Container Type of container Closure Type of closure Assuring Quality of glass

1. CONTAINER AND CLOSUREFOR
PHARMACEUTICAL
Prepared by : Ashvin D. Bhoge
Roll No : 517
M.PHARM (PQA)
Subject : Pharmaceutical manufacturing
technology
Dr.D.Y. Patil College of Pharmacy, Akurdi

2. CONTENT
1. Container
2. Type of container
3. Closure
4. Type of closure
5. Assuring Quality of glass

3. CONTAINER
1. Container is defined as a
object that can be used to
hold or transport something.
2. Pharmaceutical container is a
device that hold the
pharmaceutical product and it
may or may not be in direct
contact with it.

4. Type ofContainer
Well closed container  Single dose container

5. Multi dose container  Light resistant container

6. Air tight container Aerosol container

7. Closure
• Closures are devices
and techniques used
to close or seal
container such as a
bottle, jug, jar, tube,
can etc.
• Closures can be a
cap, cover, lid, plug,
et

8. Typeof closure
Screw top
• A screw closure is a mechanical
device which is screwed on and
off of a threaded "finish" on a
container.
• Either continuous threads or lugs
are used.
• Metal caps can be either
preformed or in some instances,
rolled on after application.
• Plastic caps may use several types
of molded polymer.

9. Crown cap
• Beverage bottles are frequently closed with
crown beverage caps.
• These are shallow metal caps that are crimped
into locking position around the head of the
bottle

10. Snap on
• Some closures snap on.
For opening, the top is
designed to pry off or,
break off, or have a built
in dispenser.
Spray bottle
• A spray bottle is a bottle
that can dispense, squirt,
spray or mist fluids.
• A common use for spray
bottles is dispensing cool
cleaners, cosmetics, and
chemical specialties.

11. Child-resistant
• Child-resistant packaging has special closures
designed to reduce the risk of children ingesting
dangerous items.
• This is often accomplished by the use of a special
safety cap.
• It is required by regulation for prescription drugs,
over the- counter medications, pesticides, an
household chemicals.

12. Friction fit
• Some containers have a loose lid for a closure.
• Laboratory glassware often has ground glass
joints that allow the pieces to be fitted together
easily.
• An Interference fit or friction fit requires some
force to close and open, providing additional
security.
• Paint cans often have a friction fit plug.

13. Tamper-evident
• Resistance to tampering is required for some
types of products. Container closures can be one
of several layers of packaging to deter tampering
and to provide evidence of attempts at
tampering.
• Sometimes tamper resistance is obtained by or
integral with the closure.

14. Assuring quality of glass
There are various evaluation tests for assuring
the
Quality of glass:
• Crushed glass test
• Whole container test
• Chemical resistant test
• Powdered glass test
• Water attack test

15. Crushed glass test
• The container is crushed and sieved to produce
uniform particles of which a definite weight of taken.
• The control of the particle size and weight of powder
ensures that a constant surface area is exposed to the
solution. Because all of the glass (not just the surface
layer) is examined and extraction is enhanced by the
rough surfaces of the particles, this is a severe test,
and, if a glass passes, it is unlikely that containers
made from it will give trouble while in use.
• This test can be used for determining the nature of a
glass or for distinguish between two types of glasses,
such as neutral or surface – treated.

16. Whole-containertest
• The containers are filled with the test solution
and exposed to the test conditions. Glassware
may pass the whole container test more easily
because the surface layer of a container is
smooth and less reactive.
• In this test, surface area does not increase as
much as volume with the increase in container
size, consequently, the small sized containers are
more attacked by the leaching of the alkali from
the surface.

17. Powder glasstest
• From the glass containers, alkaline constituents (oxides
of sodium, potassium, calcium, aluminium, etc.) are
leached into purified water under conditions of
elevated temperatures.
• When the glass is powdered the leaching of alkali can
be enhanced in the powdered is critical.
• The principle involved in the powdered glass test in
estimate the amount of alkali leached form the glass
powder.
• The amount of acid that is necessary to neutralize the
released alkali (a specified limit) is specified in the
pharmacopoeia.
• The basic analysis is acid-base titration using methyl
red indicator.

18. Water attacktest
• This test is used only with containers that have been
exposed to sulphur dioxide fumes under controlled
humidity conditions. Such a treatment neutralizes the
surface alkali. Now the glass becomes chemically more
resistant.
• The principle involved in the water attack test is to
determine whether the alkali leached form the surface of a
container is within the specified limits or not. Since the
inner surface is under test entire container (ampoule) has to
be used.
• The amount of acid that is necessary to neutralize the
released alkali from the surface is estimated, the leaching of
alkali is accelerated using elevated temperature for a
specified time. Methyl red indicator is used to determine
the end point. The basic is acid-base titration.

19. References
1. Container and closure, INDIAN PHARMACOPOEIA 1996, Volume-I
(A-O), Page no. 130, Published by the controller of publications,
2. Delhi.
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closure_(container)
4. https://www.slideshare.net/rohillarajat/containers-closures
5.
https://www.slideshare.net/PrincyAgarwal6/pharmaceuticalcontai
ners- and-closures-an-overview
6. https://hmc.usp.org/sites/default/files/documents/HMC/GCs-
Pdfs/c671.pdf
7. https://www.pharmatutor.org/articles/quality-control-
testingpackaging- materials?page=1%2C4

20. Thank you………….