The document discusses various factors affecting reading skills, distinguishing between physical, physiological, neurological, psychosocial, and family-based risk factors. It highlights insights from experts regarding conditions such as poverty, teacher training, and specific learning disabilities like dyslexia. Additionally, it presents case studies of children facing reading challenges due to these diverse factors.

1. LESSON 2: FACTORS AFFECTING READING
FPPT.com
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
A. Distinguish the factors affecting reading; and
B. Evaluate a child’s case on the factor/s affecting

2. Let the morning bring
me word of your
unfailing love, for I have
put my trust in you.
Show me the way I
should go, for to you I
entrust my life.
PSALM 143:8

3. REVIEW
READING PYRAMID
P- PHONEMIC AWARENESS
P- PHONICS
F- FLUENCY
V- VOCABULARY
C- COMPREHENSION

4. 2018 PISA results, DepEd assessment and
studies will aid in reform plan towards
globalizing the quality of PH basic education
TOP 10 FROM THE TOP TOP 10 FROM THE
BOTTOM
Data Source: PISA 2018 Results (Volume I): What Students Know and Can Do, OECD (2019), page
18
retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/pisa/Combined_Executive_Summaries_PISA_2018.pdf

5. FACTORS ACCORDING TO
EXPERTS:
1. FREDERICK PEREZ-President, Reading
Association of the Philippines
a. Students are used to read narrative texts
and not the informational or expository
texts.
b. Poor connectivity in the far-flung areas.
c. Filipino Teachers are not equipped with new
21st century teaching techniques and should
undergo reading instruction strategy
training.
Data Source: ABS-CBN News Channel (ANC), Matters of Fact an Interview with Christian
Esguerra aired on December 04, 2019

6. 2. SEC. LEONOR BRIONES, Philippine Education
Department Secretary
a. Hunger and Poverty
b. School Facilities and Educational Resources
c. Teacher-Student Ratio and Classroom Size
d. Curriculum and Pedagogy
3. ARNEL SALVA, Filipino Head Teacher of Sauyo
High School
a. Mass Promotion
FACTORS ACCORDING TO
EXPERTS:
Data Source: ABS-CBN News Channel (ANC), Headstart an Interview with Karen Davila aired on
December 09, 2019

7. LESSON 2: FACTORS AFFECTING READING
FPPT.com
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
A. Distinguish the factors affecting reading; and
B. Evaluate a child’s case on the factor/s affecting

8. ACTIVATING PRIOR LEARNING
John comes from a poor
family. He is 9 years old
but he is still in Grade 1.
He does not recognize
phonics. What could be
the reading problem of
John?
Photo Credits: https://www.google.com/url?sa.com2FVisions-of-Life-Among-Indias-Urban-Poor

9. FACTORS
AFFECTING
READING
PHYSICAL &
PHYSIOLOGICA
L
DEVELOPMENT
VISUAL
DEFECTS
HEARING
DEFECTS
NEUROLOGICA
L FACTOR
PSYCHOSOCIAL
FACTOR
FAMILY-
BASED RISK
FACTOR

10. A. PHYSICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL
FACTOR
1. MALNUTRITION
-A condition that
results from eating a diet
which does not supply a
healthy amount of one or
more nutrients to the
Photo Credits: https://www.google.com%2Fall-india%2Fmalnutrition-free-india

11. A. PHYSICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL
FACTOR
2. ILLNESS
-A specific
condition that prevents
our body or mind from
working normally.
Photo Credits: https://www.doh.gov.ph/Statistics/Leading-Causes-of-Child-Mortality

12. A. PHYSICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL
FACTOR
2. HUNGER
-A distress associated
with lack of food and a
feeling of discomfort or
weakness caused by lack of
food coupled with the desire
to eat.Photo Credits: https://www.globalhungerindex.org/)

13. B. VISUAL DEFECTS
A. REFRACTIVE ERROR
1. MYOPIA OR NEARSIGHTEDNESS- a common
vision condition in which you can see objects near to
you clearly, but objects farther away are blurry.
2. HYPEROPIA OR FARSIGHTEDNESS– a common
vision condition in which you can see distant objects
clearly, but objects nearby may be blurry. The degree
of your farsightedness influences your focusing ability.

14. B. VISUAL DEFECTS
Photo Credit: https://c8.alamy.com/comp/MX5PPR/illustration-of-a-healthy-eye-the-eye-myopia-and-hyperopia-MX5PPR.jpg

15. B. VISUAL DEFECTS
A. BINOCULAR DIFFICULTIES
1. STRABISMUS
-A condition in which the eyes do not properly
align with each other when looking at an object.
2. ANISEIKONIA
-An ocular condition where there is a
significant difference in the perceived size of images, it
can occur as an overall difference between the two

16. B. VISUAL DEFECTS
Photo Credit: https://aryashafa.files.wordpress.com/2015/04/info_a_static.jpg?w=640

17. C. HEARING DEFECTS
1. CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS (CHL)
-It occurs when sound is not conducted efficiently through
the outer ear canal to the eardrum or the tiny bones (ossicles)
of the middle ear. Conductive hearing loss usually involves a
reduction in sound level or the ability to hear faint sounds.
2. SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS (SNHL)
-It is caused by damage to the structures in your inner ear or
your auditory nerve. It is the cause of more than 90 percent of
hearing loss in adults. Common causes of SNHL include
exposure to loud noises, genetic factors, or the natural aging

18. C. HEARING DEFECTS
Photo Credit: https://hearingpartners.com.sg/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/ear.jpg

19. D. NEUROLOGICAL DEFECTS
A. BRAIN INJURY AT BIRTH
1. CEREBRAL PALSY (CP)
- It is caused by abnormal
development of the brain or
damage to the developing brain
that affects a child’s ability to
control his or her muscles.
Photo Credits: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/cp/features/images/cerebral-palsy-11-things_456px.jpg

20. D. NEUROLOGICAL DEFECTS
B. BRAIN DEFECTS (INHERITED)
1. LEUKODYSTROPHY
- A disease that affects the cells of the brain
specifically, the myelin sheath, the material that
surrounds and protects nerve cells. Damage to this
sheath slows down or blocks messages between the
brain and the rest of the body. It an cause problems
with movement, vision, hearing, balance, ability to eat,
memory, behavior, and thought.

21. D. NEUROLOGICAL DEFECTS
Photo Credit: https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/proxy/e24UKXfjgApfb20PMOYTmpCfY7Mj_

22. D. NEUROLOGICAL DEFECTS
C. DYSLEXIA
-A specific learning
disability that is
neurobiological in origin. It is
characterized by difficulties
with accurate and/or fluent
word recognition and by
poor spelling and decoding
abilities.Photo Credit: https://hampsteadandfrognaltutors.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Dyslexia-Brain-.jpg

23. E. PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTOR
A.EMOTIONAL PROBLEMS
B.PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
C.MOTIVATION
D.READING INTERESTS

24. F. FAMILY-BASED RISK FACTORS
A. FAMILY HISTORY OF READING
DIFFICULTIES
B. HOME LITERACY ENVIRONMENT
C. OPPORTUNITIES FOR VERBAL
INTERACTION
D. HOME LANGUAGE OTHER THAN
ENGLISH

26. Among the pupils of Teacher Camelia there is a student
that challenged her the most. And this student is Anna, who is ten
years old and is still in Grade 3. She can’t read well because she
has cerebral palsy, and sometimes she is not interested in reading.
Her parents cannot enroll her in a specialized private school to
address her needs because they are just selling banana cues in the
townsite.
 What are the factors to be considered that affect the reading
skills of Anna?

27. Instruction: Analyze the situation below and distinguish
the factor that affects the reading ability of the child:
Teacher Sheila has three slow-reader students. One student is
Anna who is 10 years old and in Grade 3. She can’t read well
because she is deaf. Another student is Jessa who is in Grade 2.
She can’t read well because she is not interested in reading
activities. Another student is Michael who is in Grade 1 and 12
years old. His family can’t afford his education is late. What are
the factors affecting the reading of these students?

28. REFERENCE
Tejero, E. & Catchillar, Gerry C. (2006). Teaching
Reading in Elementary Grades. Mandaluyong City,
National Bookstore