FBD NEW.pptx
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Fluidized bed dryers use hot air to fluidize granules for drying. They have a perforated bottom through which hot air passes to lift the granules into a fluidized state where they are suspended in the air stream. This allows for direct contact between particles and air, facilitating efficient moisture removal. Fluidized bed dryers are commonly used in pharmaceutical manufacturing for drying granules during tableting. Validation of a fluidized bed dryer involves design qualification to ensure proper construction, installation qualification to verify installation meets specifications, operational qualification to test functionality, and performance qualification to evaluate drying performance with trial batches.
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This document discusses fluidized bed dryers (FBDs) used in pharmaceutical manufacturing. It provides information on:
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Basics of Electrocardiogram
CONTENTS
●Conduction System of the Heart
●What is ECG or EKG?
●ECG Leads
●Normal waves of ECG.
●Dimensions of ECG.
● Abnormalities of ECG
CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART
ECG:
●ECG is a graphic record of the electrical activity of the heart.
●Electrical activity precedes the mechanical activity of the heart.
●Electrical activity has two phases:
Depolarization- contraction of muscle
Repolarization- relaxation of muscle
ECG Leads:
●6 Chest leads
●6 Limb leads
1. Bipolar Limb Leads:
Lead 1- Between right arm(-ve) and left arm(+ve)
Lead 2- Between right arm(-ve) and left leg(+ve)
Lead 3- Between left arm(-ve)
and left leg(+ve)
2. Augmented unipolar Limb Leads:
AvR- Right arm
AvL- Left arm
AvF- Left leg
3.Chest Leads:
V1 : Over 4th intercostal
space near right sternal margin
V2: Over 4th intercostal space near left sternal margin
V3:In between V2 and V4
V4:Over left 5th intercostal space on the mid
clavicular line
V5:Over left 5th intercostal space on the anterior
axillary line
V6:Over left 5th intercostal space on the mid
axillary line.
Normal ECG:
Waves of ECG:
P Wave
•P Wave is a positive wave and the first wave in ECG.
•It is also called as atrial complex.
Cause: Atrial depolarisation
Duration: 0.1 sec
QRS Complex:
•QRS’ complex is also called the initial ventricular complex.
•‘Q’ wave is a small negative wave. It is continued as the tall ‘R’ wave, which is a positive wave.
‘R’ wave is followed by a small negative wave, the ‘S’ wave.
Cause:Ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization
Duration: 0.08- 0.10 sec
T Wave:
•‘T’ wave is the final ventricular complex and is a positive wave.
Cause:Ventricular repolarization Duration: 0.2 sec
Intervals and Segments of ECG:
P-R Interval:
•‘P-R’ interval is the interval
between the onset of ‘P’wave and onset of ‘Q’ wave.
•‘P-R’ interval cause atrial depolarization and conduction of impulses through AV node.
Duration:0.18 (0.12 to 0.2) sec
Q-T Interval:
•‘Q-T’ interval is the interval between the onset of ‘Q’
wave and the end of ‘T’ wave.
•‘Q-T’ interval indicates the ventricular depolarization
and ventricular repolarization,
i.e. it signifies the
electrical activity in ventricles.
Duration:0.4-0.42sec
S-T Segment:
•‘S-T’ segment is the time interval between the end of ‘S’ wave and the onset of ‘T’ wave.
Duration: 0.08 sec
R-R Interval:
•‘R-R’ interval is the time interval between two consecutive ‘R’ waves.
•It signifies the duration of one cardiac cycle.
Duration: 0.8 sec
Dimension of ECG:
How to find heart rhytm of the heart?
Regular rhytm:
Irregular rhytm:
More than or less than 4
How to find heart rate using ECG?
If heart Rhytm is Regular :
Heart rate =
300/No.of large b/w 2 QRS complex
= 300/4
=75 beats/mins
How to find heart rate using ECG?
If heart Rhytm is irregular:
Heart rate = 10×No.of QRS complex in 6 sec 5large box = 1sec
5×6=30
10×7 = 70 Beats/min
Abnormalities of ECG:
Cardiac Arrythmias:
1.Tachycardia
Heart Rate more than 100 beats/min
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How to effectively start market research in the health tech industry by defining objectives, crafting problem statements, selecting methods, identifying data collection sources, and setting clear timelines. This guide covers all the preliminary steps needed to lay a strong foundation for your research.
This lays foundation of scoping research project what are the
Before embarking on a research project, especially one aimed at scoping and defining parameters like the one described for health tech IT, several crucial considerations should be addressed. Here’s a comprehensive guide covering key aspects to ensure a well-structured and successful research initiative:
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Scope Definition: Clearly outline the boundaries of the research in terms of geographical focus, target demographics (e.g., age, socio-economic status), and industry sectors (e.g., healthcare IT).
3. Review Existing Literature and Resources
Literature Review: Conduct a thorough review of existing research, market reports, and relevant literature to build foundational knowledge.
Gap Analysis: Identify gaps in existing knowledge or areas where further exploration is needed.
4. Select Research Methodology and Tools
Methodological Approach: Choose appropriate research methods such as surveys, interviews, focus groups, or data analytics.
Tools and Resources: Select tools like Google Forms for surveys, analytics platforms (e.g., SimilarWeb, Statista), and expert consultations.
5. Ethical Considerations and Compliance
Ethical Approval: Ensure compliance with ethical guidelines for research involving human subjects.
Data Privacy: Implement measures to protect participant confidentiality and adhere to data protection regulations (e.g., GDPR, HIPAA).
6. Budget and Resource Allocation
Resource Planning: Allocate resources including time, budget, and personnel required for each phase of the research.
Contingency Planning: Anticipate and plan for unforeseen challenges or adjustments to the research plan.
7. Develop Research Instruments
Survey Design: Create well-structured surveys using tools like Google Forms to gather quantitative data.
Interview and Focus Group Guides: Prepare detailed scripts and discussion points for qualitative data collection.
8. Sampling Strategy
Sampling Design: Define the sampling frame, size, and method (e.g., random sampling, stratified sampling) to ensure representation of target demographics.
Participant Recruitment: Plan recruitment strategies to reach and engage the intended participant groups effectively.
9. Data Collection and Analysis Plan
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Analysis Techniques: Decide on analytical approaches (e.g., statistical
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A Fit-to-Fly PCR Test is a crucial service for travelers needing to meet the entry requirements of various countries or airlines. This test involves a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for COVID-19, which is considered the gold standard for detecting active infections. At our travel clinic in Leeds, we offer fast and reliable Fit to Fly PCR testing, providing you with an official certificate verifying your negative COVID-19 status. Our process is designed for convenience and accuracy, with quick turnaround times to ensure you receive your results and certificate in time for your departure. Trust our professional and experienced medical team to help you travel safely and compliantly, giving you peace of mind for your journey.www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
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As Mumbai's premier kidney transplant and donation center, L H Hiranandani Hospital Powai is not just a medical facility; it's a beacon of hope where cutting-edge science meets compassionate care, transforming lives and redefining the standards of kidney health in India.
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补办文凭【微信号:176555708】【(Bristol毕业证书)】【微信号:176555708】《成绩单、外壳、offer、真实留信官方学历认证（永久存档/真实可查）》采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路）我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
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二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信号:176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
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National Rural Health Mission(NRHM).pptx
This document describes the NRHM Scheme, its goals, objectives, components, and new initiatives.
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Research, Monitoring and Evaluation, in Public Health
Research, Monitoring and Evaluation, in Public Health
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The Importance of Black Women Understanding the Chemicals in Their Personal C...
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Solution manual for managerial accounting 18th edition by ray garrison eric n...
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Health Tech Market Intelligence Prelim Questions -
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Friendly Massage in Ajman - Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman
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Discover the Perfect Way to Relax - Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman
Discover the Perfect Way to Relax - Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman
Fit to Fly PCR Covid Testing at our Clinic Near You
Fit to Fly PCR Covid Testing at our Clinic Near You
Test bank clinical nursing skills a concept based approach 4e pearson educati...
Test bank clinical nursing skills a concept based approach 4e pearson educati...
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Cyclothymia Test: Diagnosing, Symptoms, Treatment, and Impact | The Lifescien...
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nurs fpx 4050 assessment 4 final care coordination plan.pdf
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FBD NEW.pptx
- 3. Introduction: Fluidized bed dryer (FBD) is well known and widely used equipment in the pharmaceutical manufacturing . The direct contact between particles and air is possible in fluid bed system It is used in granulation process for drying the material to get desired moisture content in the granules required for perfect compression of tablet formulation. 3
- 4. Principle The main principle involved in fluidized bed dryer is FLUIDIZATION 1. Hot air is passed at high speed through a perforated bottom of the container containing granules 2. The granules are lifted from the bottom and suspended in the stream of air this condition is called “fluidized state”. 4
- 5. CONSTRUCTION: 1. Made up of stainless steel 2. Detachable bowl 3. Fan 4. Fresh air inlet, heat exchanger 5. Bag filter 5
- 6. 6 WORKING: Granules are placed Hot air flows through the bottom Granules rise and the fall back Condition: fluidized state
- 7. 7 Air leaves Drying is achieved Time for drying
- 8. TYPES: 8 1. Batch type fluidized bed dryer
- 9. 9 2. Continuous fluid bed dryer
- 10. ADVANTAGES: 1. High rates of moisture removal 2. Low capital and maintenance cost 3. Highly efficient in material drying 4. Handling is easy 5. Wide range 6. No hot spot on the product 7. Suitable for both 10
- 11. DIS-ADVANTAGES: 1. Poor fluidization and low flexibility 2. Not the best choice of equipment 3. Entertainment of fine particles 4. Product loss 5. Sticky material is quite difficult 11
- 12. Application: 1. Drying of the granules in the production of the tablet 2. Coating of the tablet 3. Agriculture , pharma, food ,dairy 4. Polymer film coating 5. Drying moist (DCPA) 6. Top spray granulators 7. Formulation , development and production 12
- 13. VALIDATIONprotocol: A Validation Protocol is an approved document which outlines the program to be employed, the tests that will be made and the acceptance criteria for those tests. Validation Phases: DQ- Design Qualification IQ- Installation Qualification OQ-Operational Qualification PQ- Performance Qualification 13
- 14. DESIGNQUALIFICATION In fluidized bed dryer the design of the instrument should be: occupy the small place. Based on our requirement we can go for horizontal or vertical. kept in mind while doing the design. Every fluid bed dryer must have explosion relief device . 14
- 15. INSTALLATIONQUALIFICATION: 15 • Verifying the approved purchase order model number, serial number • Ensure all documentation is received • Check the manufacturer and supplier. • Check for any physical damage. • Confirm location and installation • Dust free area and moisture free air should be provided. • Installation shall be conducted per instructions provided in the manual.
- 16. OPERATIONALQUALIFICATION: 16 • Verify alarm control. • Operate the equipment at low, medium, and high speed • Verify that all switches and push buttons are functioning properly. • procedures • training program • electrical fittings
- 17. PERFORMANCEQUALIFICATION: Run the trial batch during the: •1. Size • 2. Shape • 3.Surface of the material which we kept for drying. 17
- 18. MAKERSOFFBD: 18 • Tapasya Engineering works Pvt Ltd. • Chitra Machineries Pvt Ltd. • NU Pharma Engineers And Consultant. • Chamunda Pharma Machinery Pvt. Ltd.
- 19. 19