Fascism in America
โขDownload as PPTX, PDFโข
0 likesโข140 views
This document discusses how fascism could have emerged in America during the 1930s due to factors like the Great Depression, anti-communism, racial discrimination, intolerance of modern ideas, and public works programs. Specifically, it analyzes Sinclair Lewis' novel "It Can Happen Here" which warned about the rise of an American fascist dictatorship, exploring the tendencies during that crisis-era in America that, while not absolutes, diminished democracy and allowed for the possibility of fascism taking hold.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
The daily mirror case study lesson 4+5
The Daily Mirror published a front page on November 10th, 2016 in opposition to Donald Trump's election victory. The front page features an image of a weeping Statue of Liberty with dark clouds in the background and the headline "What have they done?". Inside articles liken Trump's win to Brexit and suggest it was driven by white, middle-class voters concerned with immigration and job losses. Representations of Trump and his supporters aim to portray them as predominantly white males. Theoretical perspectives are used to analyze how the newspaper constructs meaning through signs and representations to transmit particular ideological messages to readers.
Understanding Trump & the Alt-Right Movement
This is a talk I gave for the Hunter College Sociology Department, November 9, 2016 about the Trump election and the alt-right movement. Most of this is in the text of this related blog post: http://www.racismreview.com/blog/2016/11/09/understanding-trump-moment/
Representation theories
This document discusses representation and gender theory. It provides background on theorists Judith Butler, Stuart Hall, and Paul Gilroy. Judith Butler is discussed in depth, with explanations of her theories of gender performativity and "gender trouble." Gender, according to Butler, is constructed through performances and repetitions of gender roles, rather than being based on inherent or biological traits. The document also discusses debates around representation of feminism in the media.
Ideology in American Super Hero Films
The document discusses how to analyze the ideologies present in American superhero films. It explains that ideologies represent the dominant values and attitudes of a social group or culture. Superhero films often promote American ideologies like patriotism and depict American heroes as defending freedom and justice. The narratives, characters, and imagery in superhero films can subtly reinforce values like American exceptionalism and military strength. Analyzing representations, narratives, and binary opposites in films can provide insights into the ideologies they aim to promote or challenge.
Laura Mulvey
Laura Mulvey is a prominent British feminist film theorist best known for her 1975 essay "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema," which introduced the concept of the "male gaze" and analyzed how Hollywood cinema represents women through the heterosexual male perspective and for the visual pleasure of male viewers. Mulvey's influential work inaugurated the intersection of film theory, psychoanalysis, and feminism and analyzed how the symbolic order of society is dominated by the heterosexual male gaze, which objectifies women as representations of male desires.
TV drama exam style questions The Avengers
The document provides exam style questions about analyzing representations of gender in an episode of the 1960s British TV show The Avengers, asking students to discuss how the extract challenges or conforms to traditional gender stereotypes of the era based on analyzing its use of gender representations and drawing conclusions. It also provides context about the historical, social, and cultural norms around gender in 1960s Britain and how the show both reflected and potentially challenged traditional roles and representations through characters like Emma Peel.
Horror representation 2016
This document discusses the concept of representation and provides context about the 1957 film "The Horror of Dracula". It defines representation as the construction of ideas or images that reflect societal attitudes, and may not be accurate. Representations of gender, social class, age, and British values are examined in the film. Historical context is given about political unrest and economic struggles in Britain in the 1950s that may have made horror films popular escapes. Specific facts about "The Horror of Dracula" are listed, and it suggests the film represented British fears about losing power abroad and changes to traditional gender roles at home.
Angela McRobbie
No, Emmeline Pankhurst would not be considered an archetypal representation of femininity. Some key reasons:
- She was a political activist and leader who fought aggressively for women's suffrage through militant tactics like hunger strikes, which went against traditional expectations of feminine behavior.
- Her activism and leadership role disrupted traditional gender roles that relegated women to the private sphere of home and family. She took on a very public role advocating for women's rights.
- Images and descriptions of her from the time period often emphasized her defiance of femininity through her strong public speaking, willingness to be arrested and imprisoned for her cause, and other assertive tactics.
- She challenged patriarchal power structures and norms
Recommended
The daily mirror case study lesson 4+5
The Daily Mirror published a front page on November 10th, 2016 in opposition to Donald Trump's election victory. The front page features an image of a weeping Statue of Liberty with dark clouds in the background and the headline "What have they done?". Inside articles liken Trump's win to Brexit and suggest it was driven by white, middle-class voters concerned with immigration and job losses. Representations of Trump and his supporters aim to portray them as predominantly white males. Theoretical perspectives are used to analyze how the newspaper constructs meaning through signs and representations to transmit particular ideological messages to readers.
Understanding Trump & the Alt-Right Movement
This is a talk I gave for the Hunter College Sociology Department, November 9, 2016 about the Trump election and the alt-right movement. Most of this is in the text of this related blog post: http://www.racismreview.com/blog/2016/11/09/understanding-trump-moment/
Representation theories
This document discusses representation and gender theory. It provides background on theorists Judith Butler, Stuart Hall, and Paul Gilroy. Judith Butler is discussed in depth, with explanations of her theories of gender performativity and "gender trouble." Gender, according to Butler, is constructed through performances and repetitions of gender roles, rather than being based on inherent or biological traits. The document also discusses debates around representation of feminism in the media.
Ideology in American Super Hero Films
The document discusses how to analyze the ideologies present in American superhero films. It explains that ideologies represent the dominant values and attitudes of a social group or culture. Superhero films often promote American ideologies like patriotism and depict American heroes as defending freedom and justice. The narratives, characters, and imagery in superhero films can subtly reinforce values like American exceptionalism and military strength. Analyzing representations, narratives, and binary opposites in films can provide insights into the ideologies they aim to promote or challenge.
Laura Mulvey
Laura Mulvey is a prominent British feminist film theorist best known for her 1975 essay "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema," which introduced the concept of the "male gaze" and analyzed how Hollywood cinema represents women through the heterosexual male perspective and for the visual pleasure of male viewers. Mulvey's influential work inaugurated the intersection of film theory, psychoanalysis, and feminism and analyzed how the symbolic order of society is dominated by the heterosexual male gaze, which objectifies women as representations of male desires.
TV drama exam style questions The Avengers
The document provides exam style questions about analyzing representations of gender in an episode of the 1960s British TV show The Avengers, asking students to discuss how the extract challenges or conforms to traditional gender stereotypes of the era based on analyzing its use of gender representations and drawing conclusions. It also provides context about the historical, social, and cultural norms around gender in 1960s Britain and how the show both reflected and potentially challenged traditional roles and representations through characters like Emma Peel.
Horror representation 2016
This document discusses the concept of representation and provides context about the 1957 film "The Horror of Dracula". It defines representation as the construction of ideas or images that reflect societal attitudes, and may not be accurate. Representations of gender, social class, age, and British values are examined in the film. Historical context is given about political unrest and economic struggles in Britain in the 1950s that may have made horror films popular escapes. Specific facts about "The Horror of Dracula" are listed, and it suggests the film represented British fears about losing power abroad and changes to traditional gender roles at home.
Angela McRobbie
No, Emmeline Pankhurst would not be considered an archetypal representation of femininity. Some key reasons:
- She was a political activist and leader who fought aggressively for women's suffrage through militant tactics like hunger strikes, which went against traditional expectations of feminine behavior.
- Her activism and leadership role disrupted traditional gender roles that relegated women to the private sphere of home and family. She took on a very public role advocating for women's rights.
- Images and descriptions of her from the time period often emphasized her defiance of femininity through her strong public speaking, willingness to be arrested and imprisoned for her cause, and other assertive tactics.
- She challenged patriarchal power structures and norms
Representation of women in the Media
The document discusses several archetypal representations of femininity throughout history and across cultures. It begins by describing some of the earliest representations in the form of Paleolithic Venus figurines from 28,000-25,000 BCE. It then discusses classical Greek and Roman goddesses associated with love, beauty, and sexuality like Aphrodite and Venus. Examples of feminist interpretations of figures like Medusa are provided. The document also examines historical female figures represented in art and myths, common feminine archetypes and stereotypes, as well as examples of countertypes from modern media and culture.
Stuart Hall Theories of representation 2
Stuart Hall was a prominent cultural theorist and sociologist who worked in the UK from 1951 onwards. Along with Richard Hoggart and Raymond Williams, Hall was a founding figure of British Cultural Studies. The document then provides definitions and examples of stereotypes, archetypes, and countertypes in media. It asks the reader to analyze pages 257-261 from Hall's book Representation, focusing on definitions of types vs stereotypes, three points on stereotyping with examples, and representation and power in relation to symbolic power in society.
Representation theories
This document summarizes several theories of representation relating to race and gender:
1. Paul Gilroy and Stuart Hall theorized about representations of race in media, with Gilroy focusing on the "Black Atlantic" culture and Hall discussing strategies to subvert stereotypes like reversing them or making them work against themselves.
2. Liesbet van Zoonen analyzed gender representation in media through a feminist lens, noting how women are often objectified and gender is performatively constructed.
3. bell hooks' intersectional theory examined how media representations reinforce systems like white supremacist capitalist patriarchy through stereotypes based on gender, race, class and sexuality.
Gender representation_Academic theories
This document summarizes key concepts from several feminist theorists regarding gender representation:
1) Liesbet van Zoonen argues that gender is socially constructed and represented differently in media, often objectifying women. She disagrees that technology inherently empowers women.
2) Bell hooks introduced intersectionality - how gender, race, class intersect to create systems of oppression dominant in media representations. She advocates an "oppositional gaze" for black audiences.
3) Judith Butler's gender performativity theory holds that gender is created through the repetitive performance of gender roles, not an essential identity. This creates "gender trouble" for those outside heterosexual norms.
Gender representation
- Judith Butler's theory of gender performativity argues that gender is not a stable identity, but something that is constantly created and reinforced through our performances of gender roles (1 sentence).
- Butler asserts that gender is a fluid variable that shifts depending on context, rather than a fixed attribute, and that there is no gender identity behind expressions of gender - identity is performatively constituted through expressions of gender (1 sentence).
- Evidence that supports Butler's theory includes examples of representations that reinforce repetitive gender performances as well as news that challenges or "queers" typical gender norms (1 sentence).
White privilege
White privilege refers to unearned societal privileges that benefit people identified as white beyond what is commonly experienced by non-white people in similar circumstances. While some see white privilege as an acknowledgment of discrimination faced by other races, others argue that the term is offensive and ignores discrimination faced by white people. Analyzing films and news media found they perpetuate norms of white racial progress and colorblind narratives while maintaining white privilege. Teaching about unpacking the invisible knapsack of white privilege may unintentionally make white people more comfortable with their whiteness rather than willing to act against racial inequality. For many white Americans, the concept of white privilege is difficult to grasp because they do not feel privileged in their daily struggles to make ends
McCarthyism
A History 12 lesson on the anti-communist sentiment promoted by the HUAC and McCarthy in the USA at the start of the Cold War
The Daily Mirror case study - Media Studies
The Daily Mirror published an edition on November 10th, 2016 following Donald Trump's election victory. The front page features an image of a weeping Statue of Liberty with the headline "What have they done?". Inside, articles analyze Trump's improbable win, liken it to Brexit, and represent his supporters as predominantly white males. The newspaper constructs Trump and his backers using signs that frame them as a specific cultural group and transmit ideas about social inequalities and the subordination of other groups.
F block dystopian in the real world!
Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945 is provided as a real-life example of a dystopian society. Adolf Hitler and the Nazis took control of Germany, propagated anti-Semitic views that the Jews were to blame for the war, and began systematically hunting down and killing Jews. Jews lived in fear of being sent to concentration camps where thousands died of malnourishment and disease. The document suggests that another country, whose control over its people and punishment of citizens who disobey resembles Nazi Germany, could also be considered dystopian.
The second wave of feminism vs. the third wave of feminism
The document summarizes the key differences between the Second Wave and Third Wave of feminism. The Second Wave during the 1960s-1970s focused on issues like reproductive rights, equality in the workplace, and violence against women. In contrast, the Third Wave of the 1990s focused more on contemporary issues like the wage gap, sexual harassment, body image, and LGBT rights. Music and protests were also different, with the Third Wave utilizing spoken word poetry, empowering artists like Beyonce, and campaigns like SlutWalks.
Media and Collective Identity: Useful quotes
The documents discuss how media representations of ethnic and racial groups are shaped by dominant ideologies to control identities. Stuart Hall argued that media produces naturalized representations that construct identities like race as innate rather than politically motivated. Representations in media have power to shape popular attitudes. Research found ethnic minorities often underrepresented or stereotyped in media. Younger black respondents rejected a British identity due to feeling marginalized in society. Mixed race youth assumed a black identity due to appearance and upbringing. Accurate portrayals of communities are needed to avoid wrong impressions.
Race & media portrayal
This document discusses racism and stereotypical portrayals of minorities in media. It notes that when thinking of criminals, many envision male minorities. Stereotypes in media representation create predator/prey situations where minorities are always prey. Historical movies often depicted blacks as foolish or criminals, perpetuating racist stereotypes. While some modern movies combat racism, media on the whole still commonly portrays minorities in subservient or criminal roles compared to whites. The document argues racism in media portrayal still exists today and will be difficult to fully eradicate.
Stranger Things Essay
The document discusses representation in the Netflix series Stranger Things. It outlines key areas of representation to consider, including stereotypes, under-representation, realism, and how representations convey values. It also notes how audience and historical context impact interpretations. Tables are included to analyze how characters in Stranger Things follow or challenge stereotypes related to age, gender, class, ability, race, region, and sexuality. Theories of representation from scholars like Stuart Hall, David Gauntlett, and others are referenced to help analyze characters.
Feminism
This document discusses feminist analysis of gender stereotypes in media. It outlines that feminism aims to reveal and dismantle socially ingrained systems of sexism that privilege men over women. Specifically, it notes that biological sex becomes conflated with cultural expectations of gender, resulting in discrimination. Common stereotypes in American media are discussed, including portrayals of men as active and powerful versus women as passive and insignificant.
SCH contexts 1960
The document discusses the social, cultural, and historical contexts reflected in the 1960s British television series The Avengers. It explores several key contexts, including the swinging 1960s culture in Britain; themes of music, drug use, feminism, and sexuality during that era; the Cold War fear of Russian spies; representations of ethnicity in largely white 1960s Britain; and changing gender roles in the 1960s prior to second-wave feminism. These contexts are reflected in episodes of The Avengers, such as in the characters of Steed and Emma Peel and the threats they encounter, and provide important background for understanding the series and its place in British popular culture during that transformative decade.
Media Theory
The document summarizes several media theorists and their perspectives on representation. It discusses Laura Mulvey's concept of the male gaze and how women are portrayed as passive objects in film. John Berger's theory that women appear for male objectification across media is also mentioned. Theories by Alvarado, Bell Hooks, Stuart Hall, and others address how ethnicity, race, gender, and class are commonly represented and interpreted in Western media through stereotypes, exoticism, and blurred associations. Narrative and audience reception theories are also briefly outlined.
Stuart Hall Theories of representation 3
Stuart Hall outlines three strategies for contesting racial stereotypes in media representation:
1) Reversing stereotypes or substituting negative images with positive ones.
2) Attempting to make stereotypes work against themselves through humor or de-familiarization.
3) Celebrating diversity to expand representations beyond reductionist stereotypes.
However, he notes these strategies also risk appropriating difference or avoiding difficult issues.
Antivirus for the Mind
Our mental software is under attack!
Talk at Ignite Shanghai in May 2010 with the "Geeks on a Plane"
Barthes
Roland Barthes was a major 20th century French literary theorist, philosopher and linguist. Some of his most important works included Mythologies, Elements of Semiology, The Death of the Author, and Camera Lucida. Barthes was known for applying semiotic analysis to culture and exploring the underlying myths that shape cultural systems.
The New Deal and the Arts
The New Deal created several arts programs through the Treasury Department and WPA to provide jobs for unemployed artists during the Great Depression, including the Public Works of Art Project, Section on Painting and Sculpture, and Federal Art Project. These programs employed over 10,000 artists who created over 225,000 works of art in various mediums and genres. The art was displayed in government buildings, post offices, and community art centers across the country to uplift the public with new artistic works during difficult economic times.
The world of wrestling
Roland Barthes' 1957 essay "The World of Wrestling" analyzes wrestling as a spectacle rather than a sport. Barthes views wrestling as a theatrical performance with sign systems embodied in wrestlers' physiques and gestures that convey meaning to spectators. Like theater, wrestling presents human suffering through exaggerated performances and costumes that represent the "tragic play." While resembling sports, wrestling has no true winner but aims to perform expected motions. The villainous wrestler embodies past misdeeds through their physique and usually suffers defeat, representing the moral concept of justice. Barthes argues wrestling presents an "absolute" display that spectators accept without question.
Postcolonialism & Fanon
Postcolonialism responds to Western colonialism from a non-Western perspective, examining how structures of white supremacy are maintained and Western views of "the other." It considers hybrid identities in the historical context of Western colonialism and imperialism as well as decolonization struggles. Frantz Fanon, a psychiatrist and philosopher from the French colony of Martinique, was influential in anti-colonial movements. In Black Skins, White Masks, he analyzed the psychology of colonialism on colonized peoples, and in The Wretched of the Earth advocated for independence from colonizers through the potential use of violence.
More Related Content
What's hot
Representation of women in the Media
The document discusses several archetypal representations of femininity throughout history and across cultures. It begins by describing some of the earliest representations in the form of Paleolithic Venus figurines from 28,000-25,000 BCE. It then discusses classical Greek and Roman goddesses associated with love, beauty, and sexuality like Aphrodite and Venus. Examples of feminist interpretations of figures like Medusa are provided. The document also examines historical female figures represented in art and myths, common feminine archetypes and stereotypes, as well as examples of countertypes from modern media and culture.
Stuart Hall Theories of representation 2
Stuart Hall was a prominent cultural theorist and sociologist who worked in the UK from 1951 onwards. Along with Richard Hoggart and Raymond Williams, Hall was a founding figure of British Cultural Studies. The document then provides definitions and examples of stereotypes, archetypes, and countertypes in media. It asks the reader to analyze pages 257-261 from Hall's book Representation, focusing on definitions of types vs stereotypes, three points on stereotyping with examples, and representation and power in relation to symbolic power in society.
Representation theories
This document summarizes several theories of representation relating to race and gender:
1. Paul Gilroy and Stuart Hall theorized about representations of race in media, with Gilroy focusing on the "Black Atlantic" culture and Hall discussing strategies to subvert stereotypes like reversing them or making them work against themselves.
2. Liesbet van Zoonen analyzed gender representation in media through a feminist lens, noting how women are often objectified and gender is performatively constructed.
3. bell hooks' intersectional theory examined how media representations reinforce systems like white supremacist capitalist patriarchy through stereotypes based on gender, race, class and sexuality.
Gender representation_Academic theories
This document summarizes key concepts from several feminist theorists regarding gender representation:
1) Liesbet van Zoonen argues that gender is socially constructed and represented differently in media, often objectifying women. She disagrees that technology inherently empowers women.
2) Bell hooks introduced intersectionality - how gender, race, class intersect to create systems of oppression dominant in media representations. She advocates an "oppositional gaze" for black audiences.
3) Judith Butler's gender performativity theory holds that gender is created through the repetitive performance of gender roles, not an essential identity. This creates "gender trouble" for those outside heterosexual norms.
Gender representation
- Judith Butler's theory of gender performativity argues that gender is not a stable identity, but something that is constantly created and reinforced through our performances of gender roles (1 sentence).
- Butler asserts that gender is a fluid variable that shifts depending on context, rather than a fixed attribute, and that there is no gender identity behind expressions of gender - identity is performatively constituted through expressions of gender (1 sentence).
- Evidence that supports Butler's theory includes examples of representations that reinforce repetitive gender performances as well as news that challenges or "queers" typical gender norms (1 sentence).
White privilege
White privilege refers to unearned societal privileges that benefit people identified as white beyond what is commonly experienced by non-white people in similar circumstances. While some see white privilege as an acknowledgment of discrimination faced by other races, others argue that the term is offensive and ignores discrimination faced by white people. Analyzing films and news media found they perpetuate norms of white racial progress and colorblind narratives while maintaining white privilege. Teaching about unpacking the invisible knapsack of white privilege may unintentionally make white people more comfortable with their whiteness rather than willing to act against racial inequality. For many white Americans, the concept of white privilege is difficult to grasp because they do not feel privileged in their daily struggles to make ends
McCarthyism
A History 12 lesson on the anti-communist sentiment promoted by the HUAC and McCarthy in the USA at the start of the Cold War
The Daily Mirror case study - Media Studies
The Daily Mirror published an edition on November 10th, 2016 following Donald Trump's election victory. The front page features an image of a weeping Statue of Liberty with the headline "What have they done?". Inside, articles analyze Trump's improbable win, liken it to Brexit, and represent his supporters as predominantly white males. The newspaper constructs Trump and his backers using signs that frame them as a specific cultural group and transmit ideas about social inequalities and the subordination of other groups.
F block dystopian in the real world!
Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945 is provided as a real-life example of a dystopian society. Adolf Hitler and the Nazis took control of Germany, propagated anti-Semitic views that the Jews were to blame for the war, and began systematically hunting down and killing Jews. Jews lived in fear of being sent to concentration camps where thousands died of malnourishment and disease. The document suggests that another country, whose control over its people and punishment of citizens who disobey resembles Nazi Germany, could also be considered dystopian.
The second wave of feminism vs. the third wave of feminism
The document summarizes the key differences between the Second Wave and Third Wave of feminism. The Second Wave during the 1960s-1970s focused on issues like reproductive rights, equality in the workplace, and violence against women. In contrast, the Third Wave of the 1990s focused more on contemporary issues like the wage gap, sexual harassment, body image, and LGBT rights. Music and protests were also different, with the Third Wave utilizing spoken word poetry, empowering artists like Beyonce, and campaigns like SlutWalks.
Media and Collective Identity: Useful quotes
The documents discuss how media representations of ethnic and racial groups are shaped by dominant ideologies to control identities. Stuart Hall argued that media produces naturalized representations that construct identities like race as innate rather than politically motivated. Representations in media have power to shape popular attitudes. Research found ethnic minorities often underrepresented or stereotyped in media. Younger black respondents rejected a British identity due to feeling marginalized in society. Mixed race youth assumed a black identity due to appearance and upbringing. Accurate portrayals of communities are needed to avoid wrong impressions.
Race & media portrayal
This document discusses racism and stereotypical portrayals of minorities in media. It notes that when thinking of criminals, many envision male minorities. Stereotypes in media representation create predator/prey situations where minorities are always prey. Historical movies often depicted blacks as foolish or criminals, perpetuating racist stereotypes. While some modern movies combat racism, media on the whole still commonly portrays minorities in subservient or criminal roles compared to whites. The document argues racism in media portrayal still exists today and will be difficult to fully eradicate.
Stranger Things Essay
The document discusses representation in the Netflix series Stranger Things. It outlines key areas of representation to consider, including stereotypes, under-representation, realism, and how representations convey values. It also notes how audience and historical context impact interpretations. Tables are included to analyze how characters in Stranger Things follow or challenge stereotypes related to age, gender, class, ability, race, region, and sexuality. Theories of representation from scholars like Stuart Hall, David Gauntlett, and others are referenced to help analyze characters.
Feminism
This document discusses feminist analysis of gender stereotypes in media. It outlines that feminism aims to reveal and dismantle socially ingrained systems of sexism that privilege men over women. Specifically, it notes that biological sex becomes conflated with cultural expectations of gender, resulting in discrimination. Common stereotypes in American media are discussed, including portrayals of men as active and powerful versus women as passive and insignificant.
SCH contexts 1960
The document discusses the social, cultural, and historical contexts reflected in the 1960s British television series The Avengers. It explores several key contexts, including the swinging 1960s culture in Britain; themes of music, drug use, feminism, and sexuality during that era; the Cold War fear of Russian spies; representations of ethnicity in largely white 1960s Britain; and changing gender roles in the 1960s prior to second-wave feminism. These contexts are reflected in episodes of The Avengers, such as in the characters of Steed and Emma Peel and the threats they encounter, and provide important background for understanding the series and its place in British popular culture during that transformative decade.
Media Theory
The document summarizes several media theorists and their perspectives on representation. It discusses Laura Mulvey's concept of the male gaze and how women are portrayed as passive objects in film. John Berger's theory that women appear for male objectification across media is also mentioned. Theories by Alvarado, Bell Hooks, Stuart Hall, and others address how ethnicity, race, gender, and class are commonly represented and interpreted in Western media through stereotypes, exoticism, and blurred associations. Narrative and audience reception theories are also briefly outlined.
Stuart Hall Theories of representation 3
Stuart Hall outlines three strategies for contesting racial stereotypes in media representation:
1) Reversing stereotypes or substituting negative images with positive ones.
2) Attempting to make stereotypes work against themselves through humor or de-familiarization.
3) Celebrating diversity to expand representations beyond reductionist stereotypes.
However, he notes these strategies also risk appropriating difference or avoiding difficult issues.
Antivirus for the Mind
Our mental software is under attack!
Talk at Ignite Shanghai in May 2010 with the "Geeks on a Plane"
What's hot (18)
The second wave of feminism vs. the third wave of feminism
The second wave of feminism vs. the third wave of feminism
ย
Viewers also liked
Barthes
Roland Barthes was a major 20th century French literary theorist, philosopher and linguist. Some of his most important works included Mythologies, Elements of Semiology, The Death of the Author, and Camera Lucida. Barthes was known for applying semiotic analysis to culture and exploring the underlying myths that shape cultural systems.
The New Deal and the Arts
The New Deal created several arts programs through the Treasury Department and WPA to provide jobs for unemployed artists during the Great Depression, including the Public Works of Art Project, Section on Painting and Sculpture, and Federal Art Project. These programs employed over 10,000 artists who created over 225,000 works of art in various mediums and genres. The art was displayed in government buildings, post offices, and community art centers across the country to uplift the public with new artistic works during difficult economic times.
The world of wrestling
Roland Barthes' 1957 essay "The World of Wrestling" analyzes wrestling as a spectacle rather than a sport. Barthes views wrestling as a theatrical performance with sign systems embodied in wrestlers' physiques and gestures that convey meaning to spectators. Like theater, wrestling presents human suffering through exaggerated performances and costumes that represent the "tragic play." While resembling sports, wrestling has no true winner but aims to perform expected motions. The villainous wrestler embodies past misdeeds through their physique and usually suffers defeat, representing the moral concept of justice. Barthes argues wrestling presents an "absolute" display that spectators accept without question.
Postcolonialism & Fanon
Postcolonialism responds to Western colonialism from a non-Western perspective, examining how structures of white supremacy are maintained and Western views of "the other." It considers hybrid identities in the historical context of Western colonialism and imperialism as well as decolonization struggles. Frantz Fanon, a psychiatrist and philosopher from the French colony of Martinique, was influential in anti-colonial movements. In Black Skins, White Masks, he analyzed the psychology of colonialism on colonized peoples, and in The Wretched of the Earth advocated for independence from colonizers through the potential use of violence.
Gramsci
Antonio Gramsci was an Italian communist philosopher who wrote extensively about cultural hegemony while imprisoned by Mussolini's fascist government in the 1920s-1930s. In his Prison Notebooks, published posthumously, Gramsci argued that the ruling class maintains power not just through economic means but also by promoting their worldview as common sense through cultural institutions. He believed constant struggle occurred in the cultural realm between different ideologies, and that political change could emerge during times of crisis when the authority of the dominant ideology is challenged.
Roland Barthes Narratives
Roland Barthes was a semiologist who analyzed how texts can have multiple meanings and narratives. He viewed a text as a "galaxy of signifiers" or a ball of threads with many narrative strands that could be pulled on in different ways to derive different interpretations. In his book Mythologies, Barthes examined how meanings are constructed in everyday objects, showing that meanings are not fixed but are shaped by social conventions.
Roland Barthes Presentation NTU Theatre Design
Roland Barthes was a French literary theorist, philosopher, linguist, critic and semiotician. He was born in 1915 in Cherbourg, France. After his father died, he was raised by his mother and grandmother. He studied at the Sorbonne in the 1930s and 1940s but struggled with tuberculosis which affected his studies. Throughout his life, Barthes published numerous influential works on semiotics, literary criticism, and photography. He is regarded as one of the most important thinkers of the 20th century. Barthes died in 1980 after being struck by a truck in Paris.
Viewers also liked (7)
More from karah515
21. postmodernism
Postmodernism rejects universal theories and meta-narratives in favor of local and contextual explanations. It is skeptical of ideas of progress, scientific truth, and cultural unity. Postmodernism sees identity as fragmented and emphasizes subcultures, image, and surface appearance over depth and originality. Postmodern art mixes styles, rejects notions of artistic purity, and blurs distinctions between high and popular culture. Postmodern thinkers deconstruct power structures and essentialist ideas of gender, sexuality, and race.
20. butler
Judith Butler is an American philosopher known for her work in feminism, queer theory, and political theory. Some of her major works examine gender and sexuality, challenging essentialist views. In Gender Trouble, she argues that gender is a social construct and performative, rather than determined by sex or biology. She asserts that there is no innate gender identity and that gender is formed through citational acts over time. Butler seeks to deconstruct notions of fixed gender and sexuality, viewing them as cultural rather than natural categories.
19. said
Edward Said's book Orientalism argues that the Orient has been imagined and constructed by the West through a discourse called Orientalism. This discourse involves producing knowledge about the Orient through academic and artistic works that help dominate and exert authority over it. Said defines Orientalism as a Western style and corporate institution for dealing with the Orient by making statements, authorizing views, describing, teaching, settling, and ruling over it. This discourse helped European culture gain strength by defining itself against an imagined Orient. Orientalism continues to circulate and construct ideas about the East in various cultural forms today.
17 and 18. foucault, parts 1 & 2
Michel Foucault was a 20th century French philosopher known for his works analyzing the relationship between power and knowledge and how they are deployed in society. Some of his major works examined how concepts like madness, medicine, and sexuality are socially constructed. In his work The History of Sexuality, Foucault argued that sexuality became a central part of personal identity in modern Western societies as it became medically categorized and regulated through various institutions seeking to define normalcy and deviance. He analyzed how power operates through subtle controls and surveillance rather than direct force, using the metaphor of the panopticon prison to represent modern disciplinary society.
16. barthes & hall
This document provides an overview of cultural theorists Stuart Hall and Roland Barthes. It discusses Stuart Hall's work on encoding and decoding messages in media and how audiences do not passively receive information. It also outlines Roland Barthes' work on how dominant ideologies present themselves as natural through images and myth-making. Specifically, it explains Barthes' view of myth as a communication system that removes the reader from an active role and constructs ideas as inherent truths.
15. combahee, anzaldua
This document discusses identity politics and intersectionality. It provides historical context around the development of identity politics movements in the 1950s-1970s such as civil rights, women's rights, and gay rights. It then discusses the concepts of intersectionality and how multiple overlapping identities interact. The document presents several artworks and excerpts to illustrate these concepts of identity and the experiences of marginalized groups.
14. fanon & baldwin
This document discusses black existentialism through the works of Frantz Fanon and James Baldwin. It summarizes that black existentialism shares similarities with existentialist philosophers like Sartre but focuses on the liberation of all people of color rather than individual freedom. It provides biographical context of Fanon and Baldwin, outlining their major works and influences. Both writers examined issues of colonialism, racism, and identity from the perspective of being black in a white-dominated world.
13. de beauvoir
Simone de Beauvoir was a French writer and philosopher who was heavily influenced by existentialism and Jean-Paul Sartre. She wrote The Second Sex in 1949, which argued that women are socially constructed as the "other" in a patriarchal society, and that this socialization is the root cause of women's oppression, not their biology. De Beauvoir asserted that one is not born a woman but becomes one, and that both individual and social change are needed for women's liberation.
12. adorno
The Frankfurt School was an institute founded in Germany in the 1920s that included thinkers like Theodor Adorno, Max Horkheimer, Herbert Marcuse, and others. They critiqued concepts from the Enlightenment like rationality, progress, and domination of nature. They argued that the Enlightenment created its own "myths" and that modern society lives in an era of unfreedom and violence due to "instrumental rationality." They also critiqued mass culture and the culture industry, arguing it led to increasing uniformity and standardization of products that created artificial needs and passivity in individuals in order to reinforce the capitalist system.
11. benjamin
1) You are shocked and overwhelmed by the beauty and skill of Botticelli's The Birth of Venus as a chambermaid from a peasant family serving the wealthy de Medici's.
2) As a young shop assistant from a small village seeing the Mona Lisa for the first time at the Louvre in 1910, you are in awe of da Vinci's masterpiece and the prestige and sophistication of Paris.
3) In 2018 as a new graphic designer, you feel uncomfortable with your colleague's poster of Klimt's The Kiss hanging over your shared desk as intimate artwork in a professional workspace.
10.5 age of progress & anxiety
The late 1800s and early 1900s saw unprecedented changes across Western societies including mass production, mass consumption enabled by new industries, widespread mass education to fuel these new economies, the rise of mass politics as more groups gained the right to vote, and new forms of mass leisure activities. However, this period of rapid economic and social progress also coincided with growing anxieties about these changes and their effects on individuals and traditional ways of life.
10. freud
In his work Civilization and its Discontents, Sigmund Freud applies his psychoanalytic theories about individual psychology to whole societies. He questions why human beings are so miserable in modern civilization and argues that the central problem is maintaining a balance between individual desires and the demands of society. Freud proposes that civilization arises from two drives in human nature: Eros, the life drive, and Thanatos, the death drive. Society controls the individual through internalized discipline and fear of losing love from the community.
9. nietzsche
Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) was a German philosopher who is known for proclaiming the death of God and developing the concepts of master morality, slave morality, and ressentiment. In his "Parable of the Madman," Nietzsche describes a madman who declares that God is dead and laments who will wipe away this blood from humanity as the murderers of God. Nietzsche analyzed the development of morality from master morality defined by the powerful to slave morality defined in reaction and resentment against the masters. He argued that each person must develop their own moral code through rational reflection and affirmation of life rather than adopting universal morality.
7. marx, part 2
Marx analyzed history and society through the lens of class struggle. He believed that throughout history, society has been divided into opposing classes such as slave and master, peasant and aristocrat, and most currently, bourgeoisie and proletariat. Marx argued that the capitalist system established by the bourgeoisie, while advancing technology and industry, has created new forms of oppression and inequality. He predicted that recurring economic crises under capitalism would grow increasingly severe and ultimately lead to its demise, to be replaced by a socialist and communist society without classes.
6. marx, part 1
This document provides an overview of key aspects of Karl Marx's critique of capitalism. It discusses Marx's view that the industrial revolution led to alienating forms of labor under capitalism where workers are estranged from their work and its products. Marx argued that under capitalism, labor becomes a means to survival rather than a means of self-affirmation. The document also summarizes Marx's views on commodity fetishism and how the capitalist system obscures the actual human labor that goes into producing commodities.
5. hegel
This document discusses the German philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and his ideas about history and dialectic. It examines how Hegel viewed history as being driven by ideas and the dialectic process of thesis, antithesis, and synthesis. It also analyzes Susan Buck-Morss's work connecting Hegel's philosophy to the Haitian Revolution and how slavery and the Enlightenment ideals of freedom were in tension.
4. rousseau
Rousseau believed that humans in a state of nature were solitary yet inherently good and driven by instincts of survival. In civilization, humans become competitive, greedy, and power-hungry due to political inequalities. While walking in the forest, Rousseau contemplated stripping away pretenses to see humanity's true nature, and how civilization has distorted it for the worse. In his work "Confessions", Rousseau resolved to present himself truthfully to show his fellow man an example of natural humanity, claiming he was unlike anyone else in the world.
3. kant, wollstonecraft, truth
This document discusses the views of Immanuel Kant, Mary Wollstonecraft, and Sojourner Truth on education and reason. It examines Kant's definition of enlightenment and his views on how individuals can use reason. It also looks at Wollstonecraft's views on how women were socialized and educated at the time, and how this was harmful. Finally, it considers Truth's perspectives on gender, race, and the connection between reason and rights.
Course Introduction: 1930s America & Hollywood
This document provides an introduction to a course on art and history during the "Long 1930s." It discusses the context of the 1920s in America, including prosperity, new consumer goods, and a culture of exuberance. It then outlines how the 1930s was defined by the Great Depression and explores mass culture during this period, focusing on radio and the movie-going experience. It includes a quote that describes the split personality of Depression culture between grappling with economic disaster and creating entertainment as a form of escapism and coming to terms with hard times.
Enlightenment review; Descartes & Locke
The document discusses several key aspects of the Enlightenment period in Europe including the questioning of religious and political authorities, the spread of scientific revolution and rationalism, and the emergence of skepticism and emphasis on human reason. It also notes tensions around the universal application of reason and whether it applied equally to all groups of people.
More from karah515 (20)
Recently uploaded
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!ย
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation results
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Bossa Nโ Roll Records by Ismael Vazquez.
Bossa N Roll Records presentation by Izzy Vazquez for Music Retail and Distribution class at Full Sail University
HYPERTENSION - SLIDE SHARE PRESENTATION.
IT WILL BE HELPFULL FOR THE NUSING STUDENTS
IT FOCUSED ON MEDICAL MANAGEMENT AND NURSING MANAGEMENT.
HIGHLIGHTS ON HEALTH EDUCATION.
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.ย
How to Predict Vendor Bill Product in Odoo 17
This slide will guide us through the process of predicting vendor bill products based on previous purchases from the vendor in Odoo 17.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Ivรกn Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
BIOLOGY NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL (NECO) 2024 PRACTICAL MANUAL.pptx
Practical manual for National Examination Council, Nigeria.
Contains guides on answering questions on the specimens provided
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.ppt
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
(๐๐๐ ๐๐๐) (๐๐๐ฌ๐ฌ๐จ๐ง ๐)-๐๐ซ๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฌ
๐๐ข๐ฌ๐๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐๐ ๐๐ฎ๐ซ๐ซ๐ข๐๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐ฆ ๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐ก๐ข๐ฅ๐ข๐ฉ๐ฉ๐ข๐ง๐๐ฌ:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
๐๐ฑ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐๐ญ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ ๐๐ง๐ ๐๐๐จ๐ฉ๐ ๐จ๐ ๐๐ง ๐๐ง๐ญ๐ซ๐๐ฉ๐ซ๐๐ง๐๐ฎ๐ซ:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Recently uploaded (20)
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...
ย
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"
ย
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
ย
BIOLOGY NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL (NECO) 2024 PRACTICAL MANUAL.pptx
BIOLOGY NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL (NECO) 2024 PRACTICAL MANUAL.pptx
ย
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
ย
REASIGNACION 2024 UGEL CHUPACA 2024 UGEL CHUPACA.pdf
REASIGNACION 2024 UGEL CHUPACA 2024 UGEL CHUPACA.pdf
ย
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.ppt
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.ppt
ย
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
ย
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...
ย
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
ย
Fascism in America
- 1. Fascism in America in the 1930s HST 3103 America in Crisis Kara Heitz
- 3. Can โItโ Happen Here? โข American exceptionalism โข What is the โitโ? โข Fascism โข Populism โข Tendencies not Absolutes โข Diminished Democracy
- 5. WHY โITโ COULD HAVE HAPPENED HERE
- 9. Intolerance & Rejection of Modern Ideas