Presentation for first doctoral seminar on Advances in poultry nutrition.pptxPallaviMali14
Due to ban on use of antibiotics, introduction of probiotics/ prebiotics
/synbiotic (combination of pro-prebiotic) / organic
acids in poultry nutrition as replacement for
antibiotics.
Zagro Gut Bio Gut Promoting SupplementZagroDigital
Zagro's Gut Bio is a synbiotic supplement composing of stable probiotics and prebiotics, used for the prevention and treatment of enteric diseases and promotes the gut health.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
More Related Content
Similar to Feed additive its types composition and use
Presentation for first doctoral seminar on Advances in poultry nutrition.pptxPallaviMali14
Due to ban on use of antibiotics, introduction of probiotics/ prebiotics
/synbiotic (combination of pro-prebiotic) / organic
acids in poultry nutrition as replacement for
antibiotics.
Zagro Gut Bio Gut Promoting SupplementZagroDigital
Zagro's Gut Bio is a synbiotic supplement composing of stable probiotics and prebiotics, used for the prevention and treatment of enteric diseases and promotes the gut health.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
Contact us if you are interested:
Email / Skype : kefaya1771@gmail.com
Threema: PXHY5PDH
New BATCH Ku !!! MUCH IN DEMAND FAST SALE EVERY BATCH HAPPY GOOD EFFECT BIG BATCH !
Contact me on Threema or skype to start big business!!
Hot-sale products:
NEW HOT EUTYLONE WHITE CRYSTAL!!
5cl-adba precursor (semi finished )
5cl-adba raw materials
ADBB precursor (semi finished )
ADBB raw materials
APVP powder
5fadb/4f-adb
Jwh018 / Jwh210
Eutylone crystal
Protonitazene (hydrochloride) CAS: 119276-01-6
Flubrotizolam CAS: 57801-95-3
Metonitazene CAS: 14680-51-4
Payment terms: Western Union,MoneyGram,Bitcoin or USDT.
Deliver Time: Usually 7-15days
Shipping method: FedEx, TNT, DHL,UPS etc.Our deliveries are 100% safe, fast, reliable and discreet.
Samples will be sent for your evaluation!If you are interested in, please contact me, let's talk details.
We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
2. INTRODUCTION
Ingredient or a mixture of ingredients
Non-nutrients
To increase value of ration
Result in
Higher growth rate
Higher production
Increased feed efficiency
3. “A substance added to a feed,
in smaller quantities,
for the purpose of fortifying it
other than as a direct source of nutrient”
Feed additives can be classed
according to the mode of action as follows
DEFINITION
10. ANTIBIOTICS
PRINCIPLES
Reduction or elimination of the activity of pathogenic bacteria
that may cause subclinical infection, thus allowing the host to
achieve production levels closer to their potential.
eg; CLOSTRIDIA producing toxins in the intestines.
■ Elimination of bacteria that produce toxins that reduce the
growth of the host animal;
■ Stimulation of the growth of microorganisms that synthesise
unidentified nutrients;
■ reduction of the growth of microorganisms that compete with
the host animal
■ increased absorptive capacity of the small intestine through a
decrease in the thickness of the intestinal wall.
Effects
Improve availability & absorption of nutrients.
Increase feed efficiency
11. ANTIBIOTICS
Mode of action
Interfere with synthesis of bacterial cell wall-Flavomycin &
Avoparcin
High-molecular-weight (>1200) compounds that act on
Gram positive
Poorly absorbed by the host and thus are non-toxic,
No detectable residues
No withdrawal period
Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis- Tylosin, virgiamycin
Active against Gram-positive
Medium molecular weight (>500).
Absorption greater than higher-molecular-weight compounds,
No withdrawal period.
12. ANTIBIOTICS
Mode of action
Inhibitors of bacterial DNA synthesis:Nitrofurans and
quinoxaline-Noxides
Broad spectrum of activity,
A low molecular weight (about 250)
Require withdrawal periods.
Ionophore antibiotics-
interfere with the electrolyte balance (Na/K) of bacterial cell by
transporting potassium into the cell, which then requires energy
to pump it out. The ion pump fails to operate efficiently and
potassium accumulates inside the cell. Water enters by
osmosis and the cell ruptures.
Monensin sodium is an example of this type of antibiotic.
13. ANTIBIOTICS
PROPERTIES
Narrow spectrum
Min gut absorption
EXAMPLES
Zn Bacitracin
Penicillin Lincomycin
Virginiamycin Enramycin
DISADVANTAGES
Resistance
Cost
Restriction
Use restricted by EU since 2000
14. ANTIBIOTICS
Approved low level continuous for contol of-
Entero-toxemia in lambs
Liver abscesses in fattening cattle
Diarrhea in young mamals deprived of colostrum
In poultry
Reduction in respiratory disease
Enteritis & infectious sinocitis
Improved egg production and hatchability
15. HORMONES
Hormones- Chemicals produced in a specific region and transported
to another region o perform specific physiological function
Improve FE
Increase rate of growth
Mainly used in cattle
Malengastrol To suppress estrus in heifers.
Ralgro TM. Anabolic implant
Synovex TM Estrogen And progesterone
Rapid gain TM . Testosteron and estrogen
Steer Old tm Progestron and estradiol
BOVINE Somatotropin hormone Increase FE and milk
production in lactating dairy cattle
16. PELLET BINDERS
DEFINITION:
Agents used to increase the strength of pellet
PELLET INDEX:
Satiability of intact pellets
Physical shaking and agitation
For a predetermined time
50-60 ------------- Corn Soya --------------Low
90 ------------- Wheat --------------High
MATERIALS:
- Molasses @ 4%
- Ligno-Sulphonates @ 1- 1.2%
- Wheat & Wheat shorts 10 %
- Colloidal Clay (Sodium bentonite) @ 5-12 Kg / Ton
17. ENZYMES
Biological catalyst
Protein in nature
Total 3,000 types
Over last 10-15 years 35 commercially used
OBJECTIVES
To augment endogenous enzymes
To add that are not available
To counter the anti nutritional factors
PROPERTIES
PH stable
Heat stable
Compatible to minerals
19. ENZYME PROPERTIES
BETAGLUCONASE &
ARABINOXYLASE
NSPs
Betaglucans In Barley + Rye
Pentosans In Wheat
Both these exogenous enzymes
Depolymerise 70 – 75 % NSPs
Complex Polysaccharides
Absorb water in gut
Viscosity of digesta
Digestion capability
Absorption of nutrient
Moisture to litter
Net in M.E
CEREALS
β
Glucans
Pento-sans
(g/Kg DM)
Wheat 5 61
Barley 33 76
Rye 12 89
20. ENZYME PROPERTIES
Oligosaccharidases & Proteases
Raffinose, cellobiose, etc…
Present in soybean meal
There is in AME
upto 4-7% in AME + Amino Acids
Lipases
less enzyme produced in young chick(< 21d)
Soaping Effect
Fat loss in excreta
AME
Inclusion = 1% 100 Kcal
Phytase
Ph. is expensive,
Pollutes environment ie; manure
Ph. In form of Phytic Acid in cerials
Adding 500 units / kg feed .10 % available Ph
Advantages
available organic Ph
Ph level in Manure
availability of Ca, Zn, Cu
1-2% digestibility of AA
Disadvantages
High Cost
Degraded at 65 C
21. PROBIOTICS
PRINCIPLES
Living organisms
Change in pH of gut lactic Acid
Decrease E Coli & Its toxins
Absorb feed toxins to some extent
Inhibit Salmonella colonization in gut
TYPES
Lactobacilli, Bifedium,
Yeast, Saccharomyces
DISADVANTAGES
Heat labile (pelleting)
Can be use only as oral preparations
22. PREBIOTICS
Compounds other than dietary nutrients that modify the balance
of the microfloral population by romoting
the growth of beneficial bacteria and thereby provide a healthier
intestinal environment. Non-digestible food ingredients usually
CHO-
Galacto-oligosacchhrides (legume seeds)
Fructo-oligosacchhrides (cereal grains)
Mano-oligosacchhrides (yeast cell wall)
Selectively enhance beneficial bacteria in the gut like bifidobacteria and
lactobacilli. FOS have bifidogenic action , produce acetic acid
Effects
Growth promotion of probiotic gut flora
Reduce att of harmful bacteria to gut wall
Imrove digestive health and mineral absorption
Enhance immune function
24. TOXIN ADSORBENTS
Toxins once produced difficult to destroy
Adsorbers
Activated charcoal 200 gm / Ton
Afla toxins
Alumino Silicates 0.5 -1.2 %
Afla toxins
T2 toxins
Yeast also in practice
Disadvantages
Alumino silicates bind essential minerals
25. ANTIOXIDANTS
PRINCIPLES
Prevent the free radicals
Slow the process of oxidation
Prevent oxidation of the lipids
Prevent oxidation of fat sol. Vit ADK
EXAMPLES
Natural Vit E & C
Ethoxiquine
Fat 400-500 mg /Kg
Vit Premix 100-150 mg /Kg
26. ANTICOCCIDIALS
Impair oocyst growth and reproduction.
EXAMPLES
Sulpha drugs block Vit B metabolism
Amprolium block thiamine
Ionophores change Na / K conc.
DISADVANTAGES
Resistance problem
Shuttling must be done
Cocci vaccines are in practice now a days
27. DEWORMERS
Piprazine
Levamisole
Albendazole
Fenbendazole
Paralyze the worms
Narrow spectrum
Broad spectrum
Vermicidal & Oocidal
No production stress
28. Poultry do not have teeth to grind hard grain
Most grinding takes place in musculated gizzard.
The more thoroughly food is ground
The more surface area is created
For digestion and absorption.
Egg shells and limestone are used as grit.
GRIT
29. BUFFERS
In Live stock Use
The pH stabilizers
Saliva A natural buffer
Optimal pH of rumen 5.8-6.4
At pH 5.0 -5.5 milk fat
pH Below 4.0 Acidosis
COMMON BUFFERS
NaHCO3
Mg oxide
Na Bentonite
Lime stone
CHALLENGES
Production stress
High conc rations
CH2O degradation
Volatile F.A Production
Ruminal pH ( acidophilus MF )
Appetite & Saliva Secretion
Feed intake
Production
30. COMMON BUFFERS
RECOMMENDED LEVELS
S # Name
% of
Tot Ration
% of Grain
Mix
Lbs / cow
/day
1 NaHCO3 0.6 - 1.0 1.2 - 2.0 0.3 – 0.5
2 Mg Oxide 0.2 - .35 0.4 - 0.7 0.1 – 0.2
3 Na Bentonite 2.0 - 3.0 4.0 - 6.0 1.0 – 1.5
POULTRY
Hot season rough & Shell less eggs
Na Bentonite & Na Bicarbonate
31. FLAVORING AGENTS
In chicken 24 taste buds
In Cattle 25,000 taste buds
i) Where highly unpalatable medicines are being mixed.
ii) During attacks of diseases.
iii) When animals are under stress.
iv) When a less palatable feedstuffs is being fed
Given either as such or incorporated in the ration.
It is not effective in poultry due to lack of taste buds.
32. PRINCIPLE
Palatability
Feed in take
TYPES
Natural
Synthetic
Less cost
Easily available
Consistent quality
Withstand processing
Available in liquid and powder form
Form-
Dry powder
0.5-1.5%
FLAVORING AGENTS
33. Dairy cows sensitive to changes in diet
Preference for citric tastes and aroma
Mask bitter taste of vitamins or minerals, anionic salts
Added to compound feed or TMR
Cost vs Milk yield
BEEF Animas
Mixing with rancid, moldy or acidic feed
FLAVORING AGENTS
34. Natural
Garlic
Anise
Black cumin
Fruit extracts
Chemical
Vanillin
Sodium glutamate
Less cost
Easily available
Consistent quality
Withstand processing
Available in liquid and powder form
FLAVORING AGENTS
35. Preservatives
Vit C.
Calcium sorbate.
Citric acid
Phosphoric acid.
Propylene glycol(toxic for cats)
Sodium propionate
Sodium meta bisulfate.