The importance of carbon
The importance of water
The importance of selectively permeable membranes
The importance of synthesis by polymerization of small
molecules
5. The importance of self-assembly
Guided notes covering material from Topic 2.3 of the updated IB Biology syllabus for 2016 exams. Notes sequence and prompts are based on the Oxford IB Biology textbook by Allott and Mindorff.
The importance of carbon
The importance of water
The importance of selectively permeable membranes
The importance of synthesis by polymerization of small
molecules
5. The importance of self-assembly
Guided notes covering material from Topic 2.3 of the updated IB Biology syllabus for 2016 exams. Notes sequence and prompts are based on the Oxford IB Biology textbook by Allott and Mindorff.
Primary structure of protein
Secondary structure of protein
Tertiary structure of protein
Quaternary structure of protein
Methods to determine protein structure
Conclusion
References
METHODS TO DETERMINE PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Each protein has a unique sequence of amino acids.
The amino acids are held together in a protein by
covalent peptide bonds or linkages.
A peptide bond are formed when amino group of an
amino acid combines with the carboxyl group of another.
The conformation of polypeptide chain by twisting or folding is referred to as secondary structure.
Two types of secondary structures α-helix and β-sheet are mainly identified.
α-Helical structure was proposed by Pauling and Corey in 1951.
It occurs when the sequence of amino acids are linked by hydrogen bonds.
Each turn of α-helix contains 3.6 amino acids.
β-pleated sheets are composed of two or more segments of fully extended peptide chains.
β-Sheets may be arranged either in parallel or anti-parallel direction.
Many globular proteins contain combinations of α-helix and β-pleated sheet secondary structure, these patterns are called supersecondary structures also called motifs.
The three dimensional arrangement of protein structure is referred to as tertiary structure.
It is a compact structure with hydrophobic side chains held interior while the hydrophilic groups are on the surface.
This type of arrangement provide stability of the molecule.
Besides the H-bongs, disulfide bonds, ionic interactions, hydrophobic interactions also contribute to the tertiary structure.
the branch of science concerned with the chemical and physico-chemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms.
the processes and substances with which the science of biochemistry is concerned.
Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms.[1] Biochemical processes give rise to the complexity of life.
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
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We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
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However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
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LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
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Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
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Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
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• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
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1. Olguera, Pauline Anne G.
BSCP 3-3
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Prof. Adrian Guinto
1. A. What is Chemistry?
Chemistry is the science of composition, structure, properties, and
reactions of matter especially of atomic and molecular systems. It is the science
dealing with the composition of matter and the changes in composition that
matter undergoes. It is concerned also with the energy and the energy changes
associated with matter.1
b. Why is it important in biology?
Chemistry is closely related to biology, not only because living
organisms are made of material substances but also because life itself is
essentially a complicated system of interrelated chemical processes. Biological
processes are chemical in nature. The metabolism of food to provide energy ti
living organisms is a chemical process.1
2. Differentiate the meaning of atoms, elements and molecules. Providing the
examples to substantiate your answers.
A. Atoms – is the smallest particle in a substance. It is the fundamental
unit of matter where all substances are formed. It is made of nucleus
which contains protons, neutrons and electrons. Ex. Hydrogen atom
and carbon atom.
B. Elements – An element is a is made of a central nucleus containing
protons (positively-charged) and neutrons (with no charge). The
electrons (negatively-charged with negligible mass) revolve around the
nucleus in different imaginary paths called orbits or shells. Ex. Sulfur,
chlorine
C. Molecules - is formed when atoms of the same or different elements
combine. Ex. Carbon dioxide, Oxygen
1 College Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biochemistry by Hein, Morris; Bert, Reo R.; Pattison, Scott;
Susan Arena, 1993 by Wadworth, Inc. Belmont, California
2. 3. What is the difference of inorganic and organic chemistry?
Inorganic chemistry deals with all other elements as well as with
some carbon compounds. Substances classified as inorganic are derived mainly
from mineral sources rather than form animal or vegetable sources. While
Organic Chemistry is concerned with compounds containing the element carbon.
The term organic was originally derived from the chemistry of living organisms:
plants and animals.
4. What are the 3 types of carbohydrates? Provide a graphical representation of
each.
a. Monosaccharide - used for energy, stored as glycogen, or reacted to
produce fat. This is usually found in honey and fruits. Digestion breaks complex
carbohydrates down to monosaccharide, which are small enough to be
absorbed.2
b. Disaccharide – usually found in milk sugar, cane sugar, beet sugar and
molasses. Simple carbohydrates include this.2
3. c. Polysaccharide – complex carbohydrates include this which has starch
from plant food and glycogen from meats. Foods containing starch and glycogen
usually have many other nutrients, including valuable vitamins and minerals.2
5. What are the 4 types of proteins according to structure? Briefly describe each
of them and name at least 2 examples of each.
a. Primary Structure – is established by the number, kind, and sequence
of amino acid units composing the polypeptide chain or chains making up the
molecule. The primary structure determines the alignment of side-chain
characteristics, which in turn, determines the three-dimensional shape into which
the protein folds. In this sense the amino acid sequence is of primary importance
in establishing protein shape. Example is the insulin.3
B. Secondary Structure – characterized as a regular, three-dimensional
structure held together by hydrogen bonding between the oxygen an the
hydrogen groups in the polypeptide chains. The helical and pleated-sheet
structures of Pauling and Corey are two examples of secondary structure.4
2 Holes human anatomy and physiology by Shier, David; Buttes, Jackie and Lewis, Ricky, 2004, MCgrawhill.
3 Brocchieri L, Karlin S (2005-06-10). "Protein length in eukaryotic and prokaryotic proteomes". Nucleic Acids Research
33 (10): 3390-3400. doi:10.1093/nar/gki615. PMID 15951512.
4. 4 Pauling L, Corey RB, Branson HR (1951). "The structure of proteins; two hydrogen-bonded helical configurations of the
polypeptide chain". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 37 (4): 205-211. doi:10.1073/pnas.37.4.205. PMID 14816373.
C. Tertiary Structure – refers to the distinctive and characteristic
conformation, or shape, of a protein molecule. This overall three-dimensional
conformation is held together by a variety of interactions between amino acid
side chains. The tertiary structure depends on the number and location of these
interactions, variables that are fixed when the primary structure is synthesized.
Thus, the tertiary structure depends on the primary structure. Examples are
myoglobin which has a folded sausage structure, and hair which is rich in
disulfide bonds.
d. Quaternary Structure – it is found in some complex proteins. These
proteins are made up of two or more smaller protein subunits. The quaternary
structure refers to the shape of the entire complex molecule and is determined by
the way in which the subunits are held together by noncovalent bonds. Examples
are Triose phosphate isomerase which is an enzyme used in glucose
metabolism, and flavodoxin which is a conjugated protein found in some
bacteria.5
5 Chiang YS, Gelfand TI, Kister AE, Gelfand IM (2007). "New classification of supersecondary structures of
sandwich-like proteins uncovers strict patterns of strand assemblage.". Proteins. 68 (4): 915–921.
doi:10.1002/prot.21473. PMID 17557333.