1N4001
VIN VOUT
GND
Port 0: This is a dual-purpose port AC230V
4 8 1 2
+ C1 + C2
2200uF/25V
7805 470uF/16V
occupying pins 32 to 39 of the device. The port is an TRANSFORMER 1N4001
2
open-drain bidirectional I/O port with Schmitt trigger
inputs. Pins that have 1s written to them float and can 103 SIP
be used as high-impedance inputs. The port may be
used with external memory to provide a multiplexed VCC+5v
1
VCC
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
address and data bus. In this application internal pull-
8.2K
ups are used when emitting 1s. The port also outputs 1 2 1
2 P1.0 VCC
40
P1.1
the code bytes during EPROM programming. illegal connection switch 3
4 P1.2
P1.3
P0.1/AD1
P0.0/AD0
39
38
14A
13A
VCC 5 37 12A 8.2K
External pull-ups are necessary during program 6
7
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P0.2/AD2
P0.3/AD3
P0.4/AD4
36
35
11A
10A
verification. 10/16
+ 8
P1.7 P0.5/AD5
34
33
9A
8A
LCD
9 P0.6/AD6 32 7A
ANTENNA
RST P0.7/AD7
Port 1: This is a dedicated I/O port 433MHz Rxd
10
11 P3.0/RXD
P3.1/TXD
31
EA/VPP 30
6A
5A
VCC 12 4A
1
data
occupying pins 1 to 8 of the device. The pins are
Gnd
P3.2/INT0 ALE/PROG 29
Vcc
Ant
8.2K 13 3A
14 P3.3/INT1 PSEN 2A
15 P3.4/T0 28 1A
connected via internal pull-ups and Schmitt trigger 16 P3.5/T1 P2.7/A15 27
1
2
3
4
17 P3.6/WR P2.6/A14 26
P3.7/RD P2.5/A13 25
input. Pins that have 1s written to them are pulled 1
2 EN 3 P2.4/A12 24
P2.3/A11 23
high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as
XTAL1
XTAL2
4 P2.2/A10 22
5 6 20 P2.1/A9 21 VCC
GND P2.0/A8 12 V
inputs; as inputs, pins that are externally pulled low 10
18
19
9 8 AT89C51/FP
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
will source current via the internal pull-ups. The port 13
1
103 SIP +
12 11 Buz
also receives the low-order address byte during 74hc125 33pf 33pf
-
program memory verification. Pins P1.0 and P1.1 11.0592
Q?
could also function as external inputs for the third D?
4007
BC547
timer/counter i.e.:
(P1.0) T2 Timer/counter 2 external count Fig 4 Transmitter Schematic diagram
VCC
input/clockout 1
T1
5 1 2 1 3
VIN VOUT
(P1.1) T2EX Timer/counter 2 6 1N4001
GN D
AC230V + C1 + C2
reload/capture/direction control 4007
4 8 1 2
2200uF/25V
7805 470uF/16V
TRANSFORMER 1N4001
2
Port 2: This is a dual-purpose port 1 5 103 SIP
4007 103 VCC
occupying pins 21 to 28 of the device. The 6
10/60
+
specification is similar to that of port 1. The port may 4 8
4007
VCC+5v
1
CURRENT TRANSFORMER
be used to provide the high-order byte of the address 14A
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
LCD
13A
4007 U? 104pf U? 12A
11
12
bus for external program memory or external data
9
11A
26 17 1 40 10A
R EF +
OE
VC C
IN0 D0 P1.0 VCC
memory that uses 16-bit addresses. When accessing 4007 27
IN1 D1
14 2
P1.1
9A
2
1 5 28 15 3 39 8A LCD
103 1 IN2 D2 8 4 P1.2 P0.1/AD1 38 7A
IN3 D3 P1.3 P0.0/AD0
external data memory that uses 8-bit addresses, the 6 + 2 18 5 37 6A
X
10/60 3 IN4 D4 19 6 P1.4 P0.2/AD2 36 5A
4 8 4 IN5 D5 20 7 P1.5 P0.3/AD3 35 4A
port emits the contents of the P2 register. Some port 2 5 IN6 D6 21 8 P1.6 P0.4/AD4 34 3A
16
VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER IN7 D7 P1.7 P0.5/AD5 33 2A
7 9 P0.6/AD6 32 1A
pins receive the high-order address bits during EOC 10
11
RST
P3.0/RXD 31
P0.7/AD7
10 22 12 P3.1/TXD EA/VPP 30
EPROM programming. CLK ALE
START
6
25
13
14
P3.2/INT0 ALE/PROG 29
P3.3/INT1 PSEN
A0 P3.4/T0
Port 3: This is a dual-purpose port VCC
A1
A2
24
23
15
16 P3.5/T1
28
P2.7/A15 27
P3.6/WR P2.6/A14 26
17
occupying pins 10 to 17 of the device. The 16
13 REF-
GND
P3.7/RD P2.5/A13 25
P2.4/A12 24
P2.3/A11 23
R?
specification is similar to that of port 1. These pins, in
XT AL1
XT AL2
10K P2.2/A10 22
U? 20 P2.1/A9 21
ADC0809 GND P2.0/A8
addition to the I/O role, serve the special features of VCC
8
4
R? 7
18
19
AT89C52/FP
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
the 80C51 family B. 4.7K
6
LM555 3 C? +
1RN?
103 SIP
10/16
2 C? C?
C? 33pf Y? 33pf
104p 5 11.0592
III SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM 1 R?
8.2K
C?
104p 433MHz Txd ANTENNA
VCC 4
D at a
Gnd
Ant
Vc c
1
1
2
3
Fig 5 Receiver Schematic diagram
The above figure shows the circuit diagram for the
consumer side. A relay operated switch is connected
in series with the load. The switch is used to switch
on and off the power. By the relay is initially in on
state and whenever the voltage across its terminals
changes the relay senses the voltage and trips which
in turns closes the switch. The relay is connected to
the port of the microcontroller through a transistor
967 | P a g e
4. K.Venkata Ramana, U.Phaneendra Kumar Chaturvedula / International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.965-968
and zener diode to drive the relay. The current IV KIT DIAGRAM
transformer primary is connected to the load in series
to the mains and the secondary is connected across
the variable resistance to change the measured value
to the close actual value. The potential transformer
primary is connected in parallel to the load to
measure the applied voltage and the secondary is
connected to the variable resistance to adjust the
measured value to the close accurate value. The
outputs of this are given to the ADC analog input
pins. A 555 timer is connected in astable
multivibrator mode and is given as clock signal to the
ADC. The digital outputs are given as inputs to the
microcontroller port.
The control pins of the ADC are given from
the microcontroller port to select the input to be
received. The voltage and current measured are
received in accordance to the inputs given to the
status pins A, B, C by the controller. The ADC starts
the conversion at the end of the pulse Start and sends
data at the end of the pulse EOC these are also
connected to the port of the microcontroller. The
microcontroller is provided with a quartz crystal to
provide the clock signal, the clock frequency is
changed by the capacitors connected to the crystal the
operating frequency in this circuit is 11.0592MHz.
A series combination of the resistor and
capacitor is taken and the capacitor voltage is given
as the reset logic to the 9th pin of the microcontroller.
The 10th pin of the microcontroller is the RXD pin is
connected to the receiver data pin of RS232. The data
from the RXD is stored internally for further V CONCLUSION
processing. The 11th pin of the microcontroller is the The ability to remotely monitor
TXD pin is connected to the RS232 which transmits and/or control power at the rack level can provide a
the data from the microcontroller. The huge return on investment by providing savings in
microcontroller baud rate is set in accordance to the both man hours and downtime. Remote monitoring
frequency of the 555 timer to ensure consistency of capabilities eliminate the need for manual power
data. Thus data is transmitted from the audits as well as provide immediate alerts to potential
microcontroller at a preset frequency and the request problems. Remote control allows for quick response
for data is received by the microcontroller connected and recovery of stalled hardware either down the hall
to the port and the further processing is done as per or across the country. This ability can save not only
the code written to calculate the power by taking the travel costs but minimize costly downtime.
correction factors in to consideration.
The computer is programmed so as to send REFERENCES
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The work at TTL voltage levels and the computer Multiband Transceiver.2005
works at RS232C voltage levels. So to bridge this [2]
voltage variation MAX 232C is used which is driver http://batescomponents.com/catalog/parts/78
cum receiver. LE54-2 4.html
The driver is connected to the IR transmitter [3] Popa, M.Popa, A.S., Cretu, V., Micea, M.,
and the receiver is connected to the IR receiver. The “Monitoring Serial Communications in
data from data pin of IR receiver is given to the Microcontroller Based Embedded Systems
computer and displayed on the screen. IR transmitter Computer Engineering and Systems”, The
is connected to the computer and the program is 2006 International Conference on,Nov.
written to send the data via the serial port to the IR 2006 Page(s):56 - 61Computational
transmitter to send data at a given baud rate. The Intelligence in Scheduling (SCIS 07), IEEE
oscillator is connected to the transmitter to match the Press, Dec. 2007, pp. 57-64,
transmission with the baud rate. The oscillator used is doi:10.1109/SCIS.2007.357670.
555 timer using astable multivibrator.
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