Fever of Unknown Origin
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This document discusses fever of unknown origin (FUO), providing criteria for FUO, potential etiologies including infections, malignancies, and miscellaneous causes. It describes the characteristic history, physical exam findings, and key nonspecific test abnormalities that form the basis for a focused workup of FUO. Specific patient populations like those with HIV, solid organ transplants, or who have traveled are also discussed. The document concludes with considerations for therapy in FUO cases until a definite diagnosis can be made.
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Fever of unknown origin
Fever of unknown origin (FUO) is defined as a fever lasting 3 weeks or longer without an identifiable cause after 1 week of investigation in hospital. The document outlines the classic, nosocomial, and neutropenic definitions of FUO and discusses potential causes including infections, autoimmune diseases, malignancies, and miscellaneous conditions. It describes the diagnostic approach involving evaluating the onset and characteristics of fever, associated symptoms, and medical history and performing tests including blood cultures, serologies, imaging and biopsies. Treatment may involve empirical antibiotic/antimicrobial therapy, anti-tubercular treatment, NSAIDs, steroids, or watchful waiting depending on whether a diagnosis is made.
Pyrexia of unknown origin edited
This document discusses pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO), defined as a fever above 38°C for more than 3 weeks without diagnosis. Common causes include infections (30%), malignancy (20%), and connective tissue disorders (15%). The document outlines an approach to evaluating PUO that involves obtaining a thorough history, conducting a physical exam focusing on potentially diagnostic clues, and performing initial obligatory tests before considering additional guided diagnostic tests if needed. Treatment is typically supportive while the underlying cause is determined. The overall mortality rate is high at 30-40% mainly due to malignancy, though fever often resolves spontaneously if no cause is found.
Pyrexia of unknown origin (puo)
1. Pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) is defined as a fever that persists for at least 3 weeks with an unknown source despite 1 week of inpatient investigations or 3 outpatient visits. (2) Common causes of PUO include infections (especially tuberculosis), malignancies, and collagen vascular diseases.
2. A thorough history, physical exam, and initial laboratory and imaging tests are used to identify potential sources and guide further testing. Additional tests may include lumbar puncture, bone marrow biopsy, liver biopsy, or exploratory laparotomy.
3. When the source remains unknown after extensive evaluation, infectious disease, rheumatology, or oncology consultations may help identify less common causes or guide further
Puo at aizawl hosp
Dr. Honey Savla presents information on pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO). PUO is defined as a fever over 38.3°C for at least 3 weeks without a confirmed diagnosis after initial investigations. An approach to a PUO patient involves 4 stages - thorough history and screening tests in stage 1, followed by focused tests and imaging in stage 2, invasive procedures in stage 3 if needed, and therapeutic trials in stage 4. Prognosis is generally better the longer a diagnosis remains elusive, but delay affects outcomes for certain conditions like tuberculosis if not identified promptly.
Pyrexia of unknown origin
This document provides information on pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO). It defines PUO as a temperature greater than 101°F on multiple occasions for more than 3 weeks without a diagnosis. Common causes discussed include infections (such as tuberculosis, endocarditis, and abscesses), cancers, and autoimmune disorders. The document outlines approaches to evaluating a patient with PUO, including taking a thorough history, conducting a physical exam, and performing staged laboratory investigations and imaging studies. It emphasizes starting with basic tests before moving to more invasive studies. The document also discusses indications for immediate empirical antibiotic therapy versus continued observation and targeted therapy based on diagnostic clues.
Pyrexia (Fever) of Unknown Origin by DR KD DELE
This presentation focuses on the entity known as pyrexia of unknown origin / fever of unknown origin. It demonstrates both common and rare causes, and the epidemiological trend, its clinical presentation, management and prognosis.
PUO
This document defines fever of unknown origin and outlines the process for evaluating a patient with prolonged or recurrent fever when the cause is not readily apparent. It discusses taking a thorough history including fever characteristics, travel, exposures, medications and symptoms. A full examination focuses on potential infectious sources or underlying conditions. Initial tests include blood counts, inflammation markers and cultures, with further imaging and specialty-guided biopsies as needed to identify treatable causes. Empiric antibiotics may be used selectively while avoiding overuse before a pathogen is identified. Referrals to specialists can help determine causes like inflammatory diseases or infections requiring their management.
Pyrexia of unknown origin
This document discusses fever and pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO). It begins by defining fever and explaining thermoregulation. Pyrogens that cause fever are discussed, including exogenous and endogenous pyrogens like cytokines. PUO is defined as an unexplained fever persisting over 3 weeks despite testing. Common causes of PUO are discussed, including infections, cancers, and collagen vascular diseases. The approach to evaluating a patient with PUO in stages is also summarized.
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Fever of unknown origin
Fever of unknown origin (FUO) is defined as a fever lasting 3 weeks or longer without an identifiable cause after 1 week of investigation in hospital. The document outlines the classic, nosocomial, and neutropenic definitions of FUO and discusses potential causes including infections, autoimmune diseases, malignancies, and miscellaneous conditions. It describes the diagnostic approach involving evaluating the onset and characteristics of fever, associated symptoms, and medical history and performing tests including blood cultures, serologies, imaging and biopsies. Treatment may involve empirical antibiotic/antimicrobial therapy, anti-tubercular treatment, NSAIDs, steroids, or watchful waiting depending on whether a diagnosis is made.
Pyrexia of unknown origin edited
This document discusses pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO), defined as a fever above 38°C for more than 3 weeks without diagnosis. Common causes include infections (30%), malignancy (20%), and connective tissue disorders (15%). The document outlines an approach to evaluating PUO that involves obtaining a thorough history, conducting a physical exam focusing on potentially diagnostic clues, and performing initial obligatory tests before considering additional guided diagnostic tests if needed. Treatment is typically supportive while the underlying cause is determined. The overall mortality rate is high at 30-40% mainly due to malignancy, though fever often resolves spontaneously if no cause is found.
Pyrexia of unknown origin (puo)
1. Pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) is defined as a fever that persists for at least 3 weeks with an unknown source despite 1 week of inpatient investigations or 3 outpatient visits. (2) Common causes of PUO include infections (especially tuberculosis), malignancies, and collagen vascular diseases.
2. A thorough history, physical exam, and initial laboratory and imaging tests are used to identify potential sources and guide further testing. Additional tests may include lumbar puncture, bone marrow biopsy, liver biopsy, or exploratory laparotomy.
3. When the source remains unknown after extensive evaluation, infectious disease, rheumatology, or oncology consultations may help identify less common causes or guide further
Puo at aizawl hosp
Dr. Honey Savla presents information on pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO). PUO is defined as a fever over 38.3°C for at least 3 weeks without a confirmed diagnosis after initial investigations. An approach to a PUO patient involves 4 stages - thorough history and screening tests in stage 1, followed by focused tests and imaging in stage 2, invasive procedures in stage 3 if needed, and therapeutic trials in stage 4. Prognosis is generally better the longer a diagnosis remains elusive, but delay affects outcomes for certain conditions like tuberculosis if not identified promptly.
Pyrexia of unknown origin
This document provides information on pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO). It defines PUO as a temperature greater than 101°F on multiple occasions for more than 3 weeks without a diagnosis. Common causes discussed include infections (such as tuberculosis, endocarditis, and abscesses), cancers, and autoimmune disorders. The document outlines approaches to evaluating a patient with PUO, including taking a thorough history, conducting a physical exam, and performing staged laboratory investigations and imaging studies. It emphasizes starting with basic tests before moving to more invasive studies. The document also discusses indications for immediate empirical antibiotic therapy versus continued observation and targeted therapy based on diagnostic clues.
Pyrexia (Fever) of Unknown Origin by DR KD DELE
This presentation focuses on the entity known as pyrexia of unknown origin / fever of unknown origin. It demonstrates both common and rare causes, and the epidemiological trend, its clinical presentation, management and prognosis.
PUO
This document defines fever of unknown origin and outlines the process for evaluating a patient with prolonged or recurrent fever when the cause is not readily apparent. It discusses taking a thorough history including fever characteristics, travel, exposures, medications and symptoms. A full examination focuses on potential infectious sources or underlying conditions. Initial tests include blood counts, inflammation markers and cultures, with further imaging and specialty-guided biopsies as needed to identify treatable causes. Empiric antibiotics may be used selectively while avoiding overuse before a pathogen is identified. Referrals to specialists can help determine causes like inflammatory diseases or infections requiring their management.
Pyrexia of unknown origin
This document discusses fever and pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO). It begins by defining fever and explaining thermoregulation. Pyrogens that cause fever are discussed, including exogenous and endogenous pyrogens like cytokines. PUO is defined as an unexplained fever persisting over 3 weeks despite testing. Common causes of PUO are discussed, including infections, cancers, and collagen vascular diseases. The approach to evaluating a patient with PUO in stages is also summarized.
Fever of unknown origin 5th year 2016
This document provides information on fever of unknown origin (FUO). It defines FUO as a fever over 38.3°C for at least 3 weeks without a confirmed diagnosis after tests and visits. Common causes include infections, cancers, and autoimmune disorders. The evaluation involves medical history, exam, lab tests, imaging and biopsies to identify infectious, inflammatory or malignant sources. Treatment focuses on the underlying cause rather than empiric antibiotics or steroids. Some cases remain undiagnosed, but most adult patients have a good prognosis in these situations.
Pyrexia of unknown origin
This document discusses the approach to pyrexia of unknown origin (FUO) in children. It defines FUO and classifies it into four categories: classic FUO, healthcare-associated FUO, immune deficient FUO, and HIV-related FUO. For each category, it provides the definition, leading causes, aspects of history and examination to focus on, appropriate investigations, management considerations, and typical time course. It also discusses the various etiologies that can cause FUO and provides guidance on taking a thorough history, performing a physical examination, and selecting initial investigations. The key takeaway is that FUO may represent an uncommon manifestation of a common disease and the workup should be tailored thoughtfully to each case.
Pyrexia of unkown origin by Dr mohammed Hussien
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Ass.Lecturer of Hepatogastroentrology at Kafrelsheikh University.
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This document discusses fever of unknown origin (FUO) in children. It defines FUO as a fever over 38°C that cannot be explained after 3 weeks of outpatient evaluation or 1 week of inpatient evaluation. Potential causes are divided into infectious and non-infectious categories. A thorough history, physical exam, and targeted investigations are important to identify the cause. Based on patient location and immune status, FUO can be further classified as classic, healthcare-associated, immune deficient, or HIV-related FUO. The most common causes vary according to these classifications.
fever of unknown origin
This document provides a tutorial on fever of unknown origin. It discusses normal body temperature regulation and the definition of fever. It describes the pathogenesis and causes of fever, which can be infectious such as bacterial, viral, parasitic, or non-infectious such as neoplasms, connective tissue disorders, and hypersensitivity diseases. It outlines various patterns of fever and provides classifications. It focuses on fever without a focus, distinguishing fever without localizing signs from fever of unknown origin. It provides guidelines for evaluating and managing febrile infants of different ages from neonates to 3 months.
Fever of unknown origin
A comprehensive discussion on essential points regarding fever of unknown origin for Post Graduate and Undergraduate Students.
Fever of unknown origin
Pyrexia of Unknown Origin
from Harrison's Principles of Medicine 19th Editon and API text book of Medicine
by
Dr.V.B.Kasyapa.J
(MD GM)
Fever of unknown origin
FEVER of UNKNOWN ORIGIN(FUO) is defined as a temperature greater than 38°C (101°F) for more than 3 weeks with a failure to determine a diagnosis after a week of inpatient investigation. The most common causes are infections (30-50%), neoplastic diseases (5-30%), and collagen vascular diseases (10-20%). The diagnostic approach involves thorough physical exams, laboratory tests including blood counts and inflammation markers, and radiological exams. Treatment focuses on identifying the underlying cause through diagnostic tests rather than empirical antibiotics. Children with FUO generally have a better prognosis than adults and the fever often resolves spontaneously even if the cause is not determined.
Puo
The document discusses prolonged fever of unknown origin (PUO). PUO is defined as a fever over 38.3°C persisting for over 2 weeks without a clear diagnosis after initial testing. Common causes include infections like tuberculosis or brucellosis, autoimmune diseases, malignancies, and some miscellaneous conditions. The approach to a patient with PUO involves detailed history, repeated examinations looking for new signs, confirming the fever, reviewing previous tests, and guiding additional investigations based on exam findings which may include repeated cultures, imaging tests, and biopsies to help establish a diagnosis. Treatment is symptomatic until the underlying cause is determined.
Approach to a patient with fever of unknown origin
Please find the power point on Approach to a patient with fever of unknown origin . I tried to present it on understandable way and all the contents are reviewed by experts and from very reliable references. Thank you
fever of unknown origin
fever of unknown origin is defined as
1) Fever >38.3*C (101*F) on atleast 2 occasions
2) illness duration more than 3 weeks
3) No known immunocompromised state
4) Uncertain diagnosis despite one week of inpatient evaluation
Pyrexia of unknown origin
Pyrexia of Unknown Origin (PUO) is defined as a fever over 38.3°C on multiple occasions for more than 3 weeks without a diagnosis after a week of inpatient investigations. Common causes include infections like tuberculosis, abscesses, or endocarditis, inflammatory conditions such as adult Still's disease or systemic lupus erythematosus, and malignancies. A thorough history, physical exam, and baseline investigations are crucial, along with repeating tests and considering more invasive procedures if needed. The diagnostic approach involves 4 stages: collecting a detailed history, comprehensive exam, initial non-invasive investigations, and potentially empirical therapy or therapeutic trials if the cause remains unknown.
Pyrexia of unknown origin
- The recommended amount of weight to lose each week is 0.45 to 0.9 kg (1 to 2 pounds).
- Losing weight too quickly at a rate above this range can cause gallstones and nutritional deficiencies.
- Rapid weight loss is also more likely to be regained since it is usually due to water loss or loss of lean muscle mass rather than fat loss.
- Aim to lose weight slowly and steadily through sustainable lifestyle changes to diet and physical activity for long-term success.
Pyrexia of unknown origin
This document discusses pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO). It begins by defining PUO according to old and new definitions. It then expands the new definition to include categories like nosocomial PUO, neutropenic PUO, and HIV-associated PUO. The document goes on to discuss the causes of PUO in different regions and time periods, with infectious diseases like tuberculosis being very common. It also outlines the evaluation and diagnostic approach for PUO, including relevant laboratory tests, physical exam findings, and potential etiologies.
Pyrexia of unknown origin
This document discusses pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO), also known as fever of unknown origin (FUO). It provides definitions of PUO, outlines the normal human body temperature, and categorizes different types of PUO including classical, nosocomial, neutropenic, HIV-associated, and transplant-associated PUO. It also discusses common causes of PUO including infections, malignancies, and collagen vascular diseases. The document emphasizes the importance of a thorough history and physical examination to identify potential etiologies and key physical signs.
Fuo
This document discusses the approach to fever of unknown origin (FUO). It defines FUO as a fever over 101°F for at least 3 weeks without a confirmed diagnosis after initial tests. The differential diagnosis is extensive and includes infections, cancers, and non-infectious inflammatory diseases. The diagnostic approach focuses on finding potentially diagnostic clues by thorough history, exam, initial tests, and more specialized tests like PET scans and biopsies if needed. Treatment depends on the suspected cause but generally avoids antibiotics until a source is found to avoid obscuring the diagnosis. Prognosis has improved over time but malignancies remain a significant cause of mortality in FUO cases.
Fever of unknown origin
This document discusses fever of unknown origin (FUO) in children. It begins by explaining how the body regulates temperature and what causes fevers. FUO is defined as a fever over 38.3°C for at least 8 days without diagnosis. Common causes are listed which are often infectious diseases, connective tissue diseases, and neoplasms. Specific infectious etiologies like brucellosis, cat scratch disease, and tuberculosis are explained. The diagnostic approach and evaluations for FUO are outlined including history, physical exam, initial labs, additional testing, and imaging. Empiric treatment is generally not recommended to avoid delaying diagnosis. Herbal treatments used in unconventional medicine for FUO and tuberculosis are also mentioned
FEVER OF UNKNOWN ORIGIN (PUO)- APPROACH
The syndrome of pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) was first defined in 1961 but remains a clinical challenge for many physicians. Different subgroups with PUO have been suggested, each requiring different investigative strategies: classical, nosocomial, neutropenic, and HIV-related. This could be expanded to include the elderly as a fifth group. The causes are broadly divided into four groups: infective, inflammatory, neoplastic, and miscellaneous. Increasing early use of positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT) and the development of new molecular and serological tests for infection have improved diagnostic capability, but up to 50% of patients still have no cause found despite adequate investigations. Reassuringly, the cohort of undiagnosed patients has a good prognosis. In this article we review the possible aetiologies of
The definition of pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) dates back to 1961; it was described as a persistent fever above 38.3°C (100°F) that evades diagnosis for at least 3 weeks, including 1 week of investigation in hospital. PUO and present a systematic clinical approach to the investigation and management of patients, recommending potential second-line investigations when the etiology is unclear
Fever unknown Origin
This document discusses fever of unknown origin (FUO). It begins by defining fever and noting that while fever is a common symptom, in some cases the underlying cause cannot be easily diagnosed. It then covers approaches to diagnosing FUO, which involve careful history taking, physical examination, screening tests, and more specific diagnostic tests if needed. Common causes of FUO are listed as infections (40%), malignancies (25%), and autoimmune diseases (15%). The document provides details on evaluating and diagnosing nosocomial FUO and HIV-associated FUO. Imaging tests like CT scans can help detect conditions like tuberculosis in some cases. The overall goal is to thoroughly investigate FUO through clinical and diagnostic means to reach a diagnosis and
Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO)
1. Fever of unknown origin (FUO) is defined as a fever over 38.3°C for more than 3 weeks without a diagnosis after 1 week of investigation.
2. There are four main classifications of FUO: classic FUO, nosocomial FUO, neutropenic FUO, and HIV-associated FUO.
3. Infections, neoplasms, and noninfectious inflammatory diseases are the most common causes of classic FUO in adults, with tuberculosis, typhoid fever, and malaria among the leading infectious causes.
Evaluation of puo
Dr. W.A.P.S.R.Weerarathna defines pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) as a temperature of ≥ 38.3°C on multiple occasions for ≥ 3 weeks without reaching a diagnosis. Common causes of PUO include infections (40%), malignancies (25%), and autoimmune diseases (15%). For classic PUO, the three most common etiologies are infections, malignancies, and collagen vascular diseases. A thorough history, physical exam, and initial laboratory/imaging tests are recommended to guide further targeted investigations. More invasive testing should only be done if indicated or if initial evaluation does not identify the source of fever.
Fever
This document discusses fever and rash, including definitions, diagnostic approaches, and specific conditions that can present with fever and rash. It defines fever and discusses methods of taking temperature. It describes patterns of fever such as continuous, remittent, and intermittent fever. It then discusses specific conditions that can present with fever and a rash, categorizing them based on the type of rash: centrally distributed maculopapular eruptions (such as measles, rubella, epidemic typhus), nodular eruptions (such as erythema nodosum), and purpuric eruptions (such as meningococcal disease). It emphasizes taking a thorough history, physical exam, and conducting appropriate laboratory
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Fever of unknown origin 5th year 2016
This document provides information on fever of unknown origin (FUO). It defines FUO as a fever over 38.3°C for at least 3 weeks without a confirmed diagnosis after tests and visits. Common causes include infections, cancers, and autoimmune disorders. The evaluation involves medical history, exam, lab tests, imaging and biopsies to identify infectious, inflammatory or malignant sources. Treatment focuses on the underlying cause rather than empiric antibiotics or steroids. Some cases remain undiagnosed, but most adult patients have a good prognosis in these situations.
Pyrexia of unknown origin
This document discusses the approach to pyrexia of unknown origin (FUO) in children. It defines FUO and classifies it into four categories: classic FUO, healthcare-associated FUO, immune deficient FUO, and HIV-related FUO. For each category, it provides the definition, leading causes, aspects of history and examination to focus on, appropriate investigations, management considerations, and typical time course. It also discusses the various etiologies that can cause FUO and provides guidance on taking a thorough history, performing a physical examination, and selecting initial investigations. The key takeaway is that FUO may represent an uncommon manifestation of a common disease and the workup should be tailored thoughtfully to each case.
Pyrexia of unkown origin by Dr mohammed Hussien
Fever and Hyperthermia and Pyrexia of unknown origin by Dr Mohammad Hussien for Medical Student .
Ass.Lecturer of Hepatogastroentrology at Kafrelsheikh University.
FEVER OF UNKNOWN ORIGIN - PEDIATRICS
This document discusses fever of unknown origin (FUO) in children. It defines FUO as a fever over 38°C that cannot be explained after 3 weeks of outpatient evaluation or 1 week of inpatient evaluation. Potential causes are divided into infectious and non-infectious categories. A thorough history, physical exam, and targeted investigations are important to identify the cause. Based on patient location and immune status, FUO can be further classified as classic, healthcare-associated, immune deficient, or HIV-related FUO. The most common causes vary according to these classifications.
fever of unknown origin
This document provides a tutorial on fever of unknown origin. It discusses normal body temperature regulation and the definition of fever. It describes the pathogenesis and causes of fever, which can be infectious such as bacterial, viral, parasitic, or non-infectious such as neoplasms, connective tissue disorders, and hypersensitivity diseases. It outlines various patterns of fever and provides classifications. It focuses on fever without a focus, distinguishing fever without localizing signs from fever of unknown origin. It provides guidelines for evaluating and managing febrile infants of different ages from neonates to 3 months.
Fever of unknown origin
A comprehensive discussion on essential points regarding fever of unknown origin for Post Graduate and Undergraduate Students.
Fever of unknown origin
Pyrexia of Unknown Origin
from Harrison's Principles of Medicine 19th Editon and API text book of Medicine
by
Dr.V.B.Kasyapa.J
(MD GM)
Fever of unknown origin
FEVER of UNKNOWN ORIGIN(FUO) is defined as a temperature greater than 38°C (101°F) for more than 3 weeks with a failure to determine a diagnosis after a week of inpatient investigation. The most common causes are infections (30-50%), neoplastic diseases (5-30%), and collagen vascular diseases (10-20%). The diagnostic approach involves thorough physical exams, laboratory tests including blood counts and inflammation markers, and radiological exams. Treatment focuses on identifying the underlying cause through diagnostic tests rather than empirical antibiotics. Children with FUO generally have a better prognosis than adults and the fever often resolves spontaneously even if the cause is not determined.
Puo
The document discusses prolonged fever of unknown origin (PUO). PUO is defined as a fever over 38.3°C persisting for over 2 weeks without a clear diagnosis after initial testing. Common causes include infections like tuberculosis or brucellosis, autoimmune diseases, malignancies, and some miscellaneous conditions. The approach to a patient with PUO involves detailed history, repeated examinations looking for new signs, confirming the fever, reviewing previous tests, and guiding additional investigations based on exam findings which may include repeated cultures, imaging tests, and biopsies to help establish a diagnosis. Treatment is symptomatic until the underlying cause is determined.
Approach to a patient with fever of unknown origin
Please find the power point on Approach to a patient with fever of unknown origin . I tried to present it on understandable way and all the contents are reviewed by experts and from very reliable references. Thank you
fever of unknown origin
fever of unknown origin is defined as
1) Fever >38.3*C (101*F) on atleast 2 occasions
2) illness duration more than 3 weeks
3) No known immunocompromised state
4) Uncertain diagnosis despite one week of inpatient evaluation
Pyrexia of unknown origin
Pyrexia of Unknown Origin (PUO) is defined as a fever over 38.3°C on multiple occasions for more than 3 weeks without a diagnosis after a week of inpatient investigations. Common causes include infections like tuberculosis, abscesses, or endocarditis, inflammatory conditions such as adult Still's disease or systemic lupus erythematosus, and malignancies. A thorough history, physical exam, and baseline investigations are crucial, along with repeating tests and considering more invasive procedures if needed. The diagnostic approach involves 4 stages: collecting a detailed history, comprehensive exam, initial non-invasive investigations, and potentially empirical therapy or therapeutic trials if the cause remains unknown.
Pyrexia of unknown origin
- The recommended amount of weight to lose each week is 0.45 to 0.9 kg (1 to 2 pounds).
- Losing weight too quickly at a rate above this range can cause gallstones and nutritional deficiencies.
- Rapid weight loss is also more likely to be regained since it is usually due to water loss or loss of lean muscle mass rather than fat loss.
- Aim to lose weight slowly and steadily through sustainable lifestyle changes to diet and physical activity for long-term success.
Pyrexia of unknown origin
This document discusses pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO). It begins by defining PUO according to old and new definitions. It then expands the new definition to include categories like nosocomial PUO, neutropenic PUO, and HIV-associated PUO. The document goes on to discuss the causes of PUO in different regions and time periods, with infectious diseases like tuberculosis being very common. It also outlines the evaluation and diagnostic approach for PUO, including relevant laboratory tests, physical exam findings, and potential etiologies.
Pyrexia of unknown origin
This document discusses pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO), also known as fever of unknown origin (FUO). It provides definitions of PUO, outlines the normal human body temperature, and categorizes different types of PUO including classical, nosocomial, neutropenic, HIV-associated, and transplant-associated PUO. It also discusses common causes of PUO including infections, malignancies, and collagen vascular diseases. The document emphasizes the importance of a thorough history and physical examination to identify potential etiologies and key physical signs.
Fuo
This document discusses the approach to fever of unknown origin (FUO). It defines FUO as a fever over 101°F for at least 3 weeks without a confirmed diagnosis after initial tests. The differential diagnosis is extensive and includes infections, cancers, and non-infectious inflammatory diseases. The diagnostic approach focuses on finding potentially diagnostic clues by thorough history, exam, initial tests, and more specialized tests like PET scans and biopsies if needed. Treatment depends on the suspected cause but generally avoids antibiotics until a source is found to avoid obscuring the diagnosis. Prognosis has improved over time but malignancies remain a significant cause of mortality in FUO cases.
Fever of unknown origin
This document discusses fever of unknown origin (FUO) in children. It begins by explaining how the body regulates temperature and what causes fevers. FUO is defined as a fever over 38.3°C for at least 8 days without diagnosis. Common causes are listed which are often infectious diseases, connective tissue diseases, and neoplasms. Specific infectious etiologies like brucellosis, cat scratch disease, and tuberculosis are explained. The diagnostic approach and evaluations for FUO are outlined including history, physical exam, initial labs, additional testing, and imaging. Empiric treatment is generally not recommended to avoid delaying diagnosis. Herbal treatments used in unconventional medicine for FUO and tuberculosis are also mentioned
FEVER OF UNKNOWN ORIGIN (PUO)- APPROACH
The syndrome of pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) was first defined in 1961 but remains a clinical challenge for many physicians. Different subgroups with PUO have been suggested, each requiring different investigative strategies: classical, nosocomial, neutropenic, and HIV-related. This could be expanded to include the elderly as a fifth group. The causes are broadly divided into four groups: infective, inflammatory, neoplastic, and miscellaneous. Increasing early use of positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT) and the development of new molecular and serological tests for infection have improved diagnostic capability, but up to 50% of patients still have no cause found despite adequate investigations. Reassuringly, the cohort of undiagnosed patients has a good prognosis. In this article we review the possible aetiologies of
The definition of pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) dates back to 1961; it was described as a persistent fever above 38.3°C (100°F) that evades diagnosis for at least 3 weeks, including 1 week of investigation in hospital. PUO and present a systematic clinical approach to the investigation and management of patients, recommending potential second-line investigations when the etiology is unclear
Fever unknown Origin
This document discusses fever of unknown origin (FUO). It begins by defining fever and noting that while fever is a common symptom, in some cases the underlying cause cannot be easily diagnosed. It then covers approaches to diagnosing FUO, which involve careful history taking, physical examination, screening tests, and more specific diagnostic tests if needed. Common causes of FUO are listed as infections (40%), malignancies (25%), and autoimmune diseases (15%). The document provides details on evaluating and diagnosing nosocomial FUO and HIV-associated FUO. Imaging tests like CT scans can help detect conditions like tuberculosis in some cases. The overall goal is to thoroughly investigate FUO through clinical and diagnostic means to reach a diagnosis and
Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO)
1. Fever of unknown origin (FUO) is defined as a fever over 38.3°C for more than 3 weeks without a diagnosis after 1 week of investigation.
2. There are four main classifications of FUO: classic FUO, nosocomial FUO, neutropenic FUO, and HIV-associated FUO.
3. Infections, neoplasms, and noninfectious inflammatory diseases are the most common causes of classic FUO in adults, with tuberculosis, typhoid fever, and malaria among the leading infectious causes.
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Approach to a patient with fever of unknown origin
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Evaluation of puo
Dr. W.A.P.S.R.Weerarathna defines pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) as a temperature of ≥ 38.3°C on multiple occasions for ≥ 3 weeks without reaching a diagnosis. Common causes of PUO include infections (40%), malignancies (25%), and autoimmune diseases (15%). For classic PUO, the three most common etiologies are infections, malignancies, and collagen vascular diseases. A thorough history, physical exam, and initial laboratory/imaging tests are recommended to guide further targeted investigations. More invasive testing should only be done if indicated or if initial evaluation does not identify the source of fever.
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This document discusses fever and rash, including definitions, diagnostic approaches, and specific conditions that can present with fever and rash. It defines fever and discusses methods of taking temperature. It describes patterns of fever such as continuous, remittent, and intermittent fever. It then discusses specific conditions that can present with fever and a rash, categorizing them based on the type of rash: centrally distributed maculopapular eruptions (such as measles, rubella, epidemic typhus), nodular eruptions (such as erythema nodosum), and purpuric eruptions (such as meningococcal disease). It emphasizes taking a thorough history, physical exam, and conducting appropriate laboratory
Pyrexia of unknown origin
This document discusses pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO), defined as a fever above 38°C for more than 3 weeks without a confirmed diagnosis. Infections account for around 30% of cases, while malignancy and connective tissue disorders each account for around 15-20% of cases. A systematic diagnostic approach is outlined, beginning with a thorough history, physical exam, and initial lab tests to identify potentially diagnostic clues. If no diagnosis is made, further tests like PET scans, biopsies and therapeutic trials may be used. The prognosis is generally good if no cause is found, though mortality can be high if an underlying malignancy is present.
PYREXIA OF UNKNOWN ORIGIN.pptx
This document provides an overview of pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO). It defines PUO and discusses the etiology, epidemiology, differential diagnosis, diagnostic approach and algorithm. Common causes of PUO include infections, non-infectious inflammatory diseases and neoplasms. The diagnostic approach involves history, physical exam, obligatory tests and guided diagnostic tests. Positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) has a high diagnostic yield. Treatment may involve empirical trials of antibiotics, antitubercular drugs, colchicine, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or glucocorticoids. The prognosis of unexplained PUO is generally favorable.
Pyrexia of unknown origin
1. Pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) is defined as a fever that persists for at least 3 weeks with an unknown source despite 1 week of inpatient investigations or 3 outpatient visits. (2) Common causes of PUO include infections (especially tuberculosis), malignancies, and collagen vascular diseases.
2. A thorough history, physical exam, and initial laboratory and imaging tests are used to identify potential sources and guide further testing. Additional tests may include lumbar puncture, bone marrow biopsy, liver biopsy, or exploratory laparotomy.
3. When the source remains unknown after extensive evaluation, infectious disease, rheumatology, or oncology consultations may help identify less common causes or guide further
Infectious diseases puo
This document discusses pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO), defined as a fever over 38°C for at least 3 weeks without an identifiable cause despite investigations. It lists common causes of fever including infections, tissue injury, malignancy, drugs, and immune or inflammatory disorders. For PUO, a diagnostic strategy is outlined including comprehensive history, exam, routine tests, cultures, imaging like chest x-ray, ultrasound or gallium scan, and biopsy if needed to identify systemic infections, occult abscesses, tumors, or non-infectious inflammatory diseases as potential causes. The diagnostic challenge of PUO is to systematically evaluate and rule out common causes through appropriate testing and imaging studies.
pyrexia of unknown origin(puo).
This document discusses pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO). It defines PUO as a fever over 38°C lasting more than 3 weeks without an obvious cause despite evaluations. Common causes include infections (40%), malignancies (25%), and autoimmune diseases (15%). The document outlines the pathogenesis of fever and classifications of PUO. It describes the approach to evaluating a PUO patient through history, exam, and staged laboratory/imaging investigations. Empirical treatment trials are generally not recommended until a cause is found due to risks of misleading outcomes. The prognosis is determined by the underlying disease, with neoplasms having the worst outcomes.
Fever in infants and children
This document provides information on fever in infants and children, including:
1) It describes the differences between true fever caused by the body's set point being increased due to infection or inflammation, versus false fever which does not directly increase the set point.
2) Evaluation of the febrile infant or child involves obtaining a thorough history, physical exam, and screening tests like CBC, blood cultures, and lumbar puncture if meningitis is suspected, to identify potential causes and focus of infection.
3) Management depends on the age of the child. Neonates less than 1 month require full sepsis workup and antibiotics if febrile. Infants 1-3 months can potentially be treated as out
Pyrexia of unknown origin
PYREXIA OF UNKNOWN ORIGIN (PUO) refers to unexplained fever that persists for at least 3 weeks. Common causes include infectious diseases (40-60% of cases), autoimmune diseases (10-20% of cases), and malignancies. Evaluation involves detailed history, physical exam, and tiered testing including basic labs, imaging, and potentially bone marrow biopsy depending on findings. The most frequent cause varies by age, with infections more common in children under 6 and autoimmune diseases increasing thereafter. Careful examination and consideration of exposures can help identify infectious etiologies while abnormal findings may suggest alternative diagnoses.
The-Febrile-Patient-Dr.-Serrao-9.5.13.pptx
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Fever-DD&management
1. A 35-year-old male presents with high-grade fever, cough, and breathlessness for 5 days. On examination, he has crepitations in the lungs.
2. This suggests pneumonia as the likely diagnosis given the respiratory symptoms and lung findings.
3. Broad-spectrum antibiotics covering both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms like amoxicillin-clavulanic acid or third-generation cephalosporins would be appropriate initial treatment.
Melioidosis - a disease deserving strong clinical suspicion
This patient presented with prolonged fever, hepatitis, and hypodense liver lesions. Initial tests did not reveal a cause. Imaging found lesions in the liver, spleen, kidneys, and lungs. Bone marrow aspiration showed granulomatous inflammation. Blood cultures grew Burkholderia pseudomallei, confirming a diagnosis of melioidosis. The patient was treated with ceftazidime and cotrimoxazole and showed improvement in symptoms and lab values. Melioidosis can be difficult to diagnose but is important to identify given its endemic nature and risk of disseminated infection.
Fever IN ICU.pptx
Fever is a common problem in the ICU, occurring in 30-70% of patients. It can be caused by infections, non-infectious factors, or a combination. A thorough evaluation including blood tests, imaging, and cultures is important to determine the cause. Common infectious causes include ventilator-associated pneumonia, catheter-related bloodstream infections, and urinary tract infections. Non-infectious causes include drug reactions, transfusions, and environmental factors. Prompt treatment of the underlying cause is key to avoiding adverse outcomes in critically ill ICU patients experiencing fever.
Pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO)
Student seminar presentation guided by hospital's internal medicine specialist and reference as mentioned in the 2nd last slide.
Pyrexia of Unknown Origin
This document discusses fever of unknown origin (FUO). It defines FUO as a fever over 38.3°C for more than 3 weeks without a diagnosis after tests. The definition has changed over time but now includes comprehensive history, exams, and obligatory initial tests like blood tests and cultures. Potential causes of FUO are discussed, including infections by bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi, as well as non-infectious inflammatory disorders and cancers. Diagnostic tests for FUO include blood and other specimen cultures, microscopy of samples, staining techniques like Gram staining and Ziehl-Neelsen staining, and serological tests. Molecular methods like PCR may also be used in diagnosis.
Diagnosis and managment of Fever of Unknown Origin
Fever of unknown origin (FUO) is defined as a fever over 38.3°C on at least two occasions lasting more than 3 weeks without a diagnosis. Common causes include infections such as endocarditis, malignancies such as lymphoma, and autoimmune disorders. The evaluation involves blood tests, imaging, and cultures to rule out common causes. If the cause remains unknown after initial testing, more invasive procedures like biopsy may be considered. Empiric treatment is generally avoided due to the risk of masking the underlying diagnosis, but may be considered in rapidly deteriorating patients. The prognosis is generally good, with most cases ultimately receiving a diagnosis and treatment.
Pyrexia of unknown origin
This document discusses pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO), defined as a fever that lasts for more than 3 weeks or occurs frequently without explanation after a physician's efforts to find the cause. Common causes of PUO include infections, neoplasms, and collagen vascular diseases. PUO can be classified as classical, nosocomial, neutropenic, HIV-associated, or transplant-associated. A thorough history, examination, and baseline investigations should be performed to evaluate for potential causes, while avoiding unnecessary tests or therapeutic trials that could mask the underlying condition.
Pyrexia of unknown origin presentaion .pptx
https://ssd.dev.jvip.in/file/2022-hypertension-lecture-updated-guidelinespdf-253820678.pdf
Fever Unknown Origin diagnoses and treatments
fever of unknown origin,fever,fever of unknown etiology,etiology of fever, prolonged fever, undetermined fever
feverofunknownorigin-200601052555.pptx ppt
Here are the key types of fever patterns:
a) Continuous fever - Fever persists continuously without significant variation in temperature. Seen in conditions like tuberculosis, bacterial endocarditis.
b) Intermittent fever - Fever with abrupt onset and remission, such as in malaria. Temperature spikes occur at regular intervals.
c) Remittent fever - Fever that decreases but does not return to normal. The temperature remains elevated between peaks, such as in typhoid fever.
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Melioidosis - a disease deserving strong clinical suspicion
Melioidosis - a disease deserving strong clinical suspicion
Diagnosis and managment of Fever of Unknown Origin
Diagnosis and managment of Fever of Unknown Origin
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Fever of Unknown Origin
- 1. Fever of Unknown Origin A clinical approach -Sindhu Yarrabelli
- 2. Criteria The definition of FUO derived by Petersdorf and Beeson in 1961 from a prospective analysis of 100 cases has long been the clinical standard : ● Fever higher than 38.3ºC / 101 F on several occasions ● Duration of fever for at least three weeks ● Uncertain diagnosis after one week of study in the hospital
- 3. • Systemic rheumatic diseases Giant cell arteritis Polyarteritis nodosa Still's disease Etiology: • Malignancy Hepatocellular carcinoma or other tumors metastatic to the liver Leukemia Lymphoma Renal cell carcinoma • Miscellaneous Factitious fever Cirrhosis Drug feverΔ Cyclic Neutropenia
- 4. Infections • Abscesses (especially intra-abdominal) • Tuberculosis • Osteomyelitis • Endocarditis Culture-negative endocarditis Cytomegalovirus Pyelonephritis ProstatitisGonococcal arthritis Infectious mononeucleosis Q fever* Dental abscesses Dengue Chronic active hepatitis Lyme disease* Rheumatic fever Sinusitis Leptospirosis* Zika virus*
- 5. Amebic liver abscess* Anaplasmosis/ehrichiosis* Babesiosis* Brucellosis* Castleman's disease African tick bite fever* Relapsing fever (Borrelia recurrentis)* Toxoplasmosis Typhoid fever* Whipple's disease Chikungunya* Diskitis Epididymitis Fascioloiasis* Filariasis* Lassa fever* Herpes simplex encephalitis Kala azar (visceral leishmaniasis)* Kikuchi's disease Pyometria
- 6. Epidemiology: The percentage of patients with fever of unknown origin by cause during four decades
- 7. Characteristic history (symptom) + physical examination findings (sign) + key nonspecific test abnormalities Basis for a focused clue-directed fever of unknown origin work-up.
- 8. • Travel • Animal exposure • Immunosuppression • Drug and toxin history • Localizing symptoms • Surgical history, Blood transfusion • Hallmark clinical features characteristic of each disorder • Pattern of organ involvement History
- 9. Physical Exam • Eyes (Fundoscopy) • Skin & LymphNodes • Hepatomegaly & Splenomegaly • Spinal tenderness • Epididymoorchitis • Morning temperature spikes • Relative bradycardia • Double quotidian fevers (2 fever spikes/day) • Camel back fever curve (2 Fever peaks/week) Fever pattern analysis
- 10. Nonspecific lab tests HIV immuno assay ESR, Rheumatoid Factor titres Serum ferritin, ALP, LDH Atypical lymphocytes CBC with differential Serum protein electrophoresis Microscopic hematuria Naprosyn test IgM/IgG titres: Q fever, Brucella Bartonella, Salmonella EBV/CMV/HHV-8 PPD/T spot/Anergy panel ANA titres Heterophile antibody
- 11. Imaging CT/MRI abd /pelvis/chest Nuclear scans[gallium indium scans] Echo/TTE/TEE PET-CT Invasive tests Lymph node biopsy Bone marrow biopsy/culture Epidydymal nodule biopsy Ileal biopsy
- 12. FUO in HIV Acute -fuo with mononucleosis like syndrome Chronic- fuo as a manifestation of opportunistic infection / malignancy/drug fever FUO in solid organ transplant Patients Meningitis- Tb, crypto, endemic fungi Focal brain lesion- Nocardia Toxo aspergillosis or lymphoma Meningoencephalitis-CMV, VZV, west nile virus Skin lesions- disseminated fungi (fusarium)
- 13. FUO in returning travellers Milk- Brucellosis Tick/louse borne relapsing fevers Malaria Viral Hep Typhoid Leptospirosis Endemic mycosis Rickettsial diseases Amebic liver abscess Schistosomiasis AA trypanosomiasis dengue, chickungunya Yellow fever, West Nile, Japanese enceph
- 14. Therapy in fever of unknown origin • Until a definite fever-of-unknown origin diagnosis, antipyretic or antimicrobial therapy should be avoided • Emperic therapy in life threatening fUO