Fair Trade And Free Trade
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The document discusses the debate around whether free trade or fair trade is better for eradicating hunger in developing countries. Free trade involves no government interference in global trade, while fair trade aims to establish more equitable trading partnerships that ensure better prices, labor standards, and environmental sustainability for marginalized producers. The document outlines some of the key principles and criticisms of each approach, noting that while free trade operates at a large scale, fair trade ensures protections for workers and cushions against market instability but remains small in the global economy. In the end, it suggests fair trade offers an alternative to policies like neoliberalism by focusing on cooperation over competition, though fair trade organizations need to work on unifying.
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The U.S. is in a strong bargaining position to negotiate balanced trade relative to partners that drive our trade deficit – in a trade war, they have a lot more to loose.
The U.S. should proactively adopt a tit-for-tat approach to foster trade liberalization and fairness or risk losing the “international trade war”.
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Regional grouping involves countries within a geographic area joining together for mutual benefit. The European Union began in the 1950s with six founding members and has since grown to include 28 member states. Key objectives of the EU include establishing a single market, customs union, and common policies around issues like agriculture, transportation, and social and economic goals. Members benefit from free trade and movement of goods, services, capital and people across borders, as well as increased economic and political influence on the global stage.
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Terrorism is considered one of the most serious threats to global peace and security. It takes many forms such as hijackings, bombings, assassinations and shootings, and is a deliberate act intended to harm societies and spread fear in order to achieve political, ideological, or religious goals. While terrorism has no borders, globalization has increased interconnectivity between nations and created a "domino effect" where terrorist acts in one region can spread fear worldwide. Addressing the underlying socio-economic factors that terrorist groups exploit, such as poverty, inequality, and lack of opportunity, is key to effectively countering terrorism in the long run. Governments must also take smart, mature actions while educating citizens, as a war
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1) The Pure Theory of Trade. This examines the basis for trade and the gains from trade.
2) The Theory of Commercial Policy. This studies the reasons for and the results of obstructions to the free flow of trade.
3) The Balance of Payments. This examines a nation’s total payments to and total receipts from the rest of the world. These involve the exchange of one currency with others.
4) Adjustment in the Balance of Payments. This deals with the mechanism of adjustment to balance of payments disequilibria under different international monetary systems.
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"Free" Trade without "Fair" Trade? -- how should the U.S. react to address ou...
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The U.S. is in a strong bargaining position to negotiate balanced trade relative to partners that drive our trade deficit – in a trade war, they have a lot more to loose.
The U.S. should proactively adopt a tit-for-tat approach to foster trade liberalization and fairness or risk losing the “international trade war”.
Above ‘fair trade” enforcing mechanism would provide crucial time for retraining displaced labor and/or protecting sectors impacted by unfair practices.
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The document discusses the concept of free trade and its benefits, including that it allows countries and individuals to specialize in what they produce most efficiently and trade with others, which can lower costs. However, free trade may also negatively impact some groups by moving jobs to other countries and potentially exacerbating inequality and environmental issues in some less developed nations. The document explores both sides of this issue through examples, rules for a trading simulation, and discussion of how free trade impacts different groups.
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FREE TRADE THEORY
This document presents a case study on medical tourism between the USA and India. It applies David Ricardo's theory of comparative advantage to show how both countries can benefit from trade in medical services. The USA has higher costs for dental implants and crowns, while India has a comparative advantage in these procedures. If each country specializes according to its comparative costs, total global production of these services increases. Specialization allows the USA to import affordable dental care from India, while India exports these services. This demonstrates how trade based on comparative advantage can create gains for both countries.
De tieng-anh-part5-toeic-co-dap-an-loi-giai-chi-tiet
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Từ vựng TOEIC Part 7 thông dụng nhất - ORI TOEIC
Part 7 đọc không ra được đáp án do các bạn KHÔNG NẮM RÕ từ đồng nghĩa.
Mình đã biên soạn dựa vào sách Economy Reading 1 và 2 những từ thông dụng và cần thiết nhất.
Hi vọng những kiến thức này sẽ hữu ích cho việc tự học của các bạn!
Freetrade.io - NOAH16 London
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Luyện thi cấp tốc part 5 cô Mai Phương
Bộ luyện thi cấp tốc part 5 cô Mai Phương - Giá: 90.000/bộ
Để đặt mua sách các bạn liên hệ:
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Tariff and non tariff barrier
This document discusses various barriers to international trade, including tariffs, protectionism, and non-tariff barriers. It outlines arguments for and against protectionism such as protecting domestic industries and jobs. However, tariff barriers can also increase inflation, weaken international relations, and restrict supply sources and consumer choice. The document also examines dumping, the role of the WTO and IMF in facilitating trade, and examples of regional economic communities that promote free trade.
Trade barriers in International Business
This document discusses governmental trade barriers and reasons for their use. It outlines both economic and non-economic reasons for governments to intervene in trade, such as protecting infant industries, maintaining employment, and preserving national identity. Common trade barriers include tariffs, quotas, subsidies, and embargoes. Tariffs directly affect prices through import or export taxes, while non-tariff barriers can influence prices or quantities through measures like import quotas or subsidies. In general, governments employ various trade restrictions and supports to influence their country's trade relationships and performance for both economic and strategic policy reasons.
Free Trade Vs Protectionism
The document discusses protectionism and trade liberalization. Protectionism refers to restricting trade between countries through tariffs, quotas, and non-tariff barriers. Tariffs increase import prices while quotas restrict quantities. Non-tariff barriers make trade costly through regulations and standards. Countries adopt protectionism to shield domestic industries and jobs and for strategic or political reasons. Trade liberalization aims to reduce these barriers by promoting specialization, efficient resource allocation, and market access through agreements like GATT and the WTO. However, fully liberalizing world trade faces challenges in removing barriers like agricultural subsidies.
2. Theories of International Trade, Tariff and Non-tariff barriers and Trade ...
The document discusses theories of international trade, trade barriers, and trade blocks. It covers Adam Smith's theory of absolute advantage, Ricardo's theory of comparative advantage, and factor proportions theory. It also explains tariff barriers like import duties as well as non-tariff barriers such as quotas, import licenses, and product standards. Finally, it discusses trade blocks and different levels of economic integration between countries, from free trade areas to political unions.
Globalization of world economy ppt
Globalization has led to significant economic and cultural changes in India over the past few decades. Economically, India has seen growth in sectors like IT and BPO outsourcing, as well as increased foreign direct investment and trade. Culturally, exposure to foreign media and goods has changed lifestyles and perceptions, especially among youth, though it has also been accompanied by some social issues like deterioration of values. Overall, globalization has presented both opportunities and challenges for India's economy and society.
Globalization Presentation
Globalization refers to the increasing flow of goods, services, capital, people, information and ideas across national borders. It has led to nearly $23 trillion in annual imports and exports and influences many aspects of daily life through products from various countries. However, globalization also raises issues such as the use of sweatshops with poor working conditions and low pay as well as increasing global inequality between rich and poor nations. [END SUMMARY]
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2. Mercantilism held that nations benefit from accumulating gold and silver, and advocated for government regulation of international trade to generate wealth. Absolute advantage theory proposed that nations specialize in goods they can produce at lower absolute costs.
3. Comparative cost theory built on this by arguing that nations can both benefit from trade even if one has an absolute advantage in all goods, by
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Globalization
The trend toward great interconnectedness of the world’s financial, economic, technological, political, cultural, sociological, ecological, and geographical systems.
Bretton Woods in 1944 where 44 nations attended a conference to stabilize world currencies, and establish credit for international trade.
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Trade Organizations
Trade organizations
Groups established to help with the free flow of goods and services. They may be global in scope or national organizations created by individual governments to help domestic companies expand into international markets.
Trade Organizations
World Trade Organization (WTO)
An international organization established in 1995 (which now has over 150 member countries) that promotes trade liberalization throughout the world.
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To act as a forum for negotiations
To provide a set of rules that have been negotiated and signed by the governments of member countries
To offer a forum for dispute settlement
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Trade Organizations
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An organization with 186 member countries that provides monetary and technical support for developing countries.
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Helps poor countries move beyond conflict
Provides loans and grants to poor countries with issues
Helps these countries get proper infrastructure
Canada and other countries donate to the WB
Some say many countries suffered because of the rules it makes for taking loans
They take advantage of the countries they loan to, so that when they’re working well, they’ll be advantageous to the countries in the WB
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International Monetary Fund (IMF)
An organization that tracks economic trends, analyzes countries’ financial performances, warns governments of potential financial problems provides expertise to governments, and provides a forum for discussion
Purpose of IMF:
promote financial stability, prevent and solve economic crises, encourage growth, and assuage poverty.
Encouraging countries to adopt responsible economic policies
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The document discusses the case against trade tariffs and protectionist policies. It provides several arguments:
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2) The principle of comparative advantage shows that free trade allows countries to specialize and gain advantages in certain industries, benefiting all countries.
3) Almost all economists support free trade over protectionism, citing evidence that open markets stimulate greater overall economic growth and job creation compared to restricted trade.
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3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
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6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
Ellen Burstyn: From Detroit Dreamer to Hollywood Legend | CIO Women Magazine
In this article, we will dive into the extraordinary life of Ellen Burstyn, where the curtains rise on a story that's far more attractive than any script.
Cover Story - China's Investment Leader - Dr. Alyce SU
In World Expo 2010 Shanghai – the most visited Expo in the World History
https://www.britannica.com/event/Expo-Shanghai-2010
China’s official organizer of the Expo, CCPIT (China Council for the Promotion of International Trade https://en.ccpit.org/) has chosen Dr. Alyce Su as the Cover Person with Cover Story, in the Expo’s official magazine distributed throughout the Expo, showcasing China’s New Generation of Leaders to the World.
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Fair Trade And Free Trade
- 1. Fair Trade and Free Trade Which is Better at Eradicating Hunger? Kim Rogers Agronomy 342 Presentation
- 2. Free Trade Trade without government interference i.e., taxes, tariffs, subsidies, and quotas only regulation supply and demand Grew out of mercantilism in Europe in 1500s Adam Smith’s “invisible hand of the market” in 1776 Current examples are WTO and NAFTA Source: Moore 2004
- 3. Fair Trade Began with Mennonites in 1940s, became movement in 1960-1970s in Europe Remains small, around 1% of global trade Principles: trading partnership, based on dialogue, transparency, respect, greater equity in international trade, sustainable through better trade conditions, securing rights of marginalized producers, workers Depends on consumers paying more Sources: Moore 2004
- 4. Free Trade or Fair Trade?: The Ethics of Trade Ethics of Free trade Utilitarianism: By removing government interferences, laws of supply and demand reward all participants acting in self-interest. Ethics of Fair trade Justice: Restores equity to unfair global economic system
- 5. Which is Better for Eradicating Hunger in the Developing World? Pros of Fair Trade Ensures living wage paid to workers Protects environment of producers Support against market fluctuations Producer, Buyer enter long-term relationship
- 6. Which is Better for Eradicating Hunger in the Developing World? Cons of Fair Trade Small percentage of global economy Depends on benevolence of consumers Highly fragmented Conflict of operating both in and outside of market Can it work on economies of scale
- 7. Which is Better for Eradicating Hunger in the Developing World? Pros of Free Trade Can deal in economies of scale As dominate global order all can access it Lack of regulation prevents government corruption Sustainable as based on natural economic order
- 8. Which is Better for Eradicating Hunger in the Developing World? Cons of Free Trade Hypocrisy of free trade—forced on developing countries, West doesn’t use it Global economy race to bottom environmentally and economically unsustainable No cushion against market fluctuations
- 9. So, is free trade or fair trade better for eradicating hunger in the developing world? Fair Trade offers an economic alternative to protectionism and neoliberalism Focus on cooperative trading relations, worker rights, sustainability Fair Trade orgs need to unify Source: Jaffe 2004
- 10. Works Cited Text Sources Jaffee, Daniel. 2004. “Bringing the ‘Moral Charge’ Home: Fair Trade within the North and Within the South. Rural Sociology 69 (2): 169-196. Moore, Geoff. 2004. “The Fair Trade Movement: Parameters, Issues, and Future Research.” Journal of Business Ethics 53: 73-86. Images Slide 1: Image available at http://www.kobos.com. Retrieved June 29, 2009. Slide 5: Image available at http://lh6.ggpht.com/_D_tJ3jZ00WI/SIjJ3XTY49I/AAAAA AAAANk/AwKKCxfM1po/World+Food+Summit+Free+trade+%3D+hunger.jpg. Retrieved July 6, 2009. Slide 7: Image available http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/ EffectOfTariff.png/450px-EffectOfTariff.png. Retrieved on July 10, 2009. Slide 9. Image available at http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl.www.pcusa.org/hunger/images/cameroon-women.jpg. Retrieved on July 10, 2009.
Editor's Notes
- Definition and history of free market trade
- Definition and history of fair trade. Current movement shaped in Europe 1960s / no single national or international body / definitions.
- Ethics– Free: utilitarianism (does most good for most people as everyone can participate, market is rational. Fair: Justice – balance in justices from colonial system; protect human rights (rights based too—protect workers and environment, raise consumer awareness of injustice
- Pros of fair trade– relate each subtopic back to food security. Environment (sustainable food grow); market fluctuations– less crisis food insecurity; same w/ long-term, also education/voice of producer as partner,
- Limits of fair trade. Small %: 1% of economy; Benevelonce stand up in hard times? ; no single organizing body like wto, differing standards
- Econs of scale—has room to grow that fair trade may not; Dominate– if. Relate to hunger issues. Can grow bigger economies, feed more people, improve prosperity as a whole (rising tide lifts all boats– sustainable as self-regulating
- Western nations don’t practice free trade– through IMF, WB imposed free trade principles yet keep our subsidies– This leads to imbalance which leads to mobile capital leads to hunger
- As alternative to economy, middle ground where developing countries may have more control over their economies, thus reduce hunger (potentially). Cooperative – more power to developing country producer, sustainable, improve health, food secure, more education even. Yet, work needs to be done to insure that fair trade grows and remains economically viable—unify standars, wield more global power.