This document discusses various implants and feed additives used in livestock production. It describes different types of implants including estrogen-based, progesterone, androgen-based, and combination implants. It explains their modes of action in increasing average daily gain, feed efficiency, and carcass characteristics. The document also outlines categories of feed additives like ionophores, antibiotics, beta-agonists, buffers, and natural additives. It notes the benefits of ionophores in improving energy and protein metabolism in ruminants. In conclusion, the document emphasizes following label directions and doing research when using implants and additives.

1. Breanne IlseLivestock Research SpecialistCarrington Research Extension Center - NDSUImplants & Feed Additives

2. Implants & Feed AdditivesImplantsTypesEffectsMethodsFeed additivesConventionalNatural

3. Implants

4. Types of ImplantsEstrogen basedEstradiol 17-ßProgesteroneAndrogen basedTrenbolone Acetate (TBA)Testosterone CombinationAndrogen/Estrogen(TBA/E2)

5. Estrogenic (Ralgro, Synovex-C, Magnum) Metabolically enhance nutrient use to enhance growthImplant Information

6. Estrogenic Mode of ActionIncreasedSomatotropin & IGF-1ADG and HCWLittle changeFat distributionProtein depositionFeed efficiency 5-10%Daily gain 5-15%

7. Androgenic (Finaplix-S/H)Tissue buildingEnhance muscle growthImplant Information

8. Androgenic Mode of ActionIncreased IGF-1ADG and feed efficiencyNo change in intakeFeed efficiency 2-3% additionalDaily gain 3-5% additional

9. Combination TBA/E2 (SynovexChoice,Revalo IS/IH, Synovex Plus)Tissue buildingEnhance muscle growthAdditive effect with estrogenicImplant Information

10. Potency Level

11. 1/27/2011Carrington Research Extension Center NDSU

12. Estrogen Concentration28 billion nanograms in an ounceSchoonmaker, J., and G. Lardy. 2004 NDSU

13. Enhance growth performanceIncrease ADGIncrease intakeImproved efficiency$ $ $ & ¢ ¢ ¢Estimated return $15 to $40 Results of Implant

14. Ration / fed nutrientsLevel of growth promotantReimplant window- thresholdImplant Response

15. Strategic Planning Performance goalsAnimal characteristicsNutritionPeople & Facilities

16. Implant TimingTerminal dateEstimate date of slaughterWork backwards

17. 1/27/2011Carrington Research Extension Center NDSULocation, Location, Location

18. Cost of Improper TechniqueSynovex Animal Health Inc. 2004

19. Dark cuttersDecreased marblingDecreased tendernessNegative Effects

20. Continue once startedProgression of potencyDose and durationImplant Guidlines

21. Feed Additives

22. 5 General categories:

23. Ionophores

24. Antibiotics

25. Estrus suppressants

26. Buffers

27. Others / NaturalEffects & Benefits

28. Fed to Slaughter Weight

29. 3-3.5 lbs/Day up to 5lbs

30. Step-up diets to acclimate cattle

31. Usually 85% ConcentrateFinishing Period

32. Normal Rumen

33. Disturbed Microbes

34. Explosive Rumen

35. Improve efficiency of energy metabolism

36. Improve efficiency of protein metabolism

37. Reduce the incidence of digestive upsetsIonophores

38. IonophoresGeneral Results

39. Decrease feed intake

40. Improve feed conversions

41. Maintain or increase daily gain

42. Increase Propionate

43. Increase pH

44. Decrease Bloat

45. Decrease Protein DegradationBeta-agonist stimulate beta receptors on cell surfaces

46. Repartitioning agent of fat to protein

47. Metabolism

48. Directs more nutrients to increase protein synthesis

49. Slows protein degradation

50. Ractopamine hydrochloride

51. Optaflexx®

52. Zilmax®Beta-agonist

53. Fed only for month prior to slaughter60-430 mg/hd/dShort withdrawal timePrice $7- $25 investment per headEffectsIncreases dressing percentage Increases hot carcass weight Increases ribeye area Improves yield grade Improves cutabilityIncreases red meat yield Beta-agonistwww.cattlenetwork.com: Intervet and Elanco

54. AntibioticsReduce Bacterial diarrhea & Pneumonia

55. Shipping fever

56. Respiratory infection

57. Preventing Foot rot

58. Liver abscesses

59. Aureomycin

60. Chlortetracycline

61. Oxytetracycline

62. TylosinMelengestrol acetate MGA™

63. MGA Similar to Progesterone

64. Suppression of Estrus

65. Reduces injuries, and energy losses

66. Improves gain and feed efficiency of intact heifers Estrus Suppressor

67. Resist changes in rumen pH

68. Reduce incidence of acidosis

69. Improve fiber digestion

70. Individual animal performance extremely variableBuffers

71. Livenaturally occurring microorganisms

72. Non therapeutic claims

73. Establishing viable bacterial colonies in gut

74. Affect digestive function of the animal

75. Increasing production

76. Decreasing morbidityDirect Fed Microbial

77. Production of organic acids

78. Production of antimicrobials

79. Reduce toxic amines

80. Competitive exclusionPotential Modes of Action

81. Fermentation Product

82. Contain live bacteria/microbial cells

83. Fermentation Extract

84. Bacteria or fungal extracts or fermentation byproducts

85. Contains enzymes extracted from a microbial fermentation (cells not contained in the product)DFM - Product vs. Extract

86. Yeasts and enzyme additivesStabilize rumen pHIncrease fiber digestionRumen modifiersRumen microbe populationVFA ratioCompetitive bindingNatural feed additives in feedlot

87. Saponins

88. Yucca : Antiprotozoal

89. Organic Cobalt

90. Precursor for Vitamin B12: Increase VFA production

91. β – glucans

92. Enhance immune system

93. Manna – Oligosaccharide

94. Competitive binding on bacteria sitesNatural

95. ConclusionFeed for intended purpose

96. Follow label directions

97. Read warning statements

98. Store feed properly

99. Observe withdrawal timeUse of trade names neither endorses nor discounts any product mentioned

100. Do your own research on the products before purchase

101. NDSU, CREC, accredited resources Disclosure Statement

102. Questions ?Breanne IlseOffice phone : 701.652.2951Email : Breanne.Ilse@ndsu.edu